Spin Coating Techniques for Perovskite Solar Cells

Inorganic tin-lead perovskite solar cell with enhanced performance through optimized preparation. The cell features a flat perovskite film surface, superior light absorption, high power conversion efficiency (PCE), and durability. The preparation method employs a one-step spin coating process, eliminating the need for complex anti-solvent treatments and enabling precise control over film morphology.

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Silver nanowire spin coating liquid for perovskite solar cells that enables high-efficiency transparent electrodes. The liquid combines silver nanowires with polyvinylpyrrolidone, forming cross-linked silver nanowires that enhance light transmission while maintaining electrical conductivity. The nanowire-polymer hybrid coating enables precise control over silver nanowire density and spacing, resulting in superior light transmission properties compared to conventional metal electrodes.

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Perovskite solar cell with improved interface passivation and efficiency through a novel two-step preparation method. The cell features a transparent conductive substrate, an electron transport layer, a perovskite active layer, and a hole transport layer arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The preparation involves a controlled spin coating of a PbI2 precursor solution on the substrate, followed by a short oxygen plasma treatment to create the electron transport layer. The perovskite active layer is then prepared through a two-step process involving a lead iodide precursor solution and a lead iodide precursor solution. The hole transport layer is achieved through a solution of 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobis Fluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) or poly-3hexylthiophene (P3HT). The cell achieves improved interface passivation through the controlled formation of the electron transport layer, while maintaining the perovskite active layer thickness and composition.

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Microwave-assisted rapid annealing of perovskite solar cells to enhance carrier transport efficiency. The method involves spin-coating perovskite precursor solution on a conductive substrate, followed by microwave heating and controlled annealing to evaporate the solvent. This process enables the formation of high-quality perovskite light-absorbing layers while maintaining the structural integrity of the material. The resulting perovskite solar cells exhibit improved carrier transport properties compared to conventional thermal annealing methods.

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A method for preparing perovskite light-absorbing layers for solar cells, enabling precise control over the layer thickness and composition. The method involves a controlled spin coating process followed by precise deposition of the perovskite layer, hole transport layer, and electron transport layer. The spin coating process is optimized for uniform dispersion of the perovskite precursor, while the subsequent deposition steps ensure precise layer thickness and composition control. This approach enables the production of high-quality perovskite solar cells with uniform optical and electrical properties.

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Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites for photovoltaic applications that replace lead with less toxic materials while maintaining high conversion rates. The hybrid perovskites contain ammonium-based ligands and exhibit improved stability to moisture compared to conventional lead-based perovskites. The perovskites can be prepared through spin coating or evaporation methods, and their photovoltaic devices can be fabricated in thin layer or crystalline forms.

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A two-step method for preparing perovskite solar cells that combines the advantages of dry and wet processing techniques. The method involves first preparing a lead halide precursor solution containing lead iodide and cesium halide, followed by a subsequent organic component solution containing methylamine hydroiodide and organic dopants. The precursor solution is prepared through a dry process, while the organic component solution is prepared through a wet process. The precursor solution is then applied to the substrate using a spin coating process, followed by the organic component solution. The resulting perovskite solar cells exhibit high uniformity and pinhole-free structures, enabling large-area production while maintaining high photoelectric efficiency.

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Solution-processed perovskite solar cell manufacturing method that enables efficient fabrication of photovoltaic devices using a single-step lamination process. The method employs a silver nanoparticle film as the top electrode, which is fabricated through spin-coating and annealing of nanoparticle silver ink on a PET substrate. The PEDOT:PSS/D-sorbitol layer plays a crucial role in enhancing device adhesion and electrical contact during lamination. The silver nanoparticle film is formed at elevated temperatures to achieve optimal sheet resistance and surface roughness. This approach enables the production of high-efficiency perovskite solar cells with improved stability compared to conventional metal contacts.

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A method for preparing perovskite solar cells through magnetron sputtering of zinc oxide/tin dioxide double electron transport layers. The method involves creating the double electron transport layer using magnetron sputtering of zinc oxide, followed by spin-coating of tin dioxide to form a perovskite solar cell. The zinc oxide layer enhances electron transport properties, while the spin-coated tin dioxide layer improves film compactness and carrier mobility. This combination enables improved photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability in perovskite solar cells.

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A method for preparing perovskite solar cells with improved light absorption using diethyl carbonate as an environmentally friendly green solvent. The method employs diethyl carbonate as a solvent in the crystallization process, where it forms a strong intermolecular interaction with perovskite material through a one-step spin coating strategy. This approach enables the formation of high-quality perovskite films with superior crystallization properties, resulting in enhanced light absorption and improved photovoltaic performance.

