Improving Electron Transport in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

A dye-sensitized solar cell with improved thermal stability through a novel monolithic structure that integrates a porous insulating layer between the semiconductor layer and counter electrode. The insulating layer contains the electrolyte solution containing the redox couple and pyrazole-based compound, while the semiconductor layer itself contains the dye. This configuration prevents the pyrazole-based compound from degrading due to heat-induced decomposition, while maintaining the cell's performance characteristics. The insulating layer's precise porosity and particle size control ensure optimal electrolyte distribution and cell stability.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced power generation through a novel reflective layer design. The cell features a power generation layer with a thickness of 0.5 μm to 6.5 μm, a reflective layer on at least one surface of the power generation layer, and a second electrode layer on the reflective layer. The reflective layer has a thickness of 0.1 μm to 50 μm and is designed to optimize light absorption while minimizing electrolyte penetration. The cell architecture enables efficient power generation through the selective exposure of the power generation layer to the reflective layer, with the side surfaces of the power generation layer exposed to the reflective layer.

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Fiber dye-sensitized solar cell with high photoelectric conversion efficiency in indoor light environment, comprising vertically grown titanium dioxide nanotube array on a flexible substrate, with titanium dioxide nanoparticles uniformly filling the nanotube gaps and fully adsorbing the dye molecule N719 as the photoanode, and the photoanode is wound with carbon nanotube fibers as the counter electrode.

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A dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced performance through the incorporation of novel additives. The solar cell comprises a photoanode, a counter electrode, an electrolyte, and an assembly of the battery. The photoanode and counter electrode are prepared through conventional methods, while the electrolyte is formulated with specific additives that enhance open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density. The assembly is completed by integrating the photoanode, counter electrode, and electrolyte into a functional solar cell.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced light trapping capabilities through a novel porous semiconductor layer. The cells incorporate a transparent conductive substrate, specifically FTO glass, and a titanium dioxide-based porous semiconductor layer. The porous layer, comprising zinc oxide, niobium pentoxide, or bustard trioxide, provides efficient light absorption while maintaining electrical conductivity. This architecture enables improved charge separation and electron-hole transport, thereby enhancing the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cells.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced electrode structure for improved photoelectric conversion efficiency. The cell features a flexible substrate with integrated conductive and semiconductor layers, where the semiconductor layer is positioned between the conductive layer and the substrate surface. The conductive layer is embedded within the substrate's grooves, creating a conductive path for current collection. The grooves distribute current evenly across the substrate, enhancing current collection efficiency while maintaining structural integrity. The grooves also facilitate dye adsorption and electrolyte penetration through the semiconductor film.

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A photoelectric conversion element and dye-sensitized solar cell that achieve high efficiency, long-wavelength quantum efficiency, and thermal stability through a novel metal complex dye. The dye incorporates a specific six-coordinate structure with bipyridine ligands featuring substituents at the 4-position and a carboxyl group, which enables enhanced light absorption beyond 700 nm. The dye is selectively adsorbed onto semiconductor fine particles with a metal oxide layer, resulting in improved performance characteristics compared to conventional metal complex dyes. The dye-sensitized solar cell achieves conversion efficiency comparable to amorphous silicon while maintaining high external quantum efficiency for long-wavelength light.

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A solar cell design using pulsed laser deposition for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. The cell features a conductive substrate with a dense titanium dioxide layer, followed by a mesoporous layer and a light-scattering layer. The dense layer is prepared through pulsed laser deposition at 320 mJ laser energy and 4 Hz frequency, achieving a thickness of 1.6 mm. The mesoporous layer enhances light scattering while maintaining structural integrity. The light-scattering layer is then coated with N719 dye sensitizer, OPV-AN-I electrolyte, and a Pt counter electrode. This pulsed laser deposition method enables the production of high-efficiency solar cells with improved light scattering properties.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell photoelectrodes with enhanced light conversion efficiency through improved contact area between dye and electrolyte. The novel photoelectrodes feature TiO2 particles with nanochannel structures formed through ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. These nanochannel pathways facilitate efficient dye transport and electrolyte penetration, thereby increasing the contact area between the dye and electrolyte interfaces. This approach enables improved light absorption and electron transfer efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells.

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A method for preparing high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells through a novel approach that enables uniform dispersion of carbon, silver, iron oxide, and heteropoly acid precursors during microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The synthesis process ensures consistent particle size distribution and uniform composition, which is critical for achieving optimal photoelectric performance in dye-sensitized solar cells.

