Fabrication Methods for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

A method for improving Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) using natural pigments and electrolytes. The method involves extracting and preparing natural pigments like xanthophylls, chlorophylls, and carotenoids from plant sources, and using them as electrolytes in DSSC cells. The natural pigments enhance DSSC performance by reducing the environmental impact of conventional dye-based electrolytes. The method also employs nanostructured semi-conductive oxide coatings on electrodes, and electrolyte solutions with varying concentrations of iodine and potassium iodide. These modifications improve DSSC efficiency while maintaining its environmental sustainability.

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Manufacturing method for dye-sensitized solar cells that enhances dye adsorption and reduces contamination risks. The method involves creating a porous semiconductor layer with a dye that is selectively adsorbed to the layer, followed by a drying step to precipitate the dye. The semiconductor layer is then integrated with a transparent conductive layer and a counter electrode, with the dye solution being dropped onto the semiconductor layer during the drying process. The method prevents chemical adsorption during the immersion process and maintains the dye within the semiconductor layer during the drying step, ensuring efficient dye incorporation and maintaining cell performance.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with improved efficiency, stability, and durability compared to traditional solar cells. The dye-sensitized solar cell uses a dye layer with an array of oxidized nanocrystals containing superconductor particles. The dye absorbs light and injects electrons into the oxide nanocrystal array. The electrons are collected and transported to the positive electrode. The superconductor particles enhance electron transport and reduce recombination losses. The dye-sensitized solar cell also has improved stability and durability due to the superconductor particles. A preparation method involves mixing dye with a proppant in a ratio of 1:1 to 1:3 and dispersing superconductor particles in the dye-proppant mixture.

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Double-sided light-receiving dye-sensitized solar cells that enhance photoelectric conversion efficiency through optimized electrode architecture. The cells feature a transparent substrate with a working electrode positioned between two transparent substrates, each containing a semiconductor layer with varying particle sizes. This arrangement enables improved light transmission through the transparent substrates while maintaining the working electrode in a controlled environment. The semiconductor layers are designed with specific thicknesses and average particle sizes to optimize charge transport and collection.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced photovoltaic conversion efficiency through optimized nanostructure design. The cell features a zinc oxide nanopillar layer integrated into the photoelectrode structure, where the nanopillars enhance electron transport and increase dye adsorption. The nanopillars are fabricated through a controlled deposition process, including radio frequency sputtering and hydrothermal treatment, to achieve precise control over their dimensions and surface properties. The nanopillar layer is combined with a porous semiconductor layer and a transparent conductive film to create a highly efficient solar cell architecture. The cell achieves improved photovoltaic conversion efficiency through its optimized nanostructure and optimized redox potential of the electrolyte.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with improved efficiency achieved by doping the photoanode with magnetic ferroelectric material bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3). The doped photoanode provides a built-in electric field throughout the ferroelectric material that can replace the built-in field of traditional solar cells. This allows electrons and holes excited by light in any part of the ferroelectric to contribute to the photovoltaic voltage, improving cell performance. The best doping ratio for BiFeO3 in the photoanode is 3%.

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A dye-sensitized solar cell with improved performance by using a co-adsorbent with hydroxyl groups on the hydrocarbon chain for the dye sensitizer. The co-adsorbent, which is a linear fatty acid with 10 or more carbon atoms, is adsorbed along with the dye on the inorganic semiconductor layer of the photoelectrode. This enhances the dye-sensitized solar cell's power generation efficiency compared to using just the dye.

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A method for enhancing the open-circuit voltage of dye-sensitized solar cells through the use of a specific electrolyte composition. The method involves creating a dye-sensitive solution with a unique electrolyte composition that incorporates 1,2-dimethyl-3-ethylimidazole iodide, iodine, lithium iodide, and tert-butyl pyridine. This electrolyte composition is specifically designed to enhance the open-circuit voltage of dye-sensitized solar cells by optimizing the charge carrier dynamics and electron transport. The electrolyte composition enables the formation of a high-voltage dye-sensitized solar cell with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency compared to conventional electrolyte compositions.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through the use of polymer gel electrolyte and specific nanostructured semiconductor layers. The cell employs a polymer gel electrolyte sandwiched between a porous semiconductor layer comprising titanium dioxide nanoparticles and titanium dioxide nanoflowers, which are grown through a controlled hydrothermal process. The nanoflower structure provides increased surface area and light absorption while maintaining stability, while the nanoparticles enhance light absorption and charge transport. The cell architecture enables improved energy conversion through optimized light absorption and charge collection.

