Salicylic Acid Solubilization in Anti-Dandruff Shampoo Formulations
Salicylic acid presents distinct dissolution challenges in anti-dandruff formulations, with standard aqueous solubility below 0.2% w/v at 25°C and pH-dependent dissociation behavior above pH 3. When incorporated into complex surfactant systems, salicylic acid exhibits tendencies toward recrystallization, affecting both shelf stability and bioavailability across varying temperature conditions from 5°C to 40°C storage.
The formulation challenge lies in achieving stable solubilization of salicylic acid while maintaining its therapeutic efficacy against the microorganisms responsible for dandruff.
This page brings together solutions from recent research—including eutectic mixtures with alkylamidoamines, nano-encapsulation techniques for controlled release, surfactant systems with specific HLB values, and polyethylene glycol solubilizers for enhanced retention. These and other approaches demonstrate how formulators can overcome salicylic acid's inherent solubility limitations while preserving its anti-fungal and keratolytic properties in commercial anti-dandruff products.
1. Cleanser Composition with Salicylic Acid Stability and Water-Insoluble Material Suspension in Surfactant System
LOREAL, 2024
A cleanser composition that maintains stability over time at ambient temperatures and resists freeze/thaw cycles when formulated with high concentrations of salicylic acid. The composition contains a water-insoluble material that is suspended in a surfactant system, specifically sodium cocoyl isethionate and acrylate copolymer, while maintaining a pH range of 5-7. This formulation enables the water-insoluble material to remain suspended without compromising the stability of the salicylic acid, ensuring consistent cleansing performance.
2. Salicylic Acid Nano Microcapsules with Controlled-Release Encapsulation and Protective Film Formation
HEFEI ZHONGKE YISHENG HEALTH TECH CO LTD, 2024
Salicylic acid nano microcapsules for anti-dandruff and antipruritic shampoos that enhance the therapeutic benefits of salicylic acid while addressing common challenges in its delivery. The nano microcapsules encapsulate salicylic acid, which is typically poorly soluble in water due to its low solubility. The encapsulation process creates a stable, controlled-release system that prevents direct contact with the skin, while maintaining the salicylic acid's therapeutic properties. The encapsulated salicylic acid forms a protective film around the selenium disulfide, enhancing its retention and efficacy while minimizing irritation. This formulation addresses the limitations of traditional selenium disulfide formulations by providing a controlled release of salicylic acid while maintaining its therapeutic benefits.
3. Eutectic Mixture Comprising Alkylamidoamines and Salicylic Acid with Reduced Crystallinity and Enhanced Adsorption Properties
LG HOUSEHOLD & HEALTH CARE LTD, 2023
Eutectic mixture of alkylamidoamines and salicylic acid that improves skin penetration and stability of salicylic acid while reducing crystallinity and increasing adsorption rate. The eutectic mixture is prepared by combining salicylic acid with alkylamidoamines, which form a stable and non-irritating eutectic mixture that enhances salicylic acid delivery to the skin.
4. Aqueous Skin Cleanser Composition with Stable Salicylic Acid Solubility Using Anionic and Amphoteric Surfactant Blend
COREANA COSMETICS CO LTD, 2023
A skin cleanser composition that maintains stable solubility of salicylic acid in aqueous formulations, overcoming its inherent poor solubility. The composition incorporates a surfactant blend of anionic and amphoteric surfactants with purified water, which enables uniform dissolution of salicylic acid while preventing recrystallization. The surfactant composition maintains stability over time, making it suitable for cosmetic applications where salicylic acid is used to treat acne-prone skin.
5. Sulfate-Free Cleansing Composition with High HLB Surfactant and Polyethylene Glycol Solubilizer for Salicylic Acid Retention
OREAL, 2023
A sulfate-free cleansing composition for treating acne that delivers and retains salicylic acid and its derivatives on the skin after cleansing. The composition contains a surfactant with a high hydrophobicity index (HLB) of 25 or greater, along with a solubilizer comprising polyethylene glycol compounds, and water. The surfactant enhances the solubilization and retention of salicylic acid and its derivatives, allowing them to persist on the skin even after cleansing. The composition is formulated as a rinse-off cleanser that provides long-lasting benefits for acne-prone skin.
6. Composition of Zinc-Based Conditioner with Natural Antibacterial and Skin-Penetrating Agents
BOHUI MEICUI BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING TECH GUANGDONG CO LTD, 2022
A composition and application for antipruritic, anti-dandruff, oil control that combines antibacterial and anti-dandruff properties with mild skin soothing effects. The composition comprises a conditioner, zinc compounds, amino acids, plant extracts, surfactants, and functional additives, with a balance of solvent. The conditioner is specifically formulated from natural ingredients like heximidine bis(isethionate) salt, pyrrole Ketoethanol ammonium salt, and 10-hydroxydecanoic acid, which inhibit microorganism growth while penetrating the skin barrier. The composition provides effective oil control, antibacterial action, and soothing properties, making it suitable for shampoo and hair care products.
