Techniques for Increasing Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

A cellulose ester derivative passivation layer for solar cells that enhances perovskite stability and efficiency through a novel interface engineering approach. The passivation layer is prepared by depositing cellulose ester derivatives on the perovskite layer, followed by deposition of metal electrodes. The cellulose ester derivatives form a robust barrier layer that protects the perovskite interface from environmental degradation while facilitating charge transfer and reducing non-radiative recombination. This approach addresses the interface issues in perovskite solar cells by creating a uniform, stable interface layer that enables efficient charge transport and reduces defects.

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Morpholine-modified perovskite solar cells with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through the incorporation of morpholine halide doping or surface modification. The morpholine halide selectively modifies perovskite layers while preventing grain boundary recombination centers, thereby improving charge transport and open-circuit voltage. The morpholine structure and halide ions in the morpholine halide selectively interact with perovskite defects, leading to improved solar cell performance.

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Interface modification layer for perovskite solar cells that enables precise control of defect-induced non-radiative recombination. The layer is prepared through controlled spin coating or magnetron sputtering of silane materials with specific functional groups that match the defects at the perovskite absorption layer surface. This layer's chemical structure is engineered to selectively interact with different types of surface defects, thereby reducing carrier recombination and intrinsic degradation. The layer's cross-linked structure prevents water and oxygen penetration while maintaining interface stability under environmental conditions.

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Perovskite nanocrystal thin films that enhance stability and performance of perovskite solar cells through surface modification. The films are prepared by coating a mixed solution containing perovskite nanocrystals and a non-polar organic solvent on a substrate, followed by post-processing with a ligand solution containing a thiol group-containing ligand material. The thiol group-containing ligand material selectively replaces oleic acid and oleylamine ligands on the perovskite surface, forming strong metal-sulfur bonds and passivating the perovskite nanocrystals. This surface modification enables the perovskite nanocrystal thin films to maintain their stability against environmental factors, including heat, moisture, and oxygen, while maintaining their high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

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Polymer interface-modified inverted perovskite solar cells with enhanced photovoltaic performance through the introduction of an electron transmission interface modification layer between the perovskite layer and the electron transport layer. The modification layer, comprising a polymer material, interacts with the perovskite layer to passivate surface defects and reduce non-radiative recombination loss of photogenerated carriers. This layer is hydrophobic, which improves the stability of the perovskite solar cells.

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Long-chain branched alkyl ammonium-modified formamide perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability and durability. The modification layer is prepared between the formamide perovskite active layer and the hole transport layer, and is achieved through a spin-coating process that incorporates long-chain branched alkyl ammonium precursors. This modified layer prevents water-induced degradation while maintaining high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

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A method for preparing perovskite solar cells that improves efficiency and stability through a novel passivation process. The method involves applying a perovskite precursor solution, followed by a first annealing step, and then a passivating agent solution. The passivating agent is applied between the two annealing steps, where the perovskite precursor solution has not yet formed a dense film. The passivating agent, specifically a chlorobenzene solution of P3HT, is then applied to the perovskite film. This dual-step process eliminates the need for a separate passivation step and reduces defects in the perovskite light-absorbing layer. The passivation agent fills atomic defects, stabilizes grain boundaries, and improves carrier transport, resulting in enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability.

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A method for preparing perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability through surface modification. The method introduces a molecular passivation layer, specifically 3-(5-(4-(tertbutyl)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzene (OXD-7), to the perovskite light-absorbing layer. This surface passivation layer prevents carrier recombination and defects, while maintaining the perovskite material's optical properties. The OXD-7 layer effectively neutralizes interface defects and improves device performance through enhanced carrier mobility and reduced recombination rates.

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Perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability through interface engineering. The cell comprises a perovskite layer, hole transport layer, perovskite modification layer, electronic transport layer, hole blocking layer, and top electrode. The perovskite layer is prepared using a phenethylamine phosphite modification layer that significantly improves water and oxygen stability. The modification layer is applied through a single-step process, followed by thermal evaporation of the perovskite layer. This interface engineering approach addresses the stability issues associated with perovskite solar cells, particularly their susceptibility to hydrolysis and degradation in ambient air.