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Organic dye-sensitized solar cell with improved performance and cost-effectiveness. The cell comprises an organic dye-sensitized photoanode, a composite counter electrode, and a gel electrolyte. The counter electrode is fabricated using a conductive polymer matrix, which enhances its electrical conductivity and catalytic activity. The organic dye-sensitized photoanode and gel electrolyte are integrated between the counter electrode layers, enabling efficient electron transfer and improved light absorption. The counter electrode is fabricated through a conductive polymer matrix, which provides superior electrical conductivity and catalytic activity compared to traditional platinum-based counter electrodes. This design enables the production of high-performance organic dye-sensitized solar cells with reduced material costs and environmental impact.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through a novel composite electrode structure. The cell comprises a counter electrode with a platinum layer and a multi-walled carbon nanotube-graphene composite layer, where the composite layer has a high reaction area. This composite layer is formed by acidifying carbon nanotubes and graphene, followed by decane coupling, and then applying the modified material to the platinum layer. The resulting composite counter electrode provides a high surface area for electron transport, while the modified graphene layer enhances charge transport through its porous structure.

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A method for preparing TiO2 NS/graphene composite film dye-sensitized solar cells through a novel approach to enhance the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. The method involves creating TiO2 NS/graphene composite films by combining nanoscale TiO2 nanoparticles with graphene layers, followed by the deposition of these composite films onto a substrate. This composite film structure combines the high surface area of graphene with the stability and light-absorbing properties of TiO2 nanoparticles, resulting in improved dye-sensitized solar cell performance.

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Metal complex dye for dye-sensitized solar cells that enhances photoelectric conversion efficiency and durability through improved ligand design. The dye incorporates a metal ion with a specific oxidation state, combined with a receptor ligand that forms a stable complex with the metal ion. The receptor ligand is specifically designed to form a stable complex with the metal ion, while the ligand itself is a donor ligand that coordinates with the metal ion through a specific ring structure. This combination enables the dye to achieve high photoelectric conversion efficiency and improved durability compared to conventional metal complex dyes.

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A method for preparing a solar cell photoanode that enhances its efficiency through infrared absorption. The method involves using an infrared dye cascade that selectively absorbs infrared radiation, enabling the conversion of this energy into visible light. The cascade comprises a series of infrared-absorbing dyes that are arranged in a specific sequence to maximize absorption in the infrared region. This cascade is incorporated into the photoanode material, where it absorbs infrared radiation and generates visible light through up-conversion. The infrared absorption enables the conversion of a previously underutilized portion of the solar spectrum, significantly improving the overall efficiency of the solar cell.

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High-efficiency dye-sensitized metal oxide solar cell design that uses a triple metal oxide composition for the photoelectrode layer and a scattering layer. The photoelectrode is made of nanoparticles from a ternary metal oxide system like (1-x)SmxO2, where x is a rare earth dopant concentration. This triplet metal oxide composition allows higher efficiency compared to traditional TiO2 by improving electron transport. The scattering layer of microparticles helps capture more light. The cell structure has two electrodes, a sensitized photoelectrode layer, scattering layer, and electrolyte between them.

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Solid dye-sensitized solar cells and modules that enhance light absorption and carrier generation through optimized nanostructured titanium dioxide particle films. The cells employ a novel hole-transporting material in an organic solvent, with the film thickness of the nano-titanium dioxide particles precisely controlled to achieve optimal light absorption and carrier generation. The cells achieve higher photoelectric conversion efficiency compared to conventional solid dye-sensitized solar cells, while maintaining durability and manufacturing complexity.

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A dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through a novel composite counter electrode structure. The cell features a platinum counter electrode with a porous graphene layer, where the graphene is deposited on the platinum surface through an adhesive coating process. The graphene layer creates a three-dimensional network that facilitates electron transport while maintaining the structural integrity of the counter electrode. This design enables efficient electron transfer between the counter electrode and the working electrode, thereby improving the overall solar cell performance.

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A dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through a novel counter electrode design. The cell features a composite electrode comprising a platinum layer and a multi-walled carbon nanotube-graphene composite layer, where the graphene composite layer is specifically engineered to enhance electron transport through its porous structure. This design enables improved electron collection and transport between the electrodes, thereby increasing the overall solar cell efficiency.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced photocurrent density through a novel counter electrode design. The cell incorporates a composite counter electrode featuring a platinum layer with a porous graphene layer, where the graphene layer is created through a controlled graphene slurry application process. The porous graphene layer provides increased surface area for electron transfer while maintaining structural integrity. This design enables improved electron transport pathways and enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency compared to conventional counter electrode materials.

