Salicylic Acid Solubilization in Anti-Dandruff Shampoo Formulations
Salicylic acid presents distinct dissolution challenges in anti-dandruff formulations, with standard aqueous solubility below 0.2% w/v at 25°C and pH-dependent dissociation behavior above pH 3. When incorporated into complex surfactant systems, salicylic acid exhibits tendencies toward recrystallization, affecting both shelf stability and bioavailability across varying temperature conditions from 5°C to 40°C storage.
The formulation challenge lies in achieving stable solubilization of salicylic acid while maintaining its therapeutic efficacy against the microorganisms responsible for dandruff.
This page brings together solutions from recent research—including eutectic mixtures with alkylamidoamines, nano-encapsulation techniques for controlled release, surfactant systems with specific HLB values, and polyethylene glycol solubilizers for enhanced retention. These and other approaches demonstrate how formulators can overcome salicylic acid's inherent solubility limitations while preserving its anti-fungal and keratolytic properties in commercial anti-dandruff products.
1. Cleanser Composition with Salicylic Acid Stability and Water-Insoluble Material Suspension in Surfactant System
LOREAL, 2024
A cleanser composition that maintains stability over time at ambient temperatures and resists freeze/thaw cycles when formulated with high concentrations of salicylic acid. The composition contains a water-insoluble material that is suspended in a surfactant system, specifically sodium cocoyl isethionate and acrylate copolymer, while maintaining a pH range of 5-7. This formulation enables the water-insoluble material to remain suspended without compromising the stability of the salicylic acid, ensuring consistent cleansing performance.
2. Salicylic Acid Nano Microcapsules with Controlled-Release Encapsulation and Protective Film Formation
HEFEI ZHONGKE YISHENG HEALTH TECH CO LTD, 2024
Salicylic acid nano microcapsules for anti-dandruff and antipruritic shampoos that enhance the therapeutic benefits of salicylic acid while addressing common challenges in its delivery. The nano microcapsules encapsulate salicylic acid, which is typically poorly soluble in water due to its low solubility. The encapsulation process creates a stable, controlled-release system that prevents direct contact with the skin, while maintaining the salicylic acid's therapeutic properties. The encapsulated salicylic acid forms a protective film around the selenium disulfide, enhancing its retention and efficacy while minimizing irritation. This formulation addresses the limitations of traditional selenium disulfide formulations by providing a controlled release of salicylic acid while maintaining its therapeutic benefits.
3. Eutectic Mixture Comprising Alkylamidoamines and Salicylic Acid with Reduced Crystallinity and Enhanced Adsorption Properties
LG HOUSEHOLD & HEALTH CARE LTD, 2023
Eutectic mixture of alkylamidoamines and salicylic acid that improves skin penetration and stability of salicylic acid while reducing crystallinity and increasing adsorption rate. The eutectic mixture is prepared by combining salicylic acid with alkylamidoamines, which form a stable and non-irritating eutectic mixture that enhances salicylic acid delivery to the skin.
4. Aqueous Skin Cleanser Composition with Stable Salicylic Acid Solubility Using Anionic and Amphoteric Surfactant Blend
COREANA COSMETICS CO LTD, 2023
A skin cleanser composition that maintains stable solubility of salicylic acid in aqueous formulations, overcoming its inherent poor solubility. The composition incorporates a surfactant blend of anionic and amphoteric surfactants with purified water, which enables uniform dissolution of salicylic acid while preventing recrystallization. The surfactant composition maintains stability over time, making it suitable for cosmetic applications where salicylic acid is used to treat acne-prone skin.
5. Hair Care Composition with Amino Acid and Anionic Surfactant Ratio for Anti-Dandruff Agent Deposition
UNILEVER IP HOLDINGS B V, 2022
Hair care composition for enhanced anti-dandruff deposition on the scalp. The composition comprises an amino acid surfactant, a specific anionic surfactant, and anti-dandruff agents, which provides superior deposition of anti-dandruff agents on the hair and scalp through a unique formulation approach. The composition achieves enhanced deposition through a specific ratio of amino acid surfactant to anionic surfactant that balances solubilization and deposition properties.
6. Aqueous Salicylic Acid Solution with Tromethamine for Enhanced Solubility and Stability
AMOREPACIFIC CORP, 2019
Salicylic acid aqueous solution for cosmetic formulations that enhances solubility without using excessive ethanol. The solution comprises salicylic acid, a dissolution-enhancing agent like tromethamine, and water. The dissolution-enhancing agent is added at elevated temperatures to initiate a reaction between salicylic acid and the agent, forming a stable complex that prevents precipitation. The solution maintains high salicylic acid concentrations while maintaining thermal stability.
7. Surfactant-Soluble Scalp Agent with Specific Diffusion Coefficient Ratio for Enhanced Deposition
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO, 2018
Surfactant-soluble scalp agent for hair treatment compositions that enhances anti-dandruff efficacy by achieving higher agent deposition onto the scalp. The agent combines surfactants with surfactant-soluble anti-dandruff agents in a composition that achieves a surfactant diffusion coefficient to surfactant ratio of 1.3 when diluted to 1.3% surfactant concentration. This enables the agent to effectively deposit onto the scalp, enhancing its anti-dandruff efficacy compared to conventional formulations.
8. Aqueous Shampoo Composition with Stable Suspension of Insoluble Anti-Dandruff Agents
LUBRIZOL ADVANCED MATERIALS INC, 2017
A composition that maintains a stable suspension of insoluble anti-dandruff agents in aqueous shampoo formulations, while maintaining acceptable viscosity and foaming properties. The composition comprises a suspension composition capable of achieving a substantial and unexpected reduction in the separation of insoluble substances such as particulate anti-dandruff agents, while maintaining acceptable viscosity and foaming properties.
9. Scalp Care Composition with Anti-Dandruff Active, Organic Solvents, and Volatile Carrier
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO, 2017
Scale care composition that improves the efficacy of a scalp benefit agent, such as an anti-dandruff active. The composition includes from about 0.05% to about 5% of an anti-dandruff active, from about 0.1% to about 25% of one or more organic solvents, from about 1% to about 99% of a volatile carrier wherein the anti-dandruff active is soluble in the scalp care composition.
10. Scalp Care Composition with Soluble Anti-Dandruff Active and Stability-Enhancing Carrier
PROCTER & GAMBLE, 2015
A scalp care composition that combines effective anti-dandruff efficacy with additional scalp health benefits. The composition comprises a blend of a soluble anti-dandruff active, solvents, and a carrier that enhances the active's solubility and stability. The active is a readily soluble compound that forms a clear solution in the carrier, providing enhanced anti-fungal activity compared to conventional anti-dandruff treatments. The composition also incorporates additional scalp health benefits such as moisturizing, barrier repair, and anti-inflammatory properties.
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