Nanomaterials for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

A method for enhancing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells through the use of metal-organic framework (MOF) modified titanium dioxide (TiO2) photoanodes. The method involves coating TiO2 with MOF layers that selectively adsorb light-absorbing dyes, thereby improving the material's ability to absorb visible light. This selective dye adsorption enables the TiO2 photoanode to exhibit higher photoelectric conversion efficiency compared to conventional TiO2-based materials. The MOF layers can be prepared through a sol-gel process, allowing for the precise control of dye adsorption properties.

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A method for improving the stability of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) through the incorporation of boron-modified titanium dioxide (TiO2) in the photoanode. The method involves replacing some of the titanium atoms in the TiO2 lattice with boron atoms to form Ti-OB bonds, which enhances the photoelectric performance of the powder while maintaining its structural integrity. The boron-modified TiO2 photoanode exhibits improved stability compared to conventional TiO2 photoanodes, enabling longer-term operation and enhanced light absorption efficiency in DSSCs.

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Fiber dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced indoor light conversion efficiency. The cell comprises a titanium wire substrate, vertically aligned titanium dioxide nanotube arrays grown on its surface, and a uniform titanium dioxide nanoparticle filling in the nanotube gaps. The nanotube arrays are formed through controlled growth of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the substrate surface, with optimized conditions for high dye loading density and efficient electron transport. The nanotube arrays serve as the photoanode, while carbon nanotube fibers form the counter electrode. The cell is assembled within a flexible transparent plastic tube filled with a low-iodine concentration electrolyte. This configuration enables superior performance in indoor light environments compared to traditional fiber dye-sensitized solar cells.

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A solar cell photoanode comprising a composite structure comprising graphene and titanium dioxide nanowires, where the graphene and titanium dioxide nanowires are grown on a titanium dioxide nanoparticle template. The composite structure is assembled onto a titanium dioxide nanoparticle template, with the graphene and titanium dioxide nanowires forming a three-dimensional network structure. This composite structure enhances electron transfer efficiency and suppresses charge recombination through the graphene and titanium dioxide nanowires.

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A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) with enhanced light-harvesting efficiency through a novel TiO2 nanocrystallite aggregates-nanoparticles composite film. The composite film comprises nanoparticles with average size of 20 nm and micron-sized aggregates of 0.4-0.6 pm, combined with 80% TiO2 nanocrystallites aggregates and 20% TiO2 nanoparticles. The composite film achieves peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7-10% under simulated AM 1.5 conditions, with a peak current density of 220 mA/cm². The composite film enables efficient light absorption and electron transport across the DSC, overcoming the limitations of conventional TiO2-based DSCs.

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NiCo2Se4 hollow spherical multi-level structure material for optoelectronic devices, particularly as a counter electrode in quasi-solid dye-sensitized solar cells. The material exhibits high catalytic activity, conductivity, and specific surface area, enabling efficient electron transfer and water electrolysis. The hollow spherical structure provides a unique pathway for electron circulation, while the multi-level architecture enhances photocatalytic performance. The material can be prepared through a two-step method involving template synthesis and hydrothermal processing.

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A solar cell photoanode that enhances dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) performance by incorporating TiO2 nanowires (NWs) into a TiO2 nanoparticle (NP) composite structure. The composite structure combines the high surface area and charge transport capabilities of TiO2 NWs with the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 NP. The TiO2 NWs are prepared through a controlled nucleation and growth process, while the TiO2 NP is synthesized through a sol-gel method. The composite TiO2 NWs/TiO2 NP structure is then incorporated into the DSSC photoanode, where the TiO2 NWs enhance electron collection efficiency while the TiO2 NP enhances photocatalytic activity.

