Techniques to Improve Adhesion in Heterojunction Solar Cell

Heterojunction solar cell with improved efficiency, comprising a silicon substrate with a pyramid structure on at least one side, a silicon-based film with an intrinsic layer and a doped layer on the substrate side, and a transparent conductive layer on the film side. The film thickness decreases towards the substrate, preventing transparent conductive material from entering the substrate interface and reducing recombination.

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A solar cell and method for manufacturing a solar cell that improves efficiency and performance by optimizing the metallized region. The cell includes a semiconductor substrate, emitter, front passivation layer, tunneling layer, doped conductive layer, rear passivation layer, and electrodes. The doped conductive layer has a first region with lower oxygen content for metallized areas and a second region with higher oxygen content for non-metallized areas. The tunneling layer and doped conductive layer are optimized to reduce contact resistance and improve passivation performance.

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Design and specification of multijunction solar cells for space missions, including lattice-matched and lattice-mismatched configurations, that achieve high energy conversion efficiencies and radiation resistance. The solar cells feature optimized subcell band gaps, semiconductor layer compositions, and doping levels to maximize power output while minimizing degradation over time. The design incorporates a graded band gap in the active layer of heterojunction solar subcells to enhance radiation performance characteristics at the end-of-life.

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Buried interface engineering is crucial to improve the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Although coordination materials have been widely used for buried interface modification, they are generally engineered on one surface of the interface through monodentate or bidentate molecules. Here, we propose that a multidentate polymer, sodium alginate (SA), acts with both surfaces via numerous CO groups to reinforce buried interfaces. SA effectively reduces buried interface defects, adjusts the energy level alignment, and refines carrier dynamics. Notably, it also induces the growth of a perovskite film that is less tensile stressed and free of voids. Consequently, the champion device efficiency after SA treatment increased from 23.05% to 24.98%, along with significant improvements in both light and thermal stability. This work offers insights into efficiency and stability improvement from the perspective of multidentate polymer anchoring.

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A solar cell with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency, comprising a substrate, a tunneling dielectric layer, a doped conductive layer, a plurality of first electrodes, at least one transmission layer, and at least one diffusion region. The doped conductive layer includes a plurality of main body portions arranged at intervals, with each transmission layer disposed between adjacent main body portions and electrically connected to their side surfaces. The diffusion region partially extends into the transmission layer, tunneling dielectric layer, and substrate, with a doping ion concentration greater than the substrate.

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The development of small-molecule organic solar cells with the required efficiency depends on the information obtained from molecular-level studies. In this context, 39 small-molecule donors featuring isoindigo as an acceptor moiety have been meticulously crafted for potential applications in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. These molecules follow the D

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Perovskite-CIGS tandem solar cells offer unique benefits, such as high efficiencies and the possibility for cost-effective production on flexible, lightweight substrates. Yet, scaling up the production of these devices presents challenges, particularly because of roughness, solvents, and reactions that can impair the integrity of subcells within tandem configurations. Here, we introduce a metal-free transparent conductive adhesive (TCA) material, implemented via a lamination approach, as a scalable solution that facilitates separate fabrication and subsequent tandem integration of the subcells. This TCA not only exhibits promising electrical and optical properties but also ensures that its lamination process does not degrade the perovskite. It also exhibits encapsulation properties rivaling those of commercial encapsulants. By employing this TCA, we have attained a champion efficiency of 20.6% in single-junction semitransparent solar cells, featuring a high fill-factor of 79.7%. Ultimately, we demonstrate its compatibility with perovskite-CIGS tandem solar cells, effectively eliminat... Read More

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A solar cell with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency, comprising a substrate, a tunneling dielectric layer, multiple doped conductive layers, multiple first electrodes, and at least one conductive transport layer. The conductive transport layers are disposed between adjacent doped conductive layers and in contact with their side surfaces, enabling lateral carrier transport and reducing parasitic absorption of incident light.

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Carbazole-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) at the interface between the metal-halide perovskite (MHP) and the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) serve the function of hole-transport layers in p-i-n "inverted" perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here we show that the use of an iodine-terminated carbazole-based SAM increases the interfacial mechanical adhesion dramatically (2.6-fold) and that this is responsible for substantial improvements in the interfacial morphology, photocarrier transport, and operational stability. While the improved morphology and optoelectronic properties impart high efficiency (up to 25.39%) to the PSCs, the enhanced adhesion suppresses nucleation and propagation of pores/cracks during PSC operation, resulting in the retention of 96% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h of continuous-illumination testing at the maximum power-point. This demonstrates the strong connection between judicious interfacial adhesion toughening and simultaneous enhancement in the efficiency and operational stability of p-i-n PSCs, with broader implications for the reliability and d... Read More

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Heterojunction solar cells with enhanced performance through optimized transparent conductive film design. The method involves creating a back transparent conductive film with a tungsten-doped indium oxide (ITO) structure, where the doping concentration is lower than in the front transparent conductive film. This back film is formed on the side of the semiconductor substrate opposite to the front film, with a patterned photoresist grid line that opens during evaporation. The back film is then cured and annealed to create a stable, transparent conductive layer. The front film remains as a standard ITO, while the back film serves as the transparent conductive layer. This configuration enables improved encapsulation performance and photoelectric conversion efficiency compared to conventional back films.