7. Hair Care Composition with Amino Acid and Anionic Surfactant Ratio for Anti-Dandruff Agent Deposition
UNILEVER IP HOLDINGS B V, 2022
Hair care composition for enhanced anti-dandruff deposition on the scalp. The composition comprises an amino acid surfactant, a specific anionic surfactant, and anti-dandruff agents, which provides superior deposition of anti-dandruff agents on the hair and scalp through a unique formulation approach. The composition achieves enhanced deposition through a specific ratio of amino acid surfactant to anionic surfactant that balances solubilization and deposition properties.
8. Scalp Cleansing Composition with Polyquaternium-52, Ethanol, and Dandruff-Relieving Component
AE KYUNG INDUSTRIAL CO LTD, 2021
A dandruff relief scalp cleanser containing 0.01 to 1% polyquaternium-52, 0.1 to 1% ethanol, and 0.01 to 1% dandruff relief component. The formulation balances anti-dandruff efficacy with skin comfort, featuring a cationic polymer crosslinked structure for enhanced delivery and stability. The composition maintains optimal cleansing properties while minimizing irritation, with the polyquaternium-52 content being critical for effective dandruff relief.
9. Personal Care Composition with Polyvalent Metal Pyrithione Salt and Benzophenone Compound for Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity
UNILEVER PLC, 2020
Personal care composition that combines synergistic antimicrobial efficacy for dandruff control. The composition comprises a polyvalent metal salt of pyrithione and a benzophenone compound, specifically benzophenone-1 and benzophenone-2, which interact to enhance their individual antimicrobial activities. The synergistic combination provides enhanced dandruff control compared to using either component alone, while maintaining the benefits of zinc pyrithione and niacinamide for scalp protection and skin health.
10. Shampoo Composition with Inorganic and Organic Zinc Compounds, Natural Extracts, and Surfactant Blend
LAF JAHWA CO LTD, 2020
Antidandruff and antipruritic shampoo composition containing multiple zinc compounds for treating scalp issues like dandruff, itching, and shoulders. The shampoo contains a blend of inorganic zinc salts like zinc oxide and organic zinc compounds like zinc gluconate. It also has natural extracts like walnut shell extract and modified starch to soothe, moisturize, and stabilize the formula. The shampoo's surfactants are coco amphoteric acetate and alkyl glucoside, along with anionic and cationic polymers. The zinc compounds control oil production, inhibit fungi, and soothe the scalp. The extracts provide additional soothing and anti-inflammatory effects.
11. Antimicrobial Composition with Polyvalent Metal Pyrithione and Piperazine Compound
CONOPCO INC D/B/A UNILEVER, 2019
A synergistic antimicrobial composition that provides enhanced anti-dandruff benefits through a combination of zinc pyrithione and piperazine compounds. The composition combines the standard zinc pyrithione with a piperazine compound that interacts to create a synergistic antimicrobial effect. The piperazine compound enhances the growth inhibition of Malassezia furfur, the yeast responsible for dandruff, through membrane disruption. This combination provides superior anti-fungal activity compared to using zinc pyrithione alone, while also offering long-lasting protection against germs. The composition can be formulated into a variety of cleansing products, including shampoos, conditioners, and body washes.
12. Aqueous Salicylic Acid Solution with Tromethamine for Enhanced Solubility and Stability
AMOREPACIFIC CORP, 2019
Salicylic acid aqueous solution for cosmetic formulations that enhances solubility without using excessive ethanol. The solution comprises salicylic acid, a dissolution-enhancing agent like tromethamine, and water. The dissolution-enhancing agent is added at elevated temperatures to initiate a reaction between salicylic acid and the agent, forming a stable complex that prevents precipitation. The solution maintains high salicylic acid concentrations while maintaining thermal stability.
13. Cosmetic Compositions with Salicylic Acid, Glycyrrhizic Acid Derivatives, and Polyphenolic Antioxidants
THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC, 2018
Cosmetic compositions containing salicylic acid, glycyrrhizic acid derivatives like monoammonium glycyrrhizate, and polyphenolic antioxidants like green tea extract. These ingredients provide improved skin protection and treatment by mitigating skin damage from environmental insults and inflammation. The combination helps maintain skin health and appearance by reducing redness, irritation, and signs of aging.
14. Surfactant-Soluble Scalp Agent with Specific Diffusion Coefficient Ratio for Enhanced Deposition
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO, 2018
Surfactant-soluble scalp agent for hair treatment compositions that enhances anti-dandruff efficacy by achieving higher agent deposition onto the scalp. The agent combines surfactants with surfactant-soluble anti-dandruff agents in a composition that achieves a surfactant diffusion coefficient to surfactant ratio of 1.3 when