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Passivated perovskite thin-film solar cells with enhanced stability and performance through controlled surface passivation. The passivation layer is prepared by combining a perovskite light-absorbing layer with a passivation agent, which forms a stable interface between the perovskite and the passivation layer. This passivation layer is specifically designed to address the common issues of organic passivation molecules detaching from the perovskite surface under thermal and light conditions, while maintaining strong ionic bonding with the perovskite layer.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced performance through surface modification of the perovskite layer interface. The cell incorporates a P3HT polymer interface layer that selectively modifies the perovskite layer surface, enhancing carrier alignment and moisture barrier properties. This interface modification enables improved interface quality between perovskite and hole transport layers, while maintaining the perovskite's inherent photovoltaic properties. The P3HT layer also prevents water absorption and maintains the perovskite's stability.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability through surface modification. The cell comprises a substrate, hole transport layer, perovskite thin film, vulcanization layer, electron transport layer, and electrode. The perovskite layer is modified with a surface treatment that incorporates a specific organic compound, enhancing its interface properties with the transport layer and metal electrode. This treatment prevents ion diffusion into the perovskite while maintaining its charge transport capabilities. The modified perovskite layer is then encapsulated in a protective encapsulant layer to prevent degradation from environmental factors.

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Fluorine-rich non-hydroxyl MXene additive for perovskite solar cells that improves stability by enhancing carrier transport and nucleation control. The additive comprises fluorine-enriched MXene with no hydroxyl groups, where fluorine content is 20-35% and oxygen content is 5-15%. The MXene is prepared through a novel method that maintains its fluorine-rich surface properties while eliminating hydroxyl groups, enabling its incorporation into perovskite solar cell layers without compromising stability. The MXene's fluorine end groups facilitate hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions with perovskite ion crystals, while its hydrophobic surface prevents water adsorption that can degrade perovskite performance.

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Perovskite solar cells with enhanced environmental stability through interface modification. The modification involves a two-step process: first, a surface treatment of the perovskite active layer with a resin acid interface modification layer, followed by a hole transport layer preparation. This approach addresses the perovskite's water sensitivity by creating a stable interface between the perovskite active layer and hole transport layer. The modification layer is prepared through spin-coating of a resin acid solution onto the perovskite active layer, followed by heat treatment. The resulting interface-modified perovskite solar cells exhibit improved environmental stability compared to conventional perovskite solar cells.

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Perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability through interface modification. The cell comprises a transparent conductive substrate, electron transport layer, perovskite light-absorbing layer, interface modification layer, hole transport layer, and counter electrode. The interface modification layer is prepared between the perovskite light-absorbing layer and hole transport layer, where it selectively passesivates interface defects and improves radiative recombination. The interface modification layer is prepared using fluorine-containing sulfonate anions, which enhance stability by preventing water invasion and improving interface matching between the perovskite light-absorbing layer and hole transport layer.

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A method to enhance the stability of perovskite solar cells by modifying their light-absorbing layer. The method involves coating the perovskite crystal surface with a hydrophobic organosilicon material that selectively interacts with and stabilizes perovskite grain boundaries. This selective binding prevents water and oxygen molecules from penetrating the grain boundaries, thereby reducing degradation of the perovskite layer. The organosilicon material is formulated with a specific concentration range (0.01-1wt%) and volume ratio to optimize its performance in the perovskite solar cell environment.

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A 2D-3D perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability through a novel modification approach. The cell comprises a substrate, electron transport layer, 3D perovskite layer, 2D perovskite modification layer, hole transport layer, and top electrode layer. The 3D perovskite layer is modified with a 4-trifluoromethylphenethylamine iodine (TFP-I) layer, which is prepared through a spin coating process. This modification layer enhances stability by introducing hydrophobic interactions that prevent water penetration into the perovskite layer. The 2D perovskite modification layer is applied on top of the 3D perovskite layer, and the cell is then annealed to improve its stability. The combination of hydrophobic modification and annealing treatment significantly improves the cell's air stability and photoelectric conversion efficiency compared to conventional 3D perovskite solar cells.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability and efficiency through a novel interface modification process. The process involves coating the perovskite photovoltaic device with a specially designed amphiphilic molecule layer that selectively targets and stabilizes surface defects in the perovskite active layer. This modification enables improved electron-hole transport properties and enhanced device stability compared to conventional methods. The amphiphilic molecules are specifically engineered to interact with the perovskite's surface defects, forming a stable interface layer that enhances device performance.

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A perovskite solar cell interfacial layer that enhances device performance through a novel interface layer. The interfacial layer is composed of a methyl methacrylate-n-butyl acrylate copolymer layer that forms a passivating layer between the perovskite and electron transport layer. This copolymer layer contains functional carbonyl groups that coordinate with metal ions at the interface, preventing uncoordinated atoms from forming defects and facilitating carrier passivation. The copolymer layer also exhibits self-healing properties and hydrophobic properties, enhancing device durability and water management.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced optoelectronic performance through a novel passivation layer. The passivation layer, comprising a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a passivation layer, and a hole transport layer, prevents interface degradation and non-radiative recombination while maintaining the perovskite's intrinsic photovoltaic properties. The passivation layer is specifically designed to address both surface and grain boundary defects in the perovskite film, particularly those at the interface between the perovskite and the passivation layer. This dual-passivation approach enables improved stability and performance of perovskite solar cells compared to conventional passivation methods.