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A core-shell hollow material for dye-sensitive solar cells that enhances upconversion efficiency through a novel plasmonic-enhanced structure. The material comprises a core-shell assembly of rare-earth-doped upconversion nanocrystals encapsulated within a hollow core, where the hollow core is formed through the hydrolysis of a surfactant. The hollow structure enables efficient far-field scattering of light from the upconversion centers, while the plasmonic effect of the precious metal nanoparticles enhances their luminescence. This hybrid structure addresses the spectral mismatch between the solar spectrum and the upconversion spectrum, thereby significantly improving the conversion efficiency of dye-sensitive solar cells.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through the use of polymer gel electrolyte and specific nanostructured semiconductor layers. The cell employs a polymer gel electrolyte sandwiched between a porous semiconductor layer comprising titanium dioxide nanoparticles and titanium dioxide nanoflowers, which are grown through a controlled hydrothermal process. The nanoflower structure provides increased surface area and light absorption while maintaining stability, while the nanoparticles enhance light absorption and charge transport. The cell architecture enables improved energy conversion through optimized light absorption and charge collection.

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Graphite phase carbon nitride nanosheet interface layer for dye-sensitized solar cells that improves photoelectric conversion efficiency by reducing recombination and back transfer through a novel interface between transparent conductive substrates and oxide films. The nanosheet layer, comprising a graphite phase carbon nitride material, enables efficient electron transfer and suppresses electrolyte back transfer while maintaining high photoelectric conversion rates.

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A solar cell design that enhances light absorption and conversion efficiency through a novel counter electrode structure. The cell incorporates a sensitized metal oxide solar cell (MOSE) with a counter electrode made from a graphene-based composite containing rare-earth elements. The counter electrode, comprising Zr nanoparticles, enables improved light absorption and conversion compared to traditional platinum-based electrodes. This design enables higher solar-to-electricity conversion rates while maintaining cost competitiveness with conventional solar cells.

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One-dimensional ultra-long TiO2 nanorod array prepared by hydrothermal method for dye-sensitized solar cells. The array has uniform height, high surface area, and excellent electron transport properties, enabling efficient charge transport and regeneration in DSSCs. The array is produced through a controlled hydrothermal synthesis process that enables mass production of uniform TiO2 nanorods with high crystallinity and stability.

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Composite nanostructure photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells to increase efficiency by maximizing light absorption. The photoanode has three layers: a ZnO nanowire layer, a WO3 particle layer, and a TiO2 particle layer. The ZnO layer absorbs dye and separates charges, the WO3 layer scatters light to reach the inner ZnO, and the TiO2 layer absorbs more light. This composite structure absorbs more sunlight compared to just TiO2, improving light harvesting efficiency and overall conversion efficiency.

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A photoanode scattering layer for dye-sensitized solar cells that enhances light scattering and improves photoelectric conversion efficiency. The scattering layer comprises a polyacid/titanium dioxide composite nanorod with a polyacid content of 20% by weight. The polyacid enhances the scattering efficiency of the composite nanorod, while maintaining its photocatalytic activity. This layer can be prepared through a simple solution processing method, enabling high-performance solar cells with improved light scattering properties.

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A method for preparing high-performance dye-sensitized solar cell photoanode materials through the controlled synthesis of TiO2 colloids with enhanced surface area and structural characteristics. The method involves the preparation of TiO2 colloids with specific surface area and particle size distributions, followed by their conversion into a photoanode material through a controlled polymerization process. The photoanode material exhibits superior dye absorption and electron transport properties, enabling enhanced solar cell efficiency compared to conventional TiO2-based photoanodes.

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Method for preparing a photoanode of a dye-sensitized solar cell with enhanced light absorption and electron transfer efficiency. The method involves creating a graded TiO2 photoanode film with a nanostructured surface that incorporates silver nanoparticles. The nanostructured surface enhances light absorption and electron transfer through surface plasmon resonance effects, leading to improved photovoltaic performance compared to conventional TiO2 photoanodes.