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A method for preparing high-efficiency perovskite solar cells with enhanced charge transport and reduced recombination through a novel interface engineering approach. The method involves creating a modified perovskite film on a titanium dioxide (TiO2) substrate using a specific nanosolution of sodium fluorescein. The modified film is prepared through a two-step spin coating process that incorporates the fluorescein solution into the TiO2 substrate, followed by a post-annealing treatment. This approach enables the formation of densely packed perovskite crystals with uniform particle size and thickness, while also introducing a fluorescence-enhanced passivation layer between the perovskite and TiO2 interfaces. The modified perovskite film is then integrated with a hole transport layer and external circuitry to produce high-efficiency solar cells.

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A method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell with improved efficiency and roughness by treating the electron transport layer with a specific solution. The method involves applying a lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (Li-TFSI) solution to the electron transport layer and heat treating it. This improves the roughness and carrier mobility of the electron transport layer, which enhances the overall solar cell performance. The treatment is done using a simple spin coating process without specialized equipment compared to surface treatments like plasma or TiCl4. The Li-TFSI treatment can be done on both compact and mesoporous TiO2 electron transport layers.

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High-efficiency ferroelectric perovskite solar cells produced through a novel fabrication process that integrates ferroelectric perovskite nanoparticles with a biopolymer matrix. The process involves depositing ferroelectric perovskite nanoparticles on a conductive substrate, followed by a biopolymer matrix containing the nanoparticles. This matrix is then applied to a metal oxide layer, and a charge transport layer comprising natural biopolymer and a charge carrier material is deposited. The solar cells achieve high efficiency (39.32%) through the integration of ferroelectric perovskite nanoparticles with a biopolymer matrix, which enables environmental sustainability and efficient charge transport.

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A method for preparing high-quality, high-purity CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells through liquid-phase continuous spin coating. The method employs a continuous spin coating process to synthesize CsPbBr3, followed by a direct phase transition to form the solar cells. This approach eliminates the need for organic precursors and post-processing steps, resulting in superior photovoltaic performance compared to conventional methods.

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Flexible perovskite solar cells with enhanced photoelectric performance and stability through a novel interface layer that incorporates an azobenzene-based additive. The additive, with functional groups like amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, or sulfonic acid, regulates perovskite crystal growth and ion migration, while the interface layer provides mechanical stability through hydrophobic passivation. The solar cells achieve high photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term stability on flexible substrates, particularly when combined with a spin-coated hole transport layer and a metal electrode.

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A method for preparing high-quality potassium bromide-doped perovskite thin films through spin coating, which enables enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency in perovskite solar cells. The method involves spin coating potassium bromide into the perovskite precursor solution, followed by deposition of the perovskite layer. The spin coating process ensures uniform distribution of potassium bromide, while the subsequent hole transport layer preparation enables precise control over the perovskite film properties. The final electrode layer is prepared through evaporation, resulting in a high-quality perovskite solar cell with improved efficiency.

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A method for preparing high-quality perovskite films through controlled spin coating and post-processing. The method employs a novel approach by incorporating bismuth ferrite as an anti-solvent additive during spin coating, followed by precise annealing conditions to achieve optimal crystallinity and surface morphology. This approach enables the production of perovskite films with superior grain size, uniformity, and surface roughness, which are critical factors for achieving high carrier mobility and charge transfer efficiency in solar cells.

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Method for enhancing long-term stability of perovskite solar cells through optimized doping and coating processes. The method employs a novel doping approach that incorporates methyl pyrrolidone and cesium doping into the perovskite layer, followed by precise control of the perovskite layer deposition and hole transport layer formation. The coating process ensures uniform perovskite layer deposition, while the precise control of the mixed solution preparation enables precise doping concentrations. The method also incorporates a specific heat treatment protocol that balances thermal stability with optical performance.

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Perovskite solar cells with improved stability and efficiency through enhanced interface engineering. The cells incorporate a dense titanium dioxide ion transport layer, a spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and a metal electrode layer. The ion transport layer is achieved through a spin-coating process using titanium dioxide and mesoporous titanium dioxide precursors. The spiro-OMeTAD layer is prepared through a controlled reaction of titanium dioxide with anionic metal organic frameworks. The perovskite layer is CH3NH3PbI3 (MAI), and the hole transport layer is a spiro-OMeTAD layer doped with an anionic metal organic framework material. The metal electrode layer is a metal oxide. The precise control over the precursor composition and processing conditions enables the creation of high-quality perovskite layers with reduced defects and improved charge transport properties.