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A hole transport material for dye-sensitized solar cells that improves photoelectric conversion efficiency through enhanced hole transport properties. The material, comprising a compound with the chemical formula (1) and/or (2), is polymerized onto a semiconductor electrode surface to form a conductive polymer film. This polymer film, when combined with a dye adsorbed onto the electrode surface, enables efficient hole transport through photoelectrochemical polymerization or thermal polymerization reactions, thereby reducing photoelectron recombination and enhancing solar cell performance.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through a novel electrode architecture. The cells feature a regular nanoscale semiconductor array electrode with a transparent shell, where the semiconductor material is arranged in a regular pattern to form a uniform electron diffusion channel. The electrode is supported by a platinum layer and connected to the battery cathode. The transparent shell encapsulates the cell, while the semiconductor material is deposited at the electrode corners. This architecture enables efficient electron transport through the regular nanoscale structure, leading to improved conversion efficiency compared to conventional dye-sensitized solar cells.

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A method for enhancing the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by improving their light-to-electron conversion efficiency. The method involves preparing a photoanode by depositing a core-shell nanofiber membrane comprising a titanium dioxide (TiO2) core with a metal oxide shell, specifically zinc oxide (ZnO) or magnesium oxide (MgO), onto a transparent conductive glass substrate. The core-shell nanofiber membrane is fabricated through electrospinning, where the metal oxide shell enhances electron conductivity while maintaining the TiO2 core's structural integrity. This novel core-shell architecture enables improved electron injection and transport across the TiO2 surface, thereby enhancing DSSC performance.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency in low-light conditions. The cell features a semiconductor electrode and a counter electrode with an electrolyte layer between them. The counter electrode contains a transition metal, and the electrolyte layer comprises a specific polyether compound with a specific repeating unit. The polyether compound achieves higher photoelectric conversion efficiency than conventional electrolytes in low-light conditions by optimizing the dye-sensitized solar cell's light absorption properties.

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Solid dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced stability and productivity. The cells feature a semiconductor-based electron transport layer with a porous structure, where dye molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the porous oxide. The dye layer is formed through a novel wet film deposition process that enables efficient dye adsorption and charge transport. The semiconductor layer is formed through a vacuum deposition process that creates a thin, uniform film with high surface area. The combination of these two layers enables improved light absorption and charge transport properties, leading to enhanced solar cell performance.

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A photoelectric conversion element, a dye-sensitized solar cell, metal complex pigment, and pigment solution that achieve high photoelectric conversion efficiency through a novel combination of particulate semiconductor and metal complex pigment. The element features a semiconductor layer with a thickness of less than 100 nm, where the particulate semiconductor supports a metal complex pigment that incorporates a specific ligand. This combination enables photoelectric conversion efficiency comparable to conventional silicon-based solar cells, even when the semiconductor layer is thin.

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A low-cost, high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cell that achieves comparable performance to commercial silicon cells while reducing production costs. The cell employs a novel electrode structure featuring a conductive glass substrate with a thin layer of semiconductor material, titanium dioxide (TiO2) as the active material, and a specific electrolyte composition. The cell's architecture enables efficient charge transfer and light absorption through the TiO2 layer, while the conductive glass substrate provides mechanical stability and electrical connectivity.

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Solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell with improved efficiency through controlled hole transport layer formation. The cell incorporates a block copolymer hole transport layer that is precisely engineered through photoelectric polymerization. The polymerization process is optimized to control the thickness of the block layer, enabling superior conductivity while minimizing recombination. The block copolymer layer is prepared by alternating polymerization steps between two different monomers, with the resulting material exhibiting enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency.

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Hierarchical structure of porous Sn2O4 and TiO2 coated Ag nanoparticles, prepared through a method that enables enhanced light absorption and electron transport properties in dye-sensitized solar cells. The nanomaterials feature a porous structure with Ag nanoparticles dispersed on the surface, where the Ag enhances electron transfer while the porous architecture facilitates light scattering. This composite material exhibits improved light absorption and electron conductivity compared to conventional perovskite materials, making it suitable for applications beyond solar cells.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced efficiency through reduced electrolyte thickness. The cells integrate a charge transfer layer comprising porous titania nanoparticles on the photoelectrode surface, followed by a thin non-conductive nanoparticle layer with controlled thickness. This layer combination enables the electrolyte thickness to be reduced to match the charge transfer layer thickness, thereby shortening ion migration distances and improving short-circuit current density. The non-conductive nanoparticle layer can be made from various materials, including titanium dioxide, silicon carbide, and magnesium oxide, with controlled particle sizes ranging from 20 nm to 1 μm.