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A method for preparing TiO2 NS/graphene composite film dye-sensitized solar cells through a novel approach to enhance the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. The method involves creating TiO2 NS/graphene composite films by combining nanoscale TiO2 nanoparticles with graphene layers, followed by the deposition of these composite films onto a substrate. This composite film structure combines the high surface area of graphene with the stability and light-absorbing properties of TiO2 nanoparticles, resulting in improved dye-sensitized solar cell performance.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced efficiency through direct contact between the semiconductor layer and the anode. The solar cells feature a semiconductor layer deposited on the anode, where the semiconductor material is selected from TiO2/ZnO/CdS, TiO2/ZnO/CdSe, TiO2/ZnO/PbS, TiO2/ZnO/PbSe, TiO2/ZnS/CdSe, TiO2/ZnS/PbS, TiO2/ZnS/PbSe, WO3/ZnO/CdSe, Nb2O5/ZnO/CdSe, and combinations thereof. The semiconductor layer comprises nanocomposite particles, where the nanocomposite particles are selected from the group consisting of TiO2/ZnO/CdS, TiO2/ZnO/CdSe, TiO2/ZnO/PbS, TiO2/ZnO/PbSe, TiO2/ZnS/CdSe, TiO2/ZnS/PbS, TiO2/ZnS/PbSe, WO3/ZnO/CdSe, Nb2O5/ZnO/CdSe, and combinations

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A light-scattering layer for dye-sensitized solar cells that enhances light absorption by creating a nanostructured optical path. The layer comprises a P25 nanocrystalline thin film and a hollow TiO2 nanotube sphere layer stacked in this order. The TiO2 nanotube sphere layer, with its hollow structure, provides a highly efficient light scattering path while the P25 thin film enhances light absorption through its high surface area. The TiO2 nanotube sphere layer is specifically designed with radially arranged TiO2 nanotubes, creating a highly efficient optical path for light scattering.

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High-efficiency dye-sensitized metal oxide solar cell design that uses a triple metal oxide composition for the photoelectrode layer and a scattering layer. The photoelectrode is made of nanoparticles from a ternary metal oxide system like (1-x)SmxO2, where x is a rare earth dopant concentration. This triplet metal oxide composition allows higher efficiency compared to traditional TiO2 by improving electron transport. The scattering layer of microparticles helps capture more light. The cell structure has two electrodes, a sensitized photoelectrode layer, scattering layer, and electrolyte between them.

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Preparation of uniform TiO2 hollow microspheres with enhanced surface area and scattering properties for dye-sensitized solar cells. The microspheres achieve a specific surface area of up to 200 m2 through a synergistic surfactant approach, while maintaining their uniform morphology. This preparation enables improved light absorption and charge transport in dye-sensitized solar cells, with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency compared to conventional TiO2 microspheres.

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A method for preparing a titanium dioxide nanorod-gold hollow sphere-CdS composite photoanode that enables controlled synthesis of nanostructured photoanodes through a simple, non-thermal deposition process. The method employs a woven fabric deposition technique to synthesize charged nano-gold particles, which are then combined with titanium dioxide nanorods and cadmium selenide (CdS) to form a composite photoanode. This approach enables precise control over the nanostructure and composition of the photoanode, leading to improved photocurrent performance compared to traditional methods.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced light conversion efficiency achieved through the creation of nanochannel structures within TiO2 photoelectrodes. The novel approach involves forming nanochannels within TiO2 particles through ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, which enables improved dye penetration and electrolyte access. This results in increased photocurrent and improved light-to-electron conversion efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell photoanode with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through the use of TiCl4 post-treated A1203 nanocrystalline thin film as the light anode. The post-treatment involves heating the A1203 film in a TiCl4 aqueous solution followed by sintering. This treatment improves the photoanode's surface area and adsorption capacity, while maintaining its high purity. The resulting nano-sized Al203 particles on the surface of the TiCl4-treated A1203 film exhibit continuous electron transport, enhancing the solar cell's electron injection efficiency. The TiCl4 treatment also enables the formation of a thin, uniform Ti203 layer on the A1203 surface, which further improves the solar cell's photoelectric conversion efficiency.