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A dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced performance and reliability at high temperatures. The cell features a solid electrolyte precursor that maintains its solid state at elevated temperatures, eliminating the need for liquid electrolyte. The solid electrolyte precursor is prepared by mixing 1,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide, iodine, and polyethylene glycol in acetonitrile. The resulting solid electrolyte precursor is then filled into the solar cell, where it forms a solid electrolyte layer sandwiched between the electrode and counter electrode. The solid electrolyte layer contains a polymer compound existing in a solid state at ordinary temperature and pressure, which enables high power generation performance at elevated temperatures without the degradation issues associated with liquid electrolytes.

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A composite thin-film dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced open-circuit voltage and improved photovoltaic performance. The cell comprises a thin-film electrode assembly, a photoelectrochemical layer, and a conductive oxide layer. The assembly is fabricated through a novel process involving the sequential deposition of a photoelectrochemical layer and a conductive oxide layer on a substrate, followed by the deposition of a thin-film electrode assembly. This assembly enables the creation of a composite electrode structure with improved charge transport properties and enhanced open-circuit voltage.

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A dye-sensitized solar cell that achieves higher photoelectric conversion efficiency through a novel metallic nano-particle layer. The cell comprises an electrode, a semiconductor layer with dye molecules, a metallic nano-particle layer on a side of the semiconductor layer, and a counter electrode on a side of the metallic nano-particle layer. The metallic nano-particle layer is formed by ink-jet printing, vacuum evaporation, or micro-contact printing on a side of the semiconductor layer away from the electrode. This layer enhances charge transfer efficiency by exploiting the plasmon effect of metallic nano-particles, which significantly widens the linear absorption spectrum of the dye molecules and improves charge transfer from the dye molecules to the semiconductor layer.

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A multi-type dye-sensitized solar cell that enhances stability and efficiency through the use of multiple sensitizing dyes. The cell comprises a semiconductor layer, a dye layer, and a protective layer, where the semiconductor layer is immersed in a dye solution, multiple spaced arrangements of the semiconductor layer are grown on the substrate, a conductive electrolyte is applied, a protective layer is deposited, and the solar cell is formed by stacking the semiconductor layer, dye layer, and protective layer. The solar cell undergoes a specific processing step to enhance its stability and efficiency.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through a novel dye structure. The cell comprises a semiconductor layer on a titanium dioxide-based dye layer, with a counter electrode and electrolyte between. The dye layer incorporates two carbazole molecules with strong electron donors, which significantly increases the dye's absorption coefficient and electron mobility. The cell's structure includes a barrier rib to seal the interface between the dye layer and counter electrode, enabling efficient electron transfer. The dye layer's molecular design enables improved light absorption and electron transfer properties, resulting in enhanced solar cell efficiency.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced dye adsorption and electron mobility achieved through a novel titanium dioxide semiconductor composition. The composition comprises a silica and nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide semiconductor, where the silica and nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide semiconductor comprises grapheme between the titanium dioxide particles. This composition enables improved dye adsorption and electron mobility compared to conventional titanium dioxide photoelectrodes, leading to higher solar conversion efficiency.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with high photoelectric conversion efficiency through a novel electrode design. The cell features a photoelectrode substrate made from anatase-type titanium oxide, which is formed through a surface treatment process that includes titanium nitride deposition followed by anodization. The titanium oxide layer serves as the photoelectrode surface, while a current-collecting electrode is strategically positioned to facilitate efficient electron flow. The design enables high power conversion efficiency through reduced electrode resistance, while maintaining high light transmission.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through a novel electrolyte composition. The cells employ an electrolyte solution containing 0.6 mol/L 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, 0.03 mol/L iodine, 0.5 mol/L t-butylpyridine, 0.05 mol/L guanidine thiocyanate, and 0.05 mol/L lithium iodide in acetonitrile solution. This composition provides improved charge transport properties and enhanced light absorption characteristics, leading to higher open-circuit voltage and improved conversion efficiency compared to conventional dye-sensitized solar cells.

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A method for manufacturing a dye-sensitized solar cell that enables rapid formation of the light absorption layer through a low-temperature process. The method involves pressing a metal oxide paste between electrodes, where the paste is heated to a temperature range of 80°C to 90°C to facilitate dye adsorption onto the metal oxide surface. This process enables the formation of a light absorption layer in a single step, eliminating the need for separate metal oxide layer formation and dye deposition steps. The process can be performed at temperatures as low as 100°C or less, making it suitable for plastic substrates.