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Enhancing perovskite solar cell performance through interface modification between the perovskite layer and hole transport layer. The modification involves incorporating an orally phenophene salt-based interface layer between the perovskite and hole transport layers, which improves charge transport efficiency and reduces recombination. The interface layer is prepared through spin-coating a solution onto the perovskite layer. This interface modification enables enhanced charge collection and reduced leakage current, leading to improved solar cell efficiency.

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A precursor for a light-absorbing layer in organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells that enables improved coating uniformity and enhances the efficiency of these devices. The precursor comprises a perovskite precursor, which is used to create a uniform light-absorbing layer. The perovskite precursor can be applied to the light-absorbing layer through various coating methods, including spin coating, dip coating, inkjet printing, and gravure printing, resulting in a uniform and high-quality light-absorbing layer.

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A method for preparing perovskite solar cells that eliminates the need for extensive annealing steps. The method involves a single-step spin-coating process where metal halide precursors are deposited onto the carrier transport layer followed by nitrogen-containing organic halide (AX) alcohol solution. This sequential process allows for uniform metal halide deposition and simultaneous nitrogen incorporation, enabling the formation of high-quality perovskite films without the need for separate annealing steps.

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Perovskite solar cell with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through surface-treated electron transport layer. The cell incorporates an electron transport layer surface-treated with magnesium halide, where the treatment enables efficient electron-hole transfer between the perovskite absorber and hole transport layer. The treatment process involves applying a magnesium halide solution to the surface of the electron transport layer, followed by spin coating. This surface treatment enables improved contact between the perovskite and hole transport layers, thereby enhancing the overall solar cell efficiency.

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Preparation method for organic metal halide perovskite solar cells incorporating barium titanate to address the issue of iron polarity in perovskites. The method involves doping perovskite material with barium titanate through a uniform dispersion process, followed by spin coating of the perovskite layer onto a titanium dioxide substrate. The resulting perovskite solar cells exhibit improved ferroelectric properties and enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through the incorporation of barium titanate.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through a novel one-step preparation method. The solar cell achieves superior performance by incorporating a photoactive layer prepared through a rapid spin coating process, where the substrate material undergoes a rapid transition from transparent to dark brown during the annealing process. This rapid transformation enables efficient hole transport and electron collection, leading to improved solar cell efficiency compared to conventional preparation methods.

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Two-step method for preparing perovskite solar cells with improved absorber layer performance. The method involves a two-step process where the perovskite absorber layer is first deposited through a solution spin coating process, followed by a second step where the perovskite film is processed to remove surface defects through a controlled thermal treatment. This approach enables the formation of high-quality perovskite absorber layers with reduced surface roughness, which is critical for achieving optimal solar cell performance.

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All-inorganic perovskite solar cell with improved stability and efficiency through transition metal ion doping of CsPbBr3. The cell achieves enhanced performance through a novel preparation method involving titanium dioxide (TiO2) and mesoporous TiO2 layers. The TiO2 layer is prepared through a two-step process involving titanium tetrachloride solution, titanium dioxide slurry, and titanium tetrachloride solution. The mesoporous TiO2 layer is created through a spin-coating process followed by calcination. The perovskite light-absorbing layer is prepared by spin-coating lead DMF-doped CsPbBr3 on the TiO2 surface. The cell demonstrates superior stability and efficiency compared to conventional perovskite solar cells, with enhanced durability and reduced degradation rates.

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A lead-free perovskite solar cell with high-quality super-large crystal grains achieved through a novel spin coating method. The process employs a solvent system that combines the conventional solvent effect with a simple heating spin coating technique to control the crystallization of lead-free perovskite thin films. This approach enables the production of high-quality lead-free perovskite films with uniform grain sizes, which is critical for achieving superior device performance and stability in perovskite solar cells.

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Perovskite solar cells with improved stability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. The solar cells employ a novel hole transport layer comprising Spiro-OMeTAD, which replaces traditional liquid electrolytes and organic materials. This Spiro-OMeTAD layer enables enhanced charge carrier transport properties while maintaining superior stability compared to conventional materials. The Spiro-OMeTAD layer is prepared through a simple spin-coating process at room temperature, followed by post-deposition treatment to enhance its performance. The resulting solar cells exhibit enhanced light absorption, improved charge carrier mobility, and reduced production costs.

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High-performance perovskite solar cells with improved light absorption and stability through optimized precursor composition. The method involves precise control of lead xarsenic (PbX2) precursor concentration in the precursor solution, which enables the formation of perovskite layers with reduced grain boundaries and surface roughness. The precursor solution is prepared using formamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, with the PbX2 concentration optimized to 400-500 mg/mL. The resulting perovskite light absorption layer is then transferred to a clean FTO substrate using isopropanol cleaning and drying. The 6,6-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester precursor is applied via spin-coating to achieve a 45nm thickness.