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A sponge-like TiO2/ZnO porous nanowire material for dye-sensitized solar cells, prepared through a novel electrostatic spray method. The material comprises TiO2/ZnO nanowires with a sponge-like structure, where the nanowires are dispersed in a uniform suspension and then electrostatically sprayed to form the porous structure. This method enables the production of uniform, porous nanowires with controlled pore sizes, which can be further modified to enhance dye adsorption and electron transport properties.

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A high-performance dye-sensitized solar cell photoanode with enhanced current density and efficiency through the incorporation of a Nb-doped SrTiOx nanostructure. The photoanode features a transparent conductive glass substrate with a layer of Nb-doped SrTiOx on the conductive glass surface. The Nb-doped SrTiOx layer, with a thickness of 1-7 nm, is composed of 5% Nb-doped SrTiOx and 95% TiO2. The Nb-doped SrTiOx enhances electron mobility and separation kinetics, while the TiO2 provides transparency. The photoanode achieves high short-circuit current density and photoelectric conversion efficiency through optimized doping and nanostructure design.

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A method for enhancing the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by improving their light-to-electron conversion efficiency. The method involves preparing a photoanode by depositing a core-shell nanofiber membrane comprising a titanium dioxide (TiO2) core with a metal oxide shell, specifically zinc oxide (ZnO) or magnesium oxide (MgO), onto a transparent conductive glass substrate. The core-shell nanofiber membrane is fabricated through electrospinning, where the metal oxide shell enhances electron conductivity while maintaining the TiO2 core's structural integrity. This novel core-shell architecture enables improved electron injection and transport across the TiO2 surface, thereby enhancing DSSC performance.

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Titanium dioxide nanocrystalline particles with controlled diameter for enhanced solar cell performance. The particles have ethoxy ligands with diameters between 30-100 nanometers, enabling precise control of bandgap properties. The particles are prepared through a novel synthesis method that maintains their integrity during the ligand exchange process, allowing for continuous bandgap variation. This enables the creation of solar cells with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency, while maintaining the benefits of colloidal quantum dots.

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Hierarchical structure of porous Sn2O4 and TiO2 coated Ag nanoparticles, prepared through a method that enables enhanced light absorption and electron transport properties in dye-sensitized solar cells. The nanomaterials feature a porous structure with Ag nanoparticles dispersed on the surface, where the Ag enhances electron transfer while the porous architecture facilitates light scattering. This composite material exhibits improved light absorption and electron conductivity compared to conventional perovskite materials, making it suitable for applications beyond solar cells.

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A low-energy dye-sensitized solar cell photoanode for high-efficiency solar cells that enables efficient use of low-energy dyes. The photoanode is prepared by doping titanium dioxide nanoparticles with metal or non-metal elements, which shifts the energy level structure to achieve a lower conductive bottom energy level. This modification enables the use of dyes with lower excited states, significantly improving solar cell efficiency. The photoanode preparation involves a two-step process: first, creating titanium dioxide nanoparticles with controlled doping levels, and second, forming the photoanode by incorporating these doped nanoparticles into a solution. The resulting photoanode exhibits improved open-circuit voltage and fill factor compared to conventional titanium dioxide-based photoanodes.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced light absorption through surface plasmon-enhanced absorption, achieved through the incorporation of core-shell nanoparticles with a semiconductor thin film core and shell. The nanoparticles, prepared through a sol-gel process, selectively adsorb dye molecules onto the semiconductor surface, creating a nanostructured interface that significantly increases light absorption efficiency. The resulting solar cells feature transparent electrodes, a counter electrode, and a nanostructured semiconductor film, enabling efficient conversion of solar radiation into electrical energy.

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A method for enhancing the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells through the use of flower TiO2 powder and fluorescent quantum dots as light anode materials. The method involves incorporating the flower TiO2 powder and fluorescent quantum dots into the anode structure of a dye-sensitized solar cell, where the TiO2 powder provides photocatalytic properties and the fluorescent quantum dots emit blue and green light. This combination enables improved light absorption and transmission, leading to enhanced solar cell efficiency.