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A method for preparing dye-sensitized solar cells that achieves higher photoelectric conversion rates and broader spectral coverage compared to conventional DSSCs. The method involves modifying the dye layer through a series of chemical reactions, starting with cyclodextrin and 4-propoxychlorobutane, followed by bromination and chlorination, and then forming a titanium oxide film. The modified dye layer is then incorporated into the titanium oxide film, enabling enhanced light absorption across the visible spectrum. This approach enables DSSCs with photoelectric conversion rates of up to 45% and infrared light absorption, making them suitable for applications requiring both high efficiency and broad spectral coverage.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with improved photocurrent and efficiency through nanostructured semiconductor layer formation. The cell comprises a transparent conductive substrate, a nanostructured semiconductor layer, and a catalytic layer on the second substrate. The nanostructured semiconductor layer is created through electrophoretic deposition, and the catalytic layer is formed on the second substrate. The electrolyte is positioned between the substrates, enabling efficient charge transfer between the nanostructured semiconductor layer and the catalytic layer. This architecture enhances photocurrent density and conversion efficiency compared to conventional dye-sensitized solar cells.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with improved efficiency and stability using a tungsten oxide nanowire core-shell structure and a glass bead coating on the photoanode. The solar cell has a tungsten oxide nanowire grown on the transparent electrode with a tungsten oxide core and a titanium oxide shell. A glass bead is then coated on the bottom of the nanowire. This design reduces electron recombination compared to using just TiO2 nanoparticles. It also improves stability by preventing electrolyte corrosion compared to using only FTO electrodes. The glass bead coating also helps with light scattering. The antifreeze n-propanol is added to the electrolyte.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced flexibility and durability through a novel adhesive layer. The cell features a transparent electrode with a conductive hot-melt adhesive layer that is applied to both sides of the electrode. This adhesive layer forms a strong bond between the electrode and a flexible substrate, while the nanostructured semiconductor oxide is deposited on the adhesive layer. The adhesive layer is then laminated with the nano-structured oxide, creating a durable bond that maintains the solar cell's optical and electrical properties.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced sealing and durability through a novel encapsulation process. The cells feature a unique architecture where the positive electrode is fabricated on a conductive substrate with integrated micropores, while the negative electrode is produced on a separate substrate. The encapsulation material, comprising a solvent-resistant and temperature-resistant sealant, is applied to the substrate interfaces. This approach enables the creation of sealed cells with improved mechanical integrity and reduced packaging complexity compared to conventional methods. The sealing process involves static curing at elevated temperatures, ensuring the sealant maintains its integrity during the manufacturing process.

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A dye-sensitized solar cell structure that addresses the power efficiency limitations of traditional dye-sensitized solar cells. The invention introduces a novel electrode design that combines the advantages of dye-sensitized electrodes with a more efficient solid electrolyte system. The solid electrolyte replaces the liquid electrolyte in the traditional dye-sensitized cell architecture, enabling higher power density while maintaining the same level of light absorption. This design enables the creation of solar cells with significantly improved power conversion efficiency compared to conventional dye-sensitized cells.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced flexibility and durability through surface modification of metal substrates. The method involves creating a hydrophilic surface on metal substrates using atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment, followed by deposition of semiconductor electrodes and electrolyte. The metal surface modification layer enhances hydrophilic properties, enabling stable contact between the metal substrate and electrolyte. This approach enables the production of flexible solar cells with improved mechanical properties compared to traditional FTO glass substrates.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced durability through a novel bonding approach. The cell features a transparent electrode and counter electrode separated by a flexible substrate, with a thermoset adhesive layer applied to the substrate. The adhesive layer is then laminated with a nanostructured semiconductor oxide, which is then selectively oxidized at low temperatures. The resulting oxide layer forms a strong bond with the substrate, enabling the solar cell to maintain its optical properties even when bent or flexed.

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Solid dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced stability and productivity. The cells feature a semiconductor-based electron transport layer with a porous structure, where dye molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the porous oxide. The dye layer is formed through a novel wet film deposition process that enables efficient dye adsorption and charge transport. The semiconductor layer is formed through a vacuum deposition process that creates a thin, uniform film with high surface area. The combination of these two layers enables improved light absorption and charge transport properties, leading to enhanced solar cell performance.

