Planar Architecture Designs for Perovskite Solar Cells

A method for preparing stable perovskite solar cells with improved electron transport layer performance through a novel coordination modification approach. The method involves creating a compact and defect-free electron transport layer by modifying the surface of perovskite solar cells with a coordination polymer, followed by hydrothermal treatment to enhance SnO2 dispersion and reduce hydroxyl groups. This approach enables the use of inorganic materials like SnO2 in perovskite solar cells while addressing traditional limitations of organic materials in this application.

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Perovskite solar cells with improved durability and efficiency through the use of a novel electrode structure. The cells feature a transparent conductive layer, a dense electron transport material layer, a porous electron transport material layer, and a porous nonconductor oxide layer. The porous nonconductor oxide layer, carbon electrode layer with nickel oxide nanoparticles, and porous nickel oxide layer form a stable and durable structure that prevents degradation from environmental factors. The porous nickel oxide layer fills internal voids, while the porous carbon electrode layer enhances charge transport. The perovskite precursor solution is selectively deposited from the carbon electrode side to form the electron transport layer, ensuring efficient charge collection.

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Double-sided tandem solar cell with improved light absorption at the bottom, enabling higher photoelectric conversion efficiency. The cell comprises a silicon lower cell with a grid electrode on its surface, a perovskite absorption layer with a thickness of 600 nm to 2,000 nm, and a connection layer connecting the lower cell to the perovskite upper cell. The connection layer enables efficient light absorption at the bottom while maintaining high efficiency in the top cell. The cell architecture addresses the conventional limitation of tandem solar cells by maximizing bottom light absorption through the connection layer.

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Trans-thin perovskite solar cells with enhanced light absorption through a photonic crystal heterojunction structure. The cell comprises a transparent conductive substrate, a hole transport layer, a three-dimensional perovskite light-absorbing layer with photonic crystal structure, a hole blocking layer, and a metal electrode. The photonic crystal layer is fabricated through a controlled assembly process of polystyrene beads with titanium dioxide precursor solutions, resulting in a three-dimensional ordered macroporous structure. This architecture enables improved light absorption in the long wavelength range of 600-800nm, while maintaining high efficiency and stability.

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Trans low-dimensional perovskite solar cells with enhanced optoelectronic properties achieved through a novel photonic crystal heterojunction structure. The cells feature a transparent conductive substrate, a space layer of silicon dioxide-titanium dioxide photonic crystal heterojunction, and a hole transport layer. The photonic crystal layer enables improved light absorption and slow light effects, while the silicon dioxide-titanium dioxide heterojunction provides enhanced stability and optical performance. The structure enables high efficiency solar cells with reduced thermal and environmental degradation challenges compared to traditional three-dimensional perovskite materials.

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Perovskite solar cell with enhanced thermal stability through a novel architecture featuring a polymer electrolyte layer with an amine group. The cell incorporates a polymer electrolyte between the perovskite photoactive layer and the electron transport layer, which contains a bromine group. This layer prevents ionic defects from migrating upward, while the amine group in the polymer electrolyte acts as a passivation layer. The cell maintains high efficiency and stability against heat, light, and air exposure, with demonstrated performance retention over 1,000 hours at 85°C and 350 hours at 25°C.

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Perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability and flexibility through a novel barrier layer between the electron transport layer and source electrode. The barrier layer, comprising indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), or other transparent conductive oxides, prevents electrode penetration and ion migration while maintaining device performance. The barrier layer is deposited between the electron transport layer and source electrode, enabling high-efficiency solar cells with reduced degradation rates and improved long-term stability.

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Perovskite solar cell with enhanced durability through a novel transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer. The cell features a perovskite solar cell structure with a transparent conductive oxide layer between the source electrode and electron transport layer. This TCO layer, comprising an organic material with pi-orbital electrons, an element with an unshared electron pair, and an ionic functional group, prevents metal ions from diffusing into the perovskite layer, thereby preventing metal ion corrosion and degradation. The TCO layer also maintains optical transparency while maintaining low sheet resistance, enabling improved performance and stability in perovskite solar cells.

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Perovskite solar cells with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability, achieved through the use of a polymer compound with triarylamine as a repeating unit. The polymer, prepared through Buchwald-Hartwig polymerization, exhibits enhanced light absorption properties and maintains photovoltaic performance even under environmental stress conditions. This polymer serves as a hole transport layer in the perovskite solar cell architecture.