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Porous ZnO nanocrystalline films, preparation method, and hollow sphere structure for dye-sensitized solar cells, particularly for light anode applications. The method involves growing porous hollow spheres of ZnO nanocrystals on a conductive substrate, followed by deposition of Pt electrodes and electrolyte solution. The porous structure enables enhanced light absorption and utilization through its hollow cavity, while the Pt electrodes facilitate electron transfer. The hollow structure traps incident light, significantly improving photoelectric conversion efficiency compared to conventional ZnO anode materials.

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A novel iron oxide nanorod composite for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) that addresses the limitations of conventional anode materials. The composite consists of iron oxide nanorods with tailored surface area and structural defects, which are specifically engineered to enhance electron transport and light transmission properties. The nanorods' unique morphology and defect distribution enable efficient electron transfer and optical absorption, while their surface area is optimized for efficient dye adsorption and liquid passage. This composite material provides improved photoelectric conversion efficiency compared to conventional DSSC anodes.

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A three-dimensional nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) mesh material for dye-sensitized solar cells that enhances photocurrent density and conversion efficiency. The mesh structure, comprising a conductive TiO2 coating on glass FT0 and a TiO2 coating composition, is prepared through a web-based process. The TiO2 coating thickness ranges from 4-8 mm, with a mass ratio of 1:1 with the TiO2 content. This nanostructured TiO2 mesh material provides a bridge between particles, improves electron transfer resistance, and captures absorbed light energy, leading to improved photocurrent density and conversion efficiency compared to conventional TiO2-based anodes.

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Graphene-based dye-sensitized solar cell anode preparation method that addresses the limitations of conventional methods. The method employs a graphene-based electrode material with uniform pore size distribution, achieved through controlled graphene dispersion and mixing with inorganic nanoparticles. The resulting composite electrode exhibits enhanced light absorption, improved charge transport, and increased surface area compared to traditional methods. This approach enables the creation of high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells with improved light conversion efficiency.

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A gold-doped titanium dioxide composite film for dye-sensitized solar cells that enhances photocurrent and efficiency beyond conventional methods. The film comprises gold nanoparticles in a titanium dioxide matrix with controlled particle sizes and weight fractions, achieving a thickness of 2-10 μm. The gold content is optimized to maintain an anatase structure while maintaining high surface area. The composite film exhibits improved photocurrent, open-circuit voltage, and light energy conversion efficiency compared to conventional methods.

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A method for synthesizing Nb5+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with high efficiency for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) through a one-pot process. The method involves creating Nb5+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles through a simple and cost-effective synthesis route that eliminates the need for complex multi-step hydrothermal processes. The Nb5+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit improved light absorption, electron injection, and charge recombination suppression compared to undoped TiO2, leading to enhanced DSSC performance. The synthesized Nb5+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles can be directly incorporated into DSSC electrodes, enabling high-efficiency solar cells with improved light-harvesting capabilities and reduced charge recombination.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with core-shell nanoparticles that have plasmonic effects to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency. The nanoparticles have a metal core (e.g., gold) coated with a metal oxide shell (e.g., silver oxide). These nanoparticles are incorporated into the transparent electrode of the solar cell. The plasmonic nanoparticles scatter light and excite localized surface plasmons to widen the absorption spectrum of the dye molecules. The nanoparticles also adsorb more dye molecules onto their surfaces, further increasing the effective absorption area.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced light absorption and electron transfer efficiency through a novel titanium dioxide nanostructure. The cells feature a thin film of titanium dioxide on a core-shell composite of tin dioxide nanoparticles and nanotubes, where the core-shell architecture is optimized for electron mobility and light scattering. The nanostructure is achieved through controlled synthesis of tin dioxide nanoparticles, nanotubes, or nanofibers, followed by precise deposition of the titanium dioxide film. This nanostructured titanium dioxide film enables rapid electron transfer, efficient light absorption, and enhanced dye loading, resulting in improved solar cell performance.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced electron mobility and increased energy conversion efficiency through a novel nanostructured electrode design. The cells feature a titanium dioxide nanostructure layer interposed between the photoelectrode and counter electrode, where the nanostructure layer comprises vertically aligned titanium dioxide nanotubes. This nanostructure layer enables efficient electron transfer between the photoelectrode and counter electrode, while the nanostructure layer itself enhances dye adsorption and light absorption. The nanostructure layer thickness is carefully controlled to balance electron mobility and dye absorption, resulting in improved solar cell efficiency.