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A method for enhancing the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells through the use of flower TiO2 powder and fluorescent quantum dots as light anode materials. The method involves incorporating the flower TiO2 powder and fluorescent quantum dots into the anode structure of a dye-sensitized solar cell, where the TiO2 powder provides photocatalytic properties and the fluorescent quantum dots emit blue and green light. This combination enables improved light absorption and transmission, leading to enhanced solar cell efficiency.

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A photoelectric conversion element and dye-sensitized solar cell that achieves enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency and durability through a novel metal complex pigment. The pigment, which incorporates a specific heterocyclic ring structure, exhibits significantly increased absorption in the photoconductor layer compared to conventional metal complex pigments. This enhanced absorption is achieved through the formation of a specific heteroatom-based ring system that enhances charge transfer properties. The pigment's unique ring structure enables improved charge carrier mobility and reduced recombination, leading to improved photoelectric conversion efficiency and enhanced durability.

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Metal complex dye for dye-sensitized solar cells that achieves both high photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term durability through a novel coordination chemistry. The dye has a specific structure featuring a hydrophobic ligand and a hydrophilic ligand, where the hydrophobic ligand is a salt of a carboxylic acid group. This unique arrangement enables the dye to selectively adsorb onto semiconductor surfaces through hydrophobic interactions, while the hydrophilic ligand prevents water access. The dye's structural design suppresses dye desorption through its hydrophobic side, thereby achieving improved durability compared to conventional hydrophilic dyes.

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A method for improving the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells through surface modification of the semiconductor layer. The method involves creating a two-component coating film containing a combination of group 4B and group 5B transition metal precursors on the surface of the titanium dioxide semiconductor layer. This coating film prevents electrons from being lost to the electrolyte through recombination, while maintaining direct contact between the semiconductor layer and the electrolyte. The coating film is formed through a heat treatment process and is then integrated into the solar cell structure.

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Polyaniline-based transparent electrodes for low-cost, high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells. The electrodes feature a polyaniline-based transparent electrode structure with a titanium dioxide anode, achieved through a simple sol-gel method. The polyaniline electrode exhibits superior electro-catalytic activity and conductivity, enabling efficient photoelectric conversion with an efficiency of up to 8.0%. The transparent electrode architecture enables direct sunlight illumination, while the polyaniline-based material provides the necessary conductivity and electro-catalytic activity for efficient solar cell operation.

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A high open-circuit voltage dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with improved stability and efficiency. The cell comprises a conductive substrate with a NiCo2O4 photoanode containing photosensitizing dye, a P-type photocathode, and an electrolyte between the substrates. The NiCo2O4 photoanode, which is a nickel cobalt oxide material, exhibits enhanced stability and durability compared to conventional N-type semiconductor oxides, enabling higher open-circuit voltages while maintaining excellent performance characteristics.

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A photoelectric element that converts light into electricity through an optimized electron transport layer. The element features a semiconductor material with enhanced electron transport properties and a large reaction interface, enabling efficient light-to-electricity conversion. The semiconductor material comprises a metal, organic semiconductor, inorganic semiconductor, conductive polymer, or conductive carbon layer with specific doping concentrations. The reaction interface is engineered to maximize electron transfer efficiency, resulting in a photovoltaic element with low resistance loss and high conversion efficiency between light and electricity.

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Long-term stable solid dye-sensitized solar cells with improved efficiency by using pyridine-based additives in the hole transport layer. The additives are pyridine compounds selected from specific formulas. They are added to the hole transport material solution before forming the hole transport layer. This provides long-term stability without using volatile additives like Li-TFSI. The pyridine compounds enhance the hole transport properties and stability of the hole transport material. The solid cells can be manufactured without encapsulation since the pyridine additives replace the volatile liquid additives.