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Planar perovskite solar cells with enhanced efficiency through controlled titanium dioxide (TiO2) electron transport layer preparation. The method employs a chemical water-bath process to prepare TiO2 films with reduced hydrolysis rates, nucleation control, and grain growth regulation. This preparation enables uniform and conformal TiO2 deposition on rough substrates, improving interface contact with perovskite layers. The TiO2 layer is then assembled with a perovskite film, passivation layer, hole transport layer, and metal electrode, resulting in a perovskite solar cell with improved charge transport properties.

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A hole transport material for perovskite solar cells that enhances charge extraction and recombination at the interface through a novel organic chemistry approach. The material, comprising a chemical formula of CxHyZ, enables efficient hole transport while mitigating degradation issues associated with conventional organic hole transport materials. The material's unique structure enables stable charge balance across the perovskite interface, leading to improved power conversion efficiency.

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A printable curved perovskite solar cell that enables flexible integration with various devices. The cell features a curved conductive substrate with a conductive layer deposited on it, followed by sequential deposition of a porous electron transport layer, insulating separation layer, and back electrode layer. The cell's unique architecture allows for precise control over the layer thicknesses and deposition conditions, enabling the creation of curved solar cells with high precision.

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Translucent perovskite solar cells with enhanced visible light transmission and efficiency, enabling building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) applications. The cells achieve superior performance through optimized perovskite active layer composition and buffer layer preparation. The transparent cathode is achieved through a novel silver grid line design, while the ultra-thin metal silver buffer layer is prepared using low-cost thermal evaporation. This approach enables the creation of transparent perovskite solar cells with photoelectric conversion efficiencies of up to 13.61% and average visible transmittance of 24.7%, while maintaining low production costs.

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Solar cells with improved thermal stability through the termination of X-site vacancies in perovskite solar cells. The X-site vacancies near the interface between the perovskite layer and hole transport layer are stabilized by an organic passivation agent, preventing grain boundary defects from desorbing. This agent, with its lone-pair electrons, forms a strong bond with the perovskite compound at these sites, effectively terminating the structural distortion caused by vacancies. The stabilized X-site vacancies enable the perovskite layer to maintain its crystalline structure and optical properties, while the passivation agent improves thermal stability by preventing grain growth and defect formation.

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Perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability through a novel post-treatment approach. The approach involves using a specific organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite capping layer that combines the properties of both organic and inorganic components. This capping layer, comprising a perovskite material with a specific molecular structure, enables improved charge extraction, reduced interface recombination, and stabilized perovskite lattice through its unique electronic and chemical properties. The capping layer enables the perovskite solar cells to achieve high power conversion efficiency (22.06%) while maintaining long-term stability under operational conditions.

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Foldable perovskite solar cells achieve mechanical flexibility through a transparent conductive polymer matrix with embedded carbon nanotubes. The matrix, comprising ultra-thin polymer and carbon nanotubes, serves as a transparent conductor in the solar cell structure. The nanotubes enhance conductivity while maintaining transparency, enabling the solar cell to maintain its bending properties without compromising efficiency. The transparent matrix enables flexible fabrication while maintaining optical transparency, making it suitable for wearable electronics applications.

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Perovskite solar cell with integrated optical microcavity structure that enhances light collection efficiency through controlled light confinement. The cell comprises a substrate, a discontinuous metallic silver thin film layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite active layer, an electron transport layer, and a dense metallic silver thin film layer. The silver thin film layer is strategically integrated into the perovskite active layer to create a microcavity structure that selectively traps light while maintaining efficient charge transport.

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Translucent perovskite solar cells fabricated in air through a novel H-dip coating method that enables large-area production of high-efficiency solar cells. The method employs a self-metered dip coating process that produces uniform perovskite layers on metal nanowire electrodes, eliminating the need for conventional inert gas processing. The coating process, operating in the Landau-Levich mode, allows for precise control of the coating meniscus and surface morphology, resulting in a uniform and homogeneous perovskite film. The H-dip coating method enables the fabrication of large-area solar cells with high efficiency and low material cost, making it an attractive alternative to conventional spray coating methods.

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Perovskite solar cells with all-NP scaffold and perovskite interpenetration, enabling direct deposition of perovskite material on a rigid scaffold structure. The scaffold comprises alternating conductive and insulating layers, with the perovskite material interpenetrating through the scaffold material. This architecture achieves high photocurrents, stability, and renewability through the scaffold's inherent properties, while eliminating the need for organic materials and metal electrodes.

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High-efficiency interconnection layer for perovskite/organic tandem solar cells through a multilayer planar structure comprising conjugated polymer hole transport material, metal oxide hole transport material, conductive electrode layer, and conjugated polymer electron transport material. The interconnection layer enables high transmittance and low composite loss through its multilayer architecture, while maintaining superior performance compared to conventional tandem solar cells.

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