Fabrication Methods for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

A method for improving Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) using natural pigments and electrolytes. The method involves extracting and preparing natural pigments like xanthophylls, chlorophylls, and carotenoids from plant sources, and using them as electrolytes in DSSC cells. The natural pigments enhance DSSC performance by reducing the environmental impact of conventional dye-based electrolytes. The method also employs nanostructured semi-conductive oxide coatings on electrodes, and electrolyte solutions with varying concentrations of iodine and potassium iodide. These modifications improve DSSC efficiency while maintaining its environmental sustainability.

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Manufacturing method for dye-sensitized solar cells that enhances dye adsorption and reduces contamination risks. The method involves creating a porous semiconductor layer with a dye that is selectively adsorbed to the layer, followed by a drying step to precipitate the dye. The semiconductor layer is then integrated with a transparent conductive layer and a counter electrode, with the dye solution being dropped onto the semiconductor layer during the drying process. The method prevents chemical adsorption during the immersion process and maintains the dye within the semiconductor layer during the drying step, ensuring efficient dye incorporation and maintaining cell performance.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with improved efficiency, stability, and durability compared to traditional solar cells. The dye-sensitized solar cell uses a dye layer with an array of oxidized nanocrystals containing superconductor particles. The dye absorbs light and injects electrons into the oxide nanocrystal array. The electrons are collected and transported to the positive electrode. The superconductor particles enhance electron transport and reduce recombination losses. The dye-sensitized solar cell also has improved stability and durability due to the superconductor particles. A preparation method involves mixing dye with a proppant in a ratio of 1:1 to 1:3 and dispersing superconductor particles in the dye-proppant mixture.

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Double-sided light-receiving dye-sensitized solar cells that enhance photoelectric conversion efficiency through optimized electrode architecture. The cells feature a transparent substrate with a working electrode positioned between two transparent substrates, each containing a semiconductor layer with varying particle sizes. This arrangement enables improved light transmission through the transparent substrates while maintaining the working electrode in a controlled environment. The semiconductor layers are designed with specific thicknesses and average particle sizes to optimize charge transport and collection.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced photovoltaic conversion efficiency through optimized nanostructure design. The cell features a zinc oxide nanopillar layer integrated into the photoelectrode structure, where the nanopillars enhance electron transport and increase dye adsorption. The nanopillars are fabricated through a controlled deposition process, including radio frequency sputtering and hydrothermal treatment, to achieve precise control over their dimensions and surface properties. The nanopillar layer is combined with a porous semiconductor layer and a transparent conductive film to create a highly efficient solar cell architecture. The cell achieves improved photovoltaic conversion efficiency through its optimized nanostructure and optimized redox potential of the electrolyte.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with improved efficiency achieved by doping the photoanode with magnetic ferroelectric material bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3). The doped photoanode provides a built-in electric field throughout the ferroelectric material that can replace the built-in field of traditional solar cells. This allows electrons and holes excited by light in any part of the ferroelectric to contribute to the photovoltaic voltage, improving cell performance. The best doping ratio for BiFeO3 in the photoanode is 3%.

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A dye-sensitized solar cell with improved performance by using a co-adsorbent with hydroxyl groups on the hydrocarbon chain for the dye sensitizer. The co-adsorbent, which is a linear fatty acid with 10 or more carbon atoms, is adsorbed along with the dye on the inorganic semiconductor layer of the photoelectrode. This enhances the dye-sensitized solar cell's power generation efficiency compared to using just the dye.

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A method for enhancing the open-circuit voltage of dye-sensitized solar cells through the use of a specific electrolyte composition. The method involves creating a dye-sensitive solution with a unique electrolyte composition that incorporates 1,2-dimethyl-3-ethylimidazole iodide, iodine, lithium iodide, and tert-butyl pyridine. This electrolyte composition is specifically designed to enhance the open-circuit voltage of dye-sensitized solar cells by optimizing the charge carrier dynamics and electron transport. The electrolyte composition enables the formation of a high-voltage dye-sensitized solar cell with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency compared to conventional electrolyte compositions.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through the use of polymer gel electrolyte and specific nanostructured semiconductor layers. The cell employs a polymer gel electrolyte sandwiched between a porous semiconductor layer comprising titanium dioxide nanoparticles and titanium dioxide nanoflowers, which are grown through a controlled hydrothermal process. The nanoflower structure provides increased surface area and light absorption while maintaining stability, while the nanoparticles enhance light absorption and charge transport. The cell architecture enables improved energy conversion through optimized light absorption and charge collection.

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A dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced performance and reliability at high temperatures. The cell features a solid electrolyte precursor that maintains its solid state at elevated temperatures, eliminating the need for liquid electrolyte. The solid electrolyte precursor is prepared by mixing 1,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide, iodine, and polyethylene glycol in acetonitrile. The resulting solid electrolyte precursor is then filled into the solar cell, where it forms a solid electrolyte layer sandwiched between the electrode and counter electrode. The solid electrolyte layer contains a polymer compound existing in a solid state at ordinary temperature and pressure, which enables high power generation performance at elevated temperatures without the degradation issues associated with liquid electrolytes.