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High-stability perovskite solar cells with enhanced performance and durability through a novel passivation approach. The cells incorporate a perovskite material with a passivated grain boundary structure, where organic molecules are arranged to form a flexible pore network between the perovskite grains. This self-assembled pore structure not only prevents grain boundary defects but also enables the controlled adsorption of lead ions, significantly improving device stability. The passivated grain boundaries and pore structure work together to enhance charge transport, carrier mobility, and overall device performance.

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Flexible perovskite solar cells with enhanced bending resistance through a novel buffer layer approach. The method integrates vinyltris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane (VTMES) between the perovskite and hole transport layer, enabling improved mechanical stability and durability of flexible solar cells. The VTMS layer prevents substrate cracking during bending, while its surface modification enhances perovskite crystallization and grain boundary passivation. The optimized VTMS concentration is found to achieve the optimal balance between performance enhancement and structural integrity.

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Perovskite solar cells with improved stability and performance through a novel passivation layer. The layer, comprising a specific organic compound, is applied to the perovskite light-absorbing layer before deposition of the perovskite material. This layer enhances charge transport properties through molecular dipoles, while its precise composition and preparation conditions are optimized to achieve optimal performance. The layer is specifically designed to address the challenges of Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells, particularly the oxidation of the Sn-Pb interface and crystallization rate.

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Interface modification for perovskite solar cells that enhances stability and performance through hydrophobicity control. The modification involves treating the perovskite layer with a hydrophobic material that selectively binds to the perovskite surface, preventing water absorption and degradation. This hydrophobic interface layer is achieved through a novel approach that combines the hydrophobic properties of a specific material with the hydrophobicity of a perovskite-compatible polymer. The hydrophobic interface layer enables controlled water management at the perovskite interface, while maintaining the perovskite's photovoltaic properties.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability through a novel interface modification layer. The cell comprises a bottom substrate, bottom electrode layer, hole transport layer, passivation layer, perovskite photoactive layer, interface modification layer, electron transport layer, buffer layer, and top electrode layer. The interface modification layer incorporates bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethyl chloride, which selectively fills halide vacancies in the perovskite photoactive layer while preventing Pb2+ defects. This dual-functionality improves passivation, hole transport, and overall cell performance by addressing both surface and interface defects in perovskite solar cells.

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Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability and efficiency through interface modification. The modification involves spin-coating a trifluoromethylbenzene-based passivation layer at the interface between the perovskite active layer and hole transport layer. This layer effectively neutralizes surface defects, improves carrier transport, and enhances anti-humidity stability of the perovskite solar cell. The trifluoromethylbenzene layer prevents non-radiative recombination, reduces leakage current, and optimizes carrier extraction and transport at the interface. This approach enables significant improvements in perovskite solar cell performance compared to conventional interfaces.

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Perovskite solar cell with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability through a novel interface engineering approach. The cell features a conductive substrate, electron transport layer, perovskite light-absorbing layer, two-dimensional perovskite modified layer, hole transport layer, and metal electrode stack. The two-dimensional perovskite modified layer is prepared on the perovskite light-absorbing layer, with its chemical composition optimized to eliminate defects caused by metal ion clusters in the perovskite layer. This modified layer enhances charge transport between the perovskite and transport layers, while preventing ion migration and hysteresis. The cell achieves improved conversion efficiency and stability through this interface engineering strategy, which enables more efficient charge transfer and reduced degradation.

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Organoscale phosphonium salt molecules for perovskite solar cells, particularly designed to passivate interface defects through interfacial engineering strategies. The novel salt molecules incorporate electron-rich functional groups to enhance defect passivation at both grain boundaries and surface interfaces, thereby improving power conversion efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability and efficiency through the incorporation of a novel passivation additive. The additive comprises a molecular structure containing sulfonyl, amino, fluorine, and benzene ring groups, which selectively passivates perovskite defects while maintaining hydrophobic properties. This additive enables controlled defect passivation, reduces degradation rates, and improves carrier extraction efficiency in perovskite solar cells. The solar cells achieve high efficiency (25.8%) through the optimized perovskite film preparation.