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A dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through improved dye absorption and electron transfer properties. The cell incorporates a novel organic dye with multiple donor units that enhance the absorption coefficient and electron mobility in the dye layer. The dye is specifically designed to optimize the absorption spectrum of the dye-sensitized solar cell, particularly in the visible region, while maintaining high electron mobility. The cell structure features a sequential bonding arrangement between the dye layer, the first electrode, and the second electrode, creating a partition wall that enhances electron transfer. The dye layer is positioned on top of the first electrode, with the second electrode and counter electrode positioned below. This arrangement enables efficient electron transfer between the dye and electrodes, leading to improved overall conversion efficiency.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with core-shell nanoparticles that have plasmonic effects to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency. The nanoparticles have a metal core (e.g., gold) coated with a metal oxide shell (e.g., silver oxide). These nanoparticles are incorporated into the transparent electrode of the solar cell. The plasmonic nanoparticles scatter light and excite localized surface plasmons to widen the absorption spectrum of the dye molecules. The nanoparticles also adsorb more dye molecules onto their surfaces, further increasing the effective absorption area.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced light absorption and electron transfer efficiency through a novel titanium dioxide nanostructure. The cells feature a thin film of titanium dioxide on a core-shell composite of tin dioxide nanoparticles and nanotubes, where the core-shell architecture is optimized for electron mobility and light scattering. The nanostructure is achieved through controlled synthesis of tin dioxide nanoparticles, nanotubes, or nanofibers, followed by precise deposition of the titanium dioxide film. This nanostructured titanium dioxide film enables rapid electron transfer, efficient light absorption, and enhanced dye loading, resulting in improved solar cell performance.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced electron mobility and increased energy conversion efficiency through a novel nanostructured electrode design. The cells feature a titanium dioxide nanostructure layer interposed between the photoelectrode and counter electrode, where the nanostructure layer comprises vertically aligned titanium dioxide nanotubes. This nanostructure layer enables efficient electron transfer between the photoelectrode and counter electrode, while the nanostructure layer itself enhances dye adsorption and light absorption. The nanostructure layer thickness is carefully controlled to balance electron mobility and dye absorption, resulting in improved solar cell efficiency.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced performance through a novel composite counter electrode. The cell features a counter electrode comprising a substrate and a composite layer comprising graphene plate and doped metal oxide nanoparticles. The composite layer is applied between the substrate and working electrode, with an electrolyte separating the working and counter electrodes. This configuration enables improved electron transfer efficiency and stability compared to conventional counter electrodes.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with increased surface area for improved efficiency and a method to manufacture it. The cell uses a conductive polymer layer with inverse opal structure in the counter electrode. This provides a large surface area for catalysis without corrosion. The cell structure involves a working electrode, counter electrode filled with electrolyte, and inverse opal conductive polymer layer between them. The inverse opal structure allows high surface area without compromising conductivity. It is made by self-aligning polystyrene particles on a conductive substrate and coating PEDOT:PSS.

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A dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced stability and efficiency through a novel electrode design. The cell features a first electrode with an electron transport layer containing a compound with high electron transport properties, and a second electrode with a compound containing a compound of the formula (X1)1, where X is an atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, or a nitrogen atom, and a nitrogen atom may have an aryl group as a substitution machine. The second electrode is made from a metal oxide that forms a porous layer with a thickness of 100 nm. The porous layer has a large surface area, enabling high light absorption while minimizing charge recombination losses. The design enables the use of conventional semiconductor electrodes while achieving high conversion efficiency and long-term stability through the optimized electrode architecture.

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A method for improving the performance of large-area dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by reducing surface resistance through a novel grid architecture. The method involves printing a conductive grid pattern on the contact surface of the DSSC, followed by a glass protective layer. This grid design enables direct electron transport between the DSSC electrodes while minimizing electron transmission through the DSSC substrate, thereby enhancing the solar cell's photoelectric conversion efficiency.

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A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) subassembly for solar energy conversion that enhances photoelectric conversion efficiency through a novel architecture. The subassembly comprises a substrate with a textured surface, a dye layer, and a cathode layer. The textured surface provides a higher surface area for dye adsorption and charge transfer, while the dye layer is optimized to maximize light absorption. The cathode layer is designed with a specific nanostructure to enhance charge transport and conversion efficiency. The textured surface and optimized cathode layer architecture work together to significantly improve the DSC's overall photoelectric conversion efficiency.

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A method for enhancing the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells by optimizing the thickness of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotitania layers. The approach involves using a novel spin coating process to create TiO2 nanotitania films with controlled thicknesses, specifically targeting the transition from 2 μm to 10-20 μm thicknesses. This enables improved light absorption and carrier generation, leading to enhanced solar cell performance.

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