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A method for preparing perovskite solar cells with enhanced light absorption through the incorporation of chain-doped perovskite layers. The method involves preparing a precursor solution containing chain-doped perovskite material, which is then deposited onto a TiO2 (Ti2O3) layer using a two-step spin coating process. The chain-doped perovskite layer enhances light absorption by forming a continuous chain structure that increases the perovskite's optical path length and scattering efficiency. This approach enables significant improvements in solar cell efficiency compared to traditional perovskite solar cells.

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A method for preparing Br-based perovskite films using a low-toxicity anti-solvent that enhances nucleation and crystallization during the spin-coating process. The method involves using ethyl acetate as a dropwise addition solvent to promote perovskite crystallization, followed by thermal annealing to form the film. This approach addresses the limitations of conventional solvents in perovskite synthesis while maintaining low toxicity.

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All-inorganic perovskite solar cell prepared through continuous spin coating, enabling high-performance solar cells with improved stability and efficiency compared to traditional perovskite solar cells. The method involves continuous spin coating of perovskite precursor materials onto a substrate, followed by post-processing treatments to enhance material properties. The resulting solar cells exhibit superior photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability, with potential applications in both solar cells and battery systems.

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Perovskite solar cell with enhanced light irradiation resistance and long-term power generation capability. The cell comprises a transparent support, a transparent conductive layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer, a hole blocking layer, and a back electrode. The back electrode is formed with a metal film, specifically ITO (indium tin oxide), which is applied with a thickness of 200 nm or more. This metal film provides superior light management properties compared to conventional transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) like PEDOT/PSS or PTAA. The ITO film is applied using a spin-coating process, followed by the deposition of the hole transport layer and subsequent perovskite layer. The back electrode is then formed with a metal film, specifically ITO, with a thickness of 350 nm or less. This optimized metal film thickness ensures excellent light absorption and transmission while maintaining the necessary electrical conductivity for efficient solar cell operation.

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A method for fabricating perovskite solar cells that enables large-area uniform perovskite layer formation through a novel spin coating process. The method involves impregnating a substrate with an electron transport layer in a nonpolar solvent containing low-reactivity DMSO, followed by heat treatment. This process enables the formation of uniform perovskite mesophases on substrates of any size, including large-area solar cells, by preventing solvent-induced non-uniformity. The process can be integrated with conventional spin coating techniques to achieve high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.

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A high-efficiency and stable perovskite solar cell prepared in air through an innovative spin-coating method that combines in-situ thermal spin coating with methylamine steam treatment. The method enables continuous and dense perovskite films without the need for inert gas atmospheres, while the steam treatment prevents water and oxygen degradation. This approach addresses the limitations of traditional perovskite preparation methods by creating a local low-humidity atmosphere that promotes film formation while preventing degradation. The resulting perovskite solar cells exhibit improved performance and stability compared to conventional methods.

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High-efficiency perovskite solar cells prepared through a novel doping method that incorporates carbon quantum dots into PCBM electron transport layers. The method involves spin-coating PCBM solution doped with carbon quantum dots on perovskite light absorption layers, followed by annealing to form a PCBM/quantum dot electron transport layer. This approach improves electron transport properties, reduces carrier recombination, and enhances separation of photogenerated carriers within the perovskite layer, leading to higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.

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A method for producing high-efficiency perovskite solar cells through a novel spin coating process that enables uniform thin film formation. The process involves spin-coating a perovskite precursor solution at high speed (2,000-6,000 rpm) followed by a controlled washing step using a fullerene derivative and non-polar solvent. This approach prevents the formation of pinholes and rough surfaces characteristic of conventional spin coating, resulting in a uniform and flat perovskite thin film. The washed film is then heat-treated to form a perovskite layer with enhanced light absorption properties.

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A novel perovskite solar cell light absorption layer preparation method that enables high-efficiency light absorption through a novel precursor solution. The method involves a spin-coating process on a conductive glass substrate with a porous layer, followed by thermal treatment to form a calcium-titanium mineral-based light absorption layer. The precursor solution is prepared by in-situ crystallization of the light absorption layer precursor, allowing for direct incorporation of perovskite material into the light absorption layer structure. This approach enables the creation of light absorption layers with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency compared to conventional methods.

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Method for improving the crystalline quality of perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 thin films through enhanced grain growth. The method involves modifying the spin-coating process to facilitate controlled precipitation of methylamino iodide and lead iodide in the perovskite precursor solution. This controlled precipitation enables the formation of larger crystalline grains during the subsequent annealing process, leading to improved film quality and performance characteristics.