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A highly stable perovskite solar cell with improved efficiency and durability achieved through the use of maleimide undecanoic acid as a passivation agent. The passivation agent, which contains a long-chain carboxylic acid functional group, is incorporated into the perovskite precursor solution to enhance carrier passivation and moisture resistance. During thermal annealing, the long-chain passivation agent is selectively incorporated onto the surface of the perovskite layer, forming a hydrophobic passivation layer that prevents non-radiative recombination and improves device stability. This approach enables the creation of stable perovskite solar cells with enhanced performance characteristics compared to conventional methods.

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Perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability through a novel interface modification layer. The cell comprises a perovskite light-absorbing layer and an interface modification layer arranged on top of the perovskite light-absorbing layer. The interface modification layer is prepared by reacting a silane coupling agent with a metal alkoxide. This layer improves the stability of the perovskite solar cell by protecting the perovskite layer from water-induced degradation, while maintaining its high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

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Doped perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability and performance through a novel passivation approach. The cells feature a substrate layer, a charge transport layer, a passivation perovskite layer, a second charge transport layer, and an electrode layer. The passivation layer incorporates a self-healing polymer that not only acts as a passivation agent but also enables enhanced grain boundary strength through hydrophobic interactions. This polymer-based passivation layer provides superior wet stability and resistance to water vapor intrusion compared to conventional passivation methods. The perovskite material itself is combined with the polymer to create a self-healing perovskite layer that simultaneously addresses carrier recombination and grain boundary issues. The polymer's polar functional carbonyl groups enable coordination with metal ions at grain boundaries, while its self-healing properties enhance the film's overall durability. This approach enables the creation of high-performance solar cells with improved stability and conversion efficiency.

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A perovskite solar cell comprising a crystalline hydrophobic small molecule and a hydrophobic polymer composite hole transport material, prepared through a novel method that combines transparent conductive glass substrate pretreatment with heat treatment of the composite hole transport layer. The method enables the production of high-performance perovskite solar cells with improved stability compared to conventional methods, while maintaining the advantages of organic polymer hole transport materials.

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A high-stability perovskite solar cell film that enhances the durability of perovskite solar cells through a novel interface layer. The film comprises a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a benzoyl cyanide solution modified and formed and packaged, and a hydrophobic interface layer. The interface layer protects the perovskite film from environmental degradation by forming a hydrophobic barrier that prevents water and humidity from penetrating the perovskite layer. This interface layer is specifically designed to prevent dissolution and phase decomposition of the perovskite material during exposure to environmental conditions.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability through hydrophobic modification. The cell incorporates a NH4NO3-based hydrophobic layer as an interface modification, which prevents water-induced degradation of the perovskite film. This hydrophobic layer forms a protective barrier against moisture and humidity, significantly improving the device's performance and stability in humid environments. The NH4NO3 layer effectively slows down the degradation rate of the perovskite film, enabling higher power conversion efficiency and longer device lifetimes.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability and efficiency through an interface modification layer. The layer comprises an amine compound containing a cyclic group, which is applied to the perovskite surface through a simple spin coating process. This modification layer effectively suppresses surface defects and grain boundaries, leading to improved photovoltaic performance. The layer thickness can be tailored to optimize the balance between stability and charge transport properties. The solar cell architecture includes a base layer, electron transport layer, perovskite light absorption layer, interface modification layer, and hole transport layer.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability achieved through interface engineering between perovskite layers. The cell incorporates a stabilized perovskite solar cell architecture where a specific organic interface layer is applied between the perovskite layers. This interface layer, comprising a formal structure or trans structure, prevents perovskite degradation through interface-related defects while maintaining efficient charge transport. The interface layer is prepared through a specific chemical modification of the perovskite material, enabling the creation of stable perovskite solar cells with improved performance characteristics.

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Perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability through a super-hydrophobic encapsulation layer. The cell features a perovskite active layer encapsulated by a novel, super-hydrophobic polymer layer comprising 1H, 1H, 2H-perfluorodecyl mercaptan. This encapsulation layer prevents water and light-induced degradation of the perovskite material, while maintaining its photovoltaic properties. The encapsulation layer is fabricated through a simple, low-temperature process that enables direct integration with the perovskite active layer.

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Passivating perovskite solar cells through multifunctional triphenylamine derivatives that simultaneously address defects, energy level matching, and hydrophobicity. The passivation process involves spin-coating the triphenylamine derivative onto perovskite surfaces, followed by treatment with isopropanol. The resulting surface modification enhances perovskite performance by reducing grain boundaries and interface defects, improving charge carrier transport, and stabilizing the material through hydrophobic interactions. This approach enables high-efficiency solar cells with improved stability and carrier dynamics.