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A composite thin-film dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced open-circuit voltage and improved photovoltaic performance. The cell comprises a thin-film electrode assembly, a photoelectrochemical layer, and a conductive oxide layer. The assembly is fabricated through a novel process involving the sequential deposition of a photoelectrochemical layer and a conductive oxide layer on a substrate, followed by the deposition of a thin-film electrode assembly. This assembly enables the creation of a composite electrode structure with improved charge transport properties and enhanced open-circuit voltage.

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A dye-sensitized solar cell that achieves higher photoelectric conversion efficiency through a novel metallic nano-particle layer. The cell comprises an electrode, a semiconductor layer with dye molecules, a metallic nano-particle layer on a side of the semiconductor layer, and a counter electrode on a side of the metallic nano-particle layer. The metallic nano-particle layer is formed by ink-jet printing, vacuum evaporation, or micro-contact printing on a side of the semiconductor layer away from the electrode. This layer enhances charge transfer efficiency by exploiting the plasmon effect of metallic nano-particles, which significantly widens the linear absorption spectrum of the dye molecules and improves charge transfer from the dye molecules to the semiconductor layer.

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A multi-type dye-sensitized solar cell that enhances stability and efficiency through the use of multiple sensitizing dyes. The cell comprises a semiconductor layer, a dye layer, and a protective layer, where the semiconductor layer is immersed in a dye solution, multiple spaced arrangements of the semiconductor layer are grown on the substrate, a conductive electrolyte is applied, a protective layer is deposited, and the solar cell is formed by stacking the semiconductor layer, dye layer, and protective layer. The solar cell undergoes a specific processing step to enhance its stability and efficiency.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through a novel dye structure. The cell comprises a semiconductor layer on a titanium dioxide-based dye layer, with a counter electrode and electrolyte between. The dye layer incorporates two carbazole molecules with strong electron donors, which significantly increases the dye's absorption coefficient and electron mobility. The cell's structure includes a barrier rib to seal the interface between the dye layer and counter electrode, enabling efficient electron transfer. The dye layer's molecular design enables improved light absorption and electron transfer properties, resulting in enhanced solar cell efficiency.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced dye adsorption and electron mobility achieved through a novel titanium dioxide semiconductor composition. The composition comprises a silica and nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide semiconductor, where the silica and nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide semiconductor comprises grapheme between the titanium dioxide particles. This composition enables improved dye adsorption and electron mobility compared to conventional titanium dioxide photoelectrodes, leading to higher solar conversion efficiency.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with high photoelectric conversion efficiency through a novel electrode design. The cell features a photoelectrode substrate made from anatase-type titanium oxide, which is formed through a surface treatment process that includes titanium nitride deposition followed by anodization. The titanium oxide layer serves as the photoelectrode surface, while a current-collecting electrode is strategically positioned to facilitate efficient electron flow. The design enables high power conversion efficiency through reduced electrode resistance, while maintaining high light transmission.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through a novel electrolyte composition. The cells employ an electrolyte solution containing 0.6 mol/L 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, 0.03 mol/L iodine, 0.5 mol/L t-butylpyridine, 0.05 mol/L guanidine thiocyanate, and 0.05 mol/L lithium iodide in acetonitrile solution. This composition provides improved charge transport properties and enhanced light absorption characteristics, leading to higher open-circuit voltage and improved conversion efficiency compared to conventional dye-sensitized solar cells.

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A method for manufacturing a dye-sensitized solar cell that enables rapid formation of the light absorption layer through a low-temperature process. The method involves pressing a metal oxide paste between electrodes, where the paste is heated to a temperature range of 80°C to 90°C to facilitate dye adsorption onto the metal oxide surface. This process enables the formation of a light absorption layer in a single step, eliminating the need for separate metal oxide layer formation and dye deposition steps. The process can be performed at temperatures as low as 100°C or less, making it suitable for plastic substrates.

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A method for preparing dye-sensitized solar cells that achieves higher photoelectric conversion rates and broader spectral coverage compared to conventional DSSCs. The method involves modifying the dye layer through a series of chemical reactions, starting with cyclodextrin and 4-propoxychlorobutane, followed by bromination and chlorination, and then forming a titanium oxide film. The modified dye layer is then incorporated into the titanium oxide film, enabling enhanced light absorption across the visible spectrum. This approach enables DSSCs with photoelectric conversion rates of up to 45% and infrared light absorption, making them suitable for applications requiring both high efficiency and broad spectral coverage.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with improved photocurrent and efficiency through nanostructured semiconductor layer formation. The cell comprises a transparent conductive substrate, a nanostructured semiconductor layer, and a catalytic layer on the second substrate. The nanostructured semiconductor layer is created through electrophoretic deposition, and the catalytic layer is formed on the second substrate. The electrolyte is positioned between the substrates, enabling efficient charge transfer between the nanostructured semiconductor layer and the catalytic layer. This architecture enhances photocurrent density and conversion efficiency compared to conventional dye-sensitized solar cells.

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