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Improving the quality of the buried interface is decisive for achieving stable and high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. Herein, we report the interface engineering by using dipolar 2,4-difluoro-3,5-dichloroaniline (DDE) as the adhesive between titanium dioxide (TiO

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The insertion of a third component in bulk heterojunction solar cells has led to enhanced power conversion efficiencies (PCE). However, the rationale beyond the superior performance of ternary solar cells...

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Solid additives play a crucial role in developing highly efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) by improving intermolecular interactions between polymer donors and acceptors, forming optimal bulk heterojunction (BHJ) morphology. In...

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We show the mechanical strengthening of the buried interface in perovskite solar cells by using a cohesive macromolecular binder. Solar cells with a strengthened interface delivered a T97.5 lifespan of over 1600 h under 1-sun illumination at 55 C.

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated a comparable efficiency to Si-based cells. However, the buried interface with weak adhesion remains a critical issue since the ion migration enhanced by the built-in electric field at this interface might lead to instability. We report here that adjusting the energy-level alignment at the weak adhesion homojunction interface can mitigate ion migration and thereby enhance the stability and photovoltaic performance of PSCs. Functional molecules with self-assembled monolayer characteristics were introduced to the surface of the SnO2 layer using silane derivatives, which tuned the work function of the homojunction depending on the functional groups in the molecules and thereby significantly reduced the built-in electric field. The PSC exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.3%. The maximum power point (MPP) tracking under continuous illumination confirmed that the device retained more than 97% of its initial PCE, even after 1,000 h.

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In this study, we aimed to develop and characterize Transparent Conductive Adhesive (TCA) materials for mechanically stacked tandem solar cell applications. The research objectives were to enhance the transparency, conductivity, and adhesive strength of TCAs to improve the efficiency and practicality of tandem solar cells. The TCA formulation comprises a combination of polymers and Ag-coated particles, with flexible poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) micro-spheres serving as conductive particles and SYLGARD 184 silicon elastomer poly-di-methyl-siloxane (PDMS), mixed in a 10:1 ratio of base to curing agent, serving as the transparent adhesive. We conducted systematic experiments with Ag-particle coverage areas ranging from 0.34 % to 21.61 % at temperatures of 80 C and 100 C, under 500 mb pressure. The optimal conductivity was achieved at 2 wt% Ag-particle coverage, measuring 5.26 10 S/m, with over 93 % transparency. These key results indicate the significant potential of the optimized TCA in enhancing the performance of mechanically stacked tandem solar cells, thus contributing to t... Read More

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The development of a reliable encapsulation is a key factor for protecting perovskite solar cells from extrinsic degradation and an important step to commercialization. The use of edge sealing materials has already been proven effective for rigid substrates. However, for flexible devices, a different encapsulation strategy must be developed. In this study, epoxy- and acrylic-based adhesives were tested over blade-coated p-i-n MAPI devices and the encapsulation was evaluated with currentvoltage measurements, calcium, and thermal stability tests. Although causing discoloration around the cells, over the area without the evaporated top electrode, the epoxy adhesive showed great performance after encapsulation and under thermal stress. This strategy was used to compare the stability of PEDOT:PSS and NiO as HTL. After an initial drop of 40 % in performance, the device with NiO was stable for over 5500 h under 85 C. These results show that this method can be used for evaluating the stability of perovskite solar cell and that, with further development of a proper buffer layer, epoxy-based... Read More

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The instability of top interface induced by interfacial defects and residual tensile strain hinders the realization of long-term stable n-i-p regular perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, one molecular locking strategy is reported to stabilize top interface by adopting polydentate ligand green biomaterial 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-d-erythro-pentafuranous-1-ulose-3,5-dibenzoate (DDPUD) to manipulate the surface and grain boundaries of perovskite films. Both experimental and theoretical evidence collectively uncover that the uncoordinated Pb

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The article presents a commentary for the recent publication on nanocrytalline silicon thin films for heterojunction solar (SHJ) cells. The aim of the communication is to highlight some of the important mechanism discussed in the report for improved structure and interface properties which results in better device fill factor and hence enhanced efficiency. Furthermore, the discussion has been extended to present some of the recent literatures which have followed the similar guidelines for material synthesis with improved optical gain in applications of SHJ solar cells.

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The distinctive benefits of perovskite solar cells, such as their lightweight nature, high flexibility, and ease of deformation, have garnered significant interest. These characteristics make them well-suited for use in portable electronic devices. Nevertheless, a large efficiency gap still exists between laboratory-based small cells and industrial oriented large-scale modules. One of the primary reasons for the efficiency losses is the limited adhesion at the brittle interface between the perovskite layer and hole transport layer. Herein, potassium acetate is selected to tailor the interface of perovskite/hole transport layer. The presence of potassium acetate between the perovskite layer and hole transport layer has the potential to enhance the p-type perovskite interface. And the strengthen of the interface contact could be verified by the utilization of KPFM and DFT calculations. As results, the charge separation is accelerated associated with the substantial enhancement in Voc from 1.118 V to 1.139 V. And the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell has been enhanced, resul... Read More

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