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Inverted gradient bulk heterojunction perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability and environmental sustainability. The cell features a Ga2O3-based protective layer that utilizes atomic layer deposition to create a wide bandgap tunneling barrier between the perovskite and electrode. The protective layer is formed through a controlled deposition process that precisely controls the thickness and composition of the Ga2O3 layer, ensuring optimal performance while minimizing environmental impact. The cell's preparation method involves the use of green and non-toxic solvents, such as ethyl acetate, to dissolve the necessary amount of cyclic electron acceptor, which is incorporated into the perovskite film. This approach eliminates the need for toxic solvents commonly used in traditional perovskite synthesis. The cell's architecture incorporates an inverted structure with a Ga2O3-based protective layer, which prevents water vapor and oxygen from directly interacting with the perovskite, thereby enhancing device stability and performance.

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Perovskite solar cell with hydrophobic interface layer TBA-Azo and preparation method through a simple solution process. The TBA-Azo material, with its unique hydrophobic structure, enables stable interface layer formation in perovskite solar cells while preventing Pb aggregation. The solution process involves dissolving TBA-Azo in a solvent, followed by deposition of the hydrophobic layer onto the perovskite surface. This approach enables high-performance perovskite solar cells with improved stability compared to conventional interface layers.

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A method for enhancing the performance and stability of all-inorganic perovskite solar cells through the application of functional polymers. The method involves incorporating functional polymers into the perovskite light-absorbing layer, which improves hydrophobicity and passivation of perovskite crystal defects. The functional polymers, such as Lewis acid or base polymers, enhance the perovskite's hydrophobicity and passivation properties, leading to improved long-term stability and photoelectric conversion efficiency.

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Passivated perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability through a novel preparation method. The method involves creating perovskite solar cells with a specific composition and processing conditions that prevent degradation under environmental stressors. The novel composition and processing conditions enable the formation of perovskite solar cells with higher stability compared to conventional perovskite solar cells.

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Enhancing the stability and performance of perovskite solar cells through a novel method that incorporates a specific additive into the precursor solution. The additive, a hydrophobic molecule with tert-butyl groups, enhances the crystallization and morphology of the perovskite material, particularly in the CH3NH3I phase, while also protecting the material against water vapor-induced degradation. This combination provides improved humidity resistance and photoelectric performance, while maintaining the perovskite's inherent advantages in terms of solution preparation and flexibility.

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Highly hydrophobic perovskite film for perovskite solar cells that enhances stability through surface modification. The film incorporates a pyridine compound solution that is modified to create a hydrophobic interface between the perovskite layer and the external surface. This hydrophobic layer prevents water and air exposure, significantly improving the durability of perovskite solar cells.

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Method for preparing stable perovskite solar cell light-absorbing layers through the use of organic silicon nanoparticles as dispersants and protective films. The method enables the formation of uniform and durable light-absorbing layers by incorporating silicon nanoparticles as dispersants to create a smooth surface, followed by the application of hydrophobic silicon films to enhance moisture and UV resistance. This approach addresses the common issues of surface defects and degradation in perovskite solar cell light-absorbing layers.

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Large-area perovskite solar cell with enhanced durability through an interlayer design. The cell incorporates an interlayer layer between the organic charge transport layer and the perovskite layer, which addresses the surface coverage issue in conventional perovskite solar cells. The interlayer layer enables uniform perovskite film deposition over large areas while maintaining device stability and performance. The interlayer layer also prevents hygroscopic degradation of the perovskite layer, allowing for continuous operation over extended exposure times.

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A stable perovskite solar cell with improved water resistance and durability. The cell incorporates a hydrophobic interface layer between the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the electron-transporting layer, which prevents water-induced degradation. This hydrophobic interface layer is formed through a novel process involving the synthesis of perovskite materials with incorporated hydrophobic components. The resulting solar cell exhibits enhanced stability in air compared to conventional perovskite solar cells, with improved performance characteristics.

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Hydrophobic perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability through the incorporation of long alkyl chain hydrophobic molecules in the perovskite precursor solution. The method involves adding n-octyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS) to the perovskite precursor solution, which significantly improves the hydrophobicity and water resistance of the perovskite film. This results in improved film-forming quality, enhanced stability, and increased efficiency of the perovskite solar cells under controlled humidity conditions.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability in humid environments through interface modification. The cell incorporates a conductive glass layer, dense titanium dioxide film, porous titanium dioxide film, methylamine lead iodide polycrystalline film, and a hole transport layer. The interface between the methylamine lead iodide polycrystalline film and the titanium dioxide film is modified with a long-chain alkylsilane coupling agent, which forms a hydrophobic layer that prevents perovskite degradation while maintaining electron transmission. This dual-function interface modification improves the cell's stability and efficiency under humid conditions.

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