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A three-dimensional nanometer rod structure for dye-sensitized solar cells that enhances light absorption and conversion efficiency through scattering effects. The structure consists of a porous nanometer crystalline film grown on a conductive glass electrode, where the film's unique three-dimensional arrangement of nanometer-sized pores creates a highly efficient light scattering pathway. This structure enables the absorption of incident light multiple times, significantly increasing the photovoltaic cell's light utilization rate and converting more solar energy into electrical energy.

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A composite membrane electrode for solar cells that combines transparent conductive glass with a dye-sensitized nanometer tube structure. The electrode comprises a transparent conductive glass plate, a dye-sensitized nanometer tube structure, and a dye-sensitized nanometer tube film. The transparent conductive glass plate enables efficient light transmission, while the dye-sensitized nanometer tube structure provides high surface area for dye adsorption. The dye-sensitized nanometer tube film enables efficient charge transport through the dye-sensitized nanometer structure.

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Quantum dot dye-sensitized solar cell (QDDSSC) that enhances infrared absorption and light absorption through the incorporation of quantum dots and metal nanoparticles in the semiconductor electrode layer. The QDDSSC achieves higher conversion efficiency by leveraging the unique optical properties of quantum dots and metal nanoparticles in the dye-sensitized solar cell architecture.

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A solar energy battery design that enhances the efficiency of dye-sensitized photoelectrodes through a novel anode structure. The design incorporates a titanium dioxide nanotube architecture that incorporates multiple layers of titanium dioxide nanotubes. Each nanotube layer is separated by a thin layer of titanium dioxide, creating a hierarchical structure with increased surface area. This nanotube architecture enables improved dye adsorption and enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency compared to conventional anode materials.

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A Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) with enhanced photovoltaic efficiency through a novel nanostructured electrode design. The cell comprises a TiO2-based anode with a SnO2-coated TiO2 nanostructure, where the SnO2 layer enables improved charge transfer and regeneration properties compared to conventional TiO2. The SnO2 layer is applied as a thin interfacial layer between the TiO2 nanostructure and the dye, which is selectively absorbed by the SnO2 layer. This configuration enables efficient charge transfer and regeneration while maintaining the TiO2's inherent optical properties. The cell architecture allows for tandem DSSCs with improved efficiency compared to conventional single-layer DSSCs.

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A three-dimensional porous titanium dioxide nanometer crystal film for dye-sensitized solar cells that enhances light absorption and transmission. The film is prepared through a novel method that creates a three-dimensional network structure through controlled thermal treatment of titanium dioxide nanocrystals. This three-dimensional architecture enables efficient light scattering, electronic transmission, and dye absorption, while maintaining high surface area for optimal charge carrier collection. The resulting film can be used as a photoactive material in solar cells, as well as in photo-catalytic applications.

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Titanium dioxide nanocrystal material with a unique mesoporous structure that enhances dye absorption and light scattering properties for solar energy conversion. The material features a hollow nanometer-scale shell with a specific surface area that significantly increases dye absorption compared to conventional titanium dioxide. The mesoporous structure enables efficient light scattering and continuous energy absorption through multiple reflections within the hollow shell. This material design enables improved photoelectric conversion efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells.

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