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Enhanced light absorption perovskite thin-film solar cell with improved conversion efficiency through a novel mesoporous layer architecture. The cell features a transparent conductive substrate, electron transport layer, mesoporous layer, perovskite absorption layer, hole transport layer, and electrode. The mesoporous layer incorporates a silver-silica composite nanoparticle coating, which enhances light absorption by reducing transmission losses and improving charge collection efficiency. This architecture enables significant improvements in solar cell efficiency compared to conventional perovskite solar cells.

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A method for producing uniform organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cell absorber layers through single-coating processing. The method employs a solution containing methylammonium iodide (MAI), lead iodide, and sodium chloride to create a uniform absorber layer. The solution is applied to a substrate, where it undergoes selective evaporation through spin coating, spray coating, or other methods. The solution's composition and processing parameters are optimized to achieve uniform film thickness and structure while maintaining the perovskite crystal morphology. This approach enables the production of high-quality absorber layers with consistent optical properties across the solar cell.

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Perovskite solar cell with thermochromic properties that combines visible light absorption with intelligent heat management. The cell incorporates a thin film of rutile phase dioxide on the substrate's non-conductive surface, which enables efficient electrical conductivity while maintaining transparency. The film is deposited through spin coating, followed by electron transport layer deposition, perovskite absorption layer deposition, hole transport layer deposition, and back electrode deposition. This architecture enables the cell to both absorb visible light and regulate heat transfer through thermochromic properties, achieving higher energy efficiency and reduced energy consumption compared to conventional solar cells.

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A method for producing high-performance perovskite solar cells through a two-step deposition process. The method involves first depositing a mesoporous TiO2 substrate on a substrate surface, followed by spin-coating a PbI2 precursor solution onto the TiO2 substrate. The PbI2 precursor solution is then processed to form a photoactive layer comprising cubic perovskite material, followed by deposition of a hole transport layer on the photoactive layer. This process enables the production of perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and low standard deviation.

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Planar perovskite solar cell with improved durability through the incorporation of a CYTOP encapsulation layer. The cell structure involves depositing a metal electrode on the perovskite layer, followed by a CYTOP layer, and finally a hole transport layer. The CYTOP layer is formed through spin coating in an inert atmosphere at a controlled speed of 3000 rpm for 1 minute. This approach enables the creation of a perovskite solar cell with enhanced moisture and oxygen resistance, thereby increasing its operational lifespan.

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A coating solution for perovskite solar cells that enables efficient light absorption through controlled crystallization of the material. The coating solution incorporates silver iodide as a crystallization catalyst that decomposes upon exposure to light, promoting the formation of small PbS nanoparticles. These nanoparticles aggregate to form a uniform CH3NH3PbS light-absorbing layer with improved crystallinity and surface uniformity compared to conventional methods. The coating solution enables the production of high-efficiency perovskite solar cells with enhanced light absorption properties.

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High-efficiency perovskite solar cell with improved electron collection interface through surface treatment of metal oxide electron collectors. The treatment creates hydrophilic surface groups on the metal oxide collector surface, enhancing interfacial bonding between the collector and perovskite light absorber. This surface modification enables efficient electron collection through improved wetting properties of the perovskite layer.

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A solar cell manufacturing method that enables cost-effective production of high-efficiency solar cells through optimized multi-layer perovskite conversion. The method employs a multi-layer approach where a transparent substrate is prepared, followed by the deposition of a metal oxide-based electron transport layer. The substrate is then modified with a perovskite material in a gap between the metal oxide layers, where the perovskite material undergoes multiple spin coating cycles to achieve optimal conversion efficiency. This multi-layer architecture enables precise control over the perovskite material thickness and doping levels, resulting in improved conversion efficiency compared to traditional single-layer approaches.

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Solar cells with improved light absorption using 2D perovskite materials. The cells employ a layered 2D perovskite structure as the light-absorbing layer, which achieves higher absorption compared to conventional 1D perovskites. The layered structure enables efficient light absorption through enhanced exciton separation, while maintaining stability under ambient conditions. The perovskite layer is formed through a one-step spin-coating process, eliminating the need for complex thermal evaporation or multistep deposition.

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A method for preparing perovskite solar cells using a spin-coated perovskite active layer without the need for vacuum deposition or expensive evaporator equipment. The process involves applying a solution containing the perovskite precursor to a substrate, followed by a second solution containing the perovskite material to form the active layer. The active layer is then transferred to a substrate with a conductive material, where a hole or electron transport layer is deposited. This approach enables the fabrication of high-efficiency perovskite solar cells with precise control over the perovskite material properties.

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