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Transparent composite electrode substrate for dye-sensitized solar cells that enhances energy conversion efficiency through selective absorption of light. The substrate comprises a transparent conductive polyaniline film modified with quantum dots or phosphorus-doped 2D materials, which are engineered to optimize absorption of specific spectral ranges. The modified polyaniline film prevents direct contact with the electrolyte, while the quantum dots or phosphorus-doped 2D materials selectively absorb light at optimal wavelengths, maximizing solar energy capture. This approach enables high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced light absorption capabilities.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through optimized light absorption and electron transfer. The cells feature a light absorption layer comprising a scattering layer and catalyst particles, where the catalyst particles are specifically selected to enhance electron mobility. The scattering layer is comprised of conductive particles, while the catalyst particles are dispersed and contacted on the scattering layer. This arrangement enables efficient light absorption and electron transfer across the solar cell, leading to improved conversion efficiency compared to conventional methods.

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Flexible dye-sensitized solar cell with a metal substrate coated on both sides, enabling high-efficiency solar panels with reduced material complexity. The cell features a metal substrate with a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer on both sides, which is applied using laser or thermal embossing. The TCO layer serves as the electrode, while the metal substrate provides structural integrity. The cell's primary sealing mechanism involves a barrier layer between the TCO and dye layer, with a transparent electrode facing the dye layer. This design enables flexible manufacturing while maintaining high efficiency and environmental sustainability.

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Tungsten disulfide and molybdenum disulfide-based electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells that exhibit enhanced catalytic activity and cost-effectiveness. The electrodes are prepared through a novel dispersion process that combines nanocrystalline TiO2 nanoparticles with carbon nanoparticles, resulting in a uniform dispersion system. This dispersion enables the formation of high-performance electrodes with improved catalytic properties compared to traditional Pt-based electrodes. The electrodes can be used as active materials in dye-sensitized solar cells, enabling the development of more efficient and cost-effective solar energy conversion systems.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced light absorption through surface plasmon-enhanced absorption, achieved through the incorporation of core-shell nanoparticles with a semiconductor thin film core and shell. The nanoparticles, prepared through a sol-gel process, selectively adsorb dye molecules onto the semiconductor surface, creating a nanostructured interface that significantly increases light absorption efficiency. The resulting solar cells feature transparent electrodes, a counter electrode, and a nanostructured semiconductor film, enabling efficient conversion of solar radiation into electrical energy.

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A photoelectric conversion element and dye-sensitized solar cell that achieves enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency and durability through a novel metal complex pigment. The pigment, which incorporates a specific heterocyclic ring structure, exhibits significantly increased absorption in the photoconductor layer compared to conventional metal complex pigments. This enhanced absorption is achieved through the formation of a specific heteroatom-based ring system that enhances charge transfer properties. The pigment's unique ring structure enables improved charge carrier mobility and reduced recombination, leading to improved photoelectric conversion efficiency and enhanced durability.

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A dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through improved dye absorption and electron transfer properties. The cell incorporates a novel organic dye with multiple donor units that enhance the absorption coefficient and electron mobility in the dye layer. The dye is specifically designed to optimize the absorption spectrum of the dye-sensitized solar cell, particularly in the visible region, while maintaining high electron mobility. The cell structure features a sequential bonding arrangement between the dye layer, the first electrode, and the second electrode, creating a partition wall that enhances electron transfer. The dye layer is positioned on top of the first electrode, with the second electrode and counter electrode positioned below. This arrangement enables efficient electron transfer between the dye and electrodes, leading to improved overall conversion efficiency.

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A method for manufacturing a dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced moisture resistance through controlled dye adsorption. The method involves forming a porous semiconductor layer on a transparent substrate with a conductive layer, then supporting a sensitizing dye on the semiconductor surface at a specific temperature range. This controlled adsorption process enables the dye to maintain its photovoltaic properties while preventing moisture infiltration, resulting in improved solar cell performance.

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A photoelectrode for dye-sensitized solar cells that enhances adhesion between the photoelectric conversion layer and the light-transmitting substrate while maintaining low resistance. The electrode features an adhesion layer comprising electroconductive particles and a metal alkoxide coating, with the photoelectric conversion layer supported by a sensitizing dye on a semiconductor material. This configuration provides improved adhesion properties compared to conventional electrodes, while maintaining the necessary conductivity for efficient solar cell performance.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with core-shell nanoparticles that have plasmonic effects to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency. The nanoparticles have a metal core (e.g., gold) coated with a metal oxide shell (e.g., silver oxide). These nanoparticles are incorporated into the transparent electrode of the solar cell. The plasmonic nanoparticles scatter light and excite localized surface plasmons to widen the absorption spectrum of the dye molecules. The nanoparticles also adsorb more dye molecules onto their surfaces, further increasing the effective absorption area.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced bonding between nano-semiconductor oxide and transparent electrode, achieved through a novel adhesive layer process. The cell features a transparent electrode with a conductive hot melt resin adhesive layer, followed by a nano-semiconductor oxide layer with a controlled thermal bonding process. The adhesive layer is specifically designed to melt at temperatures below 120°C, ensuring reliable bonding between the electrode and oxide layers. This approach enables the solar cell to maintain its optical transparency while achieving superior electrical performance.

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Flexible dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced durability and environmental sustainability. The cells feature a polymer substrate with a silver-coated front surface, laser-patterning of the silver layer, and a transparent carbon-based barrier layer. The barrier layer is then coated with an aluminum layer and a titanium dioxide layer, forming a primary sealing wall. The cells are sealed with a polyethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) layer, with a secondary sealing layer applied to the electrode surfaces. The EVA layer provides additional protection against environmental factors while maintaining the solar cell's electrical performance.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced durability and photoelectric performance through a novel counter electrode design. The cells feature a platinum counter electrode with a semiconductor layer and a counter electrode at opposite positions, sandwiched between a charge transfer layer containing an iodine redox couple and a thioester-containing compound. The thioester compound with a nitrogen atom and a positively charged group forms a stable iodine redox couple with the iodide ions in the electrolyte, significantly improving the cell's long-term stability compared to conventional counter electrodes.

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A dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced thermal resistance, high fill factor, and high light conversion efficiency. The cell features a positive electrode with a conductive polymer layer that comprises a polymer derived from substituted thiophenes and an anion with molecular weight 200 or more, with a thickness between 100 nm and 10000 nm. This polymer layer, prepared through a wet process, exhibits superior thermal stability and conductivity compared to conventional Pt-based catalyst layers. The polymer layer's unique composition enables efficient electron transfer while maintaining high electron mobility, resulting in improved solar cell performance.

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A method for manufacturing a dye-sensitized solar cell that improves light absorption and conversion efficiency through the combination of a dye with specific absorption characteristics and an organic dye with unique charge transfer properties. The dye with a carboxyl group as a fixing group is used in the semiconductor layer, while an organic dye with a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compound acts as an association inhibitor. The organic dye enhances light absorption in the short wavelength region, while the association inhibitor prevents electron transfer between the organic dye and the semiconductor layer, thereby maintaining efficient charge transfer.

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Flexible dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced durability and processing flexibility. The cells feature a uniform dense layer on a conductive plastic substrate, followed by a porous semiconductor layer, and a dye layer. The dye layer is formed through a novel ultrasonic preparation process, and the electrolyte is deposited on the dye layer. A catalytic electrode is created on the plastic substrate, and a reflective layer is applied to the second substrate. The flexible solar cell is formed by joining the two substrates, enabling applications in flexible displays and wearable electronics.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with improved durability and water resistance through a novel electrode design. The cell features a counter electrode with a sealed cathode electrode, where the dye is bonded to the cathode surface. The sealed counter electrode prevents moisture penetration while maintaining the dye's stability in the aqueous electrolyte solution. This design enables the cell to operate in both aqueous and non-aqueous environments, making it suitable for water-friendly applications.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced power conversion efficiency through optimized electrode design. The cell features a transparent substrate with a porous semiconductor layer containing a dye-sensitive material, followed by a current-collecting electrode with through-holes. A second dye-sensitive layer is deposited on the current-collecting electrode, and a catalyst electrode is formed. An electrolyte material is introduced between the substrate and catalyst electrode, enabling efficient electron transfer between the dye layers and the electrode. This design addresses the limitations of conventional dye-sensitized solar cells by creating a continuous pathway for electron transport between the dye layers and the electrode.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through a novel titanium substrate approach. The cell employs a titanium substrate with anatase-type titanium oxide as the photoelectrode, which is formed through anodization of titanium nitride. This titanium oxide layer exhibits superior photoelectric properties compared to conventional titanium oxide layers, enabling higher photoconversion efficiency. The titanium substrate provides a transparent conductive film with reduced electrical resistance, while the anatase-type titanium oxide layer ensures efficient light absorption. The cell achieves high power conversion efficiency through optimized electrode design and processing conditions.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced light absorption through a novel nanostructure approach. The cell features a TiO2 nanostructure electrode layer with a refractive index difference between the two layers, achieved through controlled TiCl4 treatment. This enables the formation of a nanostructure with a higher refractive index in the TiO2 layer, significantly increasing light absorption beyond the conventional TiO2 thickness. The treatment enables denser TiO2 structures, while maintaining the necessary TiO2 porosity for efficient charge transport. The cell achieves improved short-circuit current density through the enhanced light absorption.

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