Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

A perovskite solar cell with a double-layer light-absorbing structure that enhances absorption beyond the conventional 1.6 eV bandgap. The cell comprises a perovskite light-absorbing layer (MASnI3) sandwiched between a TiO2 electron transport layer and a CsGeI3 light-absorbing layer. The perovskite layer is prepared using a novel spin coating process that enables efficient deposition of the perovskite material. The double-layer structure combines the benefits of both perovskite light-absorbing layers, allowing for improved absorption beyond the conventional 1.6 eV bandgap, while maintaining high carrier separation and transmission.

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All-inorganic perovskite solar cell with integrated hole and electron transport layers, enabling high-efficiency devices through optimized material combinations. The cell employs nickel oxide as the hole transport layer, which can be engineered through dual-source electron beam evaporation to achieve precise control over its properties. The device also incorporates niobium oxide as the electron transport layer, providing a reliable and efficient path for charge transport. This all-inorganic architecture enables large-scale production of high-performance perovskite solar cells while maintaining their stability and efficiency compared to traditional organic-based devices.

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A lead-free perovskite solar cell with improved efficiency through the use of a bismuth acetate additive. The additive, when incorporated into the perovskite precursor solution, enables controlled crystallization rates that result in larger grain sizes and reduced defect densities. This leads to enhanced carrier transport properties and improved short-circuit current density, enabling higher-performance lead-free perovskite solar cells.

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A solar cell with a pure phase two-dimensional/three-dimensional tin-based perovskite film that achieves high photovoltaic efficiency and stability. The cell features a conductive substrate, hole transport layer, electron transport layer, barrier layer, and metal counter electrode layer, all prepared through a precise and controlled process that incorporates tin-based perovskites. The perovskite film thickness is optimized at 250-300 nanometers, enabling efficient charge transport while maintaining structural integrity. The preparation method involves precise control of spin coating conditions, substrate cleaning, and deposition rates for the perovskite layers.

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Solar cells combining cesium salts and organic aromatic amine salts for hole transport in perovskite solar cells. The solar cells feature a cesium salt as a hole transport layer, with an aromatic amine salt acting as an interface layer to enhance hole transport properties. The cesium salt enables efficient hole transport while the aromatic amine salt facilitates interface modification and interface layer formation. This dual-component approach addresses the limitations of traditional hole transport materials in perovskite solar cells.

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Inversion perovskite solar cells with enhanced efficiency and stability through the controlled passivation of perovskite grain boundaries and surface defects. The solution comprises [4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl phosphonic acid (PFMPA) as an additive material that selectively anchors to grain boundaries and surface defects, forming a thin layer at these interfaces. This phosphonic acid-based passivation layer effectively eliminates deep energy level defects and recombination centers, thereby improving the performance of inverted perovskite solar cells.

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A perovskite solar cell assembly that enables efficient and environmentally friendly tandem solar cells by integrating the perovskite solar cell with a lead-free encapsulation structure. The assembly comprises a perovskite solar cell with a wider bandgap optical path, a polymer encapsulation layer, and a lead-free encapsulation material. The polymer encapsulation layer is mixed with a chelating agent and a solvent, and the encapsulation material is selected from ethylene glycol, diacids, or dimercapto compounds. The polymer encapsulation layer provides a stable and environmentally friendly encapsulation environment for the perovskite solar cell, while the lead-free encapsulation material enables efficient current collection and prevents lead leakage.

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A lead-free perovskite solar cell with high efficiency through a novel hollow structure approach. The cell utilizes a 3D structure where part of the [SnI6]4- cation is absent, creating a hollow network. This structure enables the formation of tin vacancies, which are optimized to reduce defect densities in the perovskite thin film. The absence of the [SnI6]4- cation also facilitates charge transport pathways, improving device performance. The hollow structure enables non-periodic Sn-I bonds, which are essential for the photovoltaic properties of perovskites. By suppressing intragranular defects, the cell achieves higher efficiency compared to conventional lead-free perovskite solar cells.

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Solvent-free all-inorganic perovskite solar cells with controlled growth conditions and improved stability. The cells feature a unique architecture where the light-absorbing layer is integrated into the substrate, with a hole transport layer, BaTiO3 light absorber, BFCO light absorber, and SnO2 electron transport layer. The cell structure includes a conductive glass substrate with an Ag electrode as the negative terminal and a NiO hole transport layer. The cell achieves high efficiency through precise control of growth conditions and element doping ratios.

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A perovskite solar cell assembly that enables efficient and environmentally friendly solar energy conversion while minimizing lead contamination. The assembly comprises a perovskite solar cell with a specially designed encapsulation structure that prevents lead migration during degradation. The encapsulation layer comprises a barrier layer, a tunneling composite layer, and a second barrier layer, which together protect the perovskite layer from environmental degradation while maintaining optimal light absorption. The assembly enables high-efficiency solar conversion while reducing the environmental impact of lead-based perovskite solar cells.

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Perovskite solar cells with improved efficiency through the use of lead-free metal halide perovskites. The perovskites contain tin (Sn) as a lead substitute, which enables enhanced absorption beyond 1000 nm while maintaining device quality. The perovskites achieve higher efficiency than lead-based perovskites through optimized composition and processing conditions. The perovskites can be prepared using a multicomponent approach, with tin replacing lead in binary metal perovskites and achieving higher efficiency than lead-based perovskites. The perovskites can be fabricated through spin coating, inkjet printing, or roll-to-roll processes on glass substrates, including flexible substrates.

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Perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability through a novel post-treatment approach. The approach involves using a specific organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite capping layer that combines the properties of both organic and inorganic components. This capping layer, comprising a perovskite material with a specific molecular structure, enables improved charge extraction, reduced interface recombination, and stabilized perovskite lattice through its unique electronic and chemical properties. The capping layer enables the perovskite solar cells to achieve high power conversion efficiency (22.06%) while maintaining long-term stability under operational conditions.

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A method for optimizing tin-based perovskite solar cells through the incorporation of phenethylamine halide salts as component dopants. The method introduces these dopants into the perovskite intrinsic light-absorbing layer, which enhances crystallization, suppresses non-radiative recombination, and improves defect density. The dopants, specifically phenethylamine hydrogen leaching salts, are incorporated into the perovskite precursor solution, where they optimize film crystallization and suppress energy level mismatches. This approach enables the preparation of tin-based perovskite solar cells with improved stability and power conversion efficiency compared to conventional lead-based perovskites.

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Perovskite solar cells with improved electron transport layer performance through the use of a complexing agent that selectively modifies the tin dioxide electron transport layer. The complexing agent, dipotassium phytate, enhances the optical bandgap of the tin dioxide layer, improves charge extraction and transmission, and promotes perovskite grain growth. This results in a perovskite solar cell with enhanced efficiency of 21.61%, surpassing the efficiency of traditional tin dioxide-based solar cells.

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Lead-free double perovskite solar cells with improved optical absorption and stability. The cell incorporates a titanium dioxide (TiO2) sensitized with a carboxyl chlorophyll derivative (C-Chl) as the electron transport layer. This TiO2-C-Chl hybrid layer enhances absorption by regulating the absorption spectrum, while the C-Chl derivative enables efficient charge transport. The cell architecture includes a transparent conductive glass cathode, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and a metal anode. The TiO2-C-Chl layer replaces the conventional lead-based electron transport layer, offering a lead-free alternative while maintaining high optical absorption and photocurrent.

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High-efficiency and stable inorganic lead-free perovskite solar cell and preparation method through a novel approach to passivating surface defects in all-inorganic lead-free perovskites. The method employs a conductive glass substrate with a thickness of 140-160 nm and a PEDOT:PSS layer thickness of 20-40 nm. The substrate is then sequentially deposited with SnI2, thiourea-type small molecular organics, and CsI to form the perovskite layer. The process involves annealing the perovskite layer to create a stable and efficient solar cell.

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All-inorganic perovskite solar cells with improved photovoltaic performance through the development of a novel interface layer between the perovskite layer and the electrode. The interface layer, comprising a perovskite nanocrystalline material, enables efficient electron-hole separation and charge balance across the device structure. This approach addresses the interface-related issues commonly encountered in perovskite solar cells, particularly in organic-inorganic hybrid systems, by replacing organic cations with inorganic cesium ions in the perovskite layer.

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Perovskite solar cells with improved stability and efficiency through the use of a lead-free light-absorbing material. The material, comprising tin and additives like thiocyanate, achieves uniform particle size and enhanced light absorption while minimizing lead content. The material's surface roughness is controlled to maintain a uniform grain structure, preventing pinhole formation and grain growth. The solar cells employ a conventional perovskite structure with a hole transport layer, perovskite photoactive layer, and electron transport layer, with the light-absorbing material integrated into the perovskite layer.

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A perovskite solar cell with improved stability and environmental sustainability, achieved through a novel preparation method that replaces traditional lead-based perovskites with a double perovskite structure. The cell features a transparent conductive substrate, an electron transport layer, a perovskite absorption layer, a hole transport layer, and a metal electrode. The double perovskite structure enables enhanced light absorption and carrier transport properties, while the preparation method employs a solution process that eliminates lead-based toxic elements. The cell's transparent substrate and flexible design enable deployment on various substrates, including flexible substrates.

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Perovskite solar cells with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through a novel preparation method. The solar cells achieve improved performance by using a specific organic-inorganic hybrid material with a perovskite structure as the light-absorbing layer, in addition to conventional titanium dioxide as the electron transport layer. The novel material composition enables higher carrier mobility and reduced recombination rates, leading to increased conversion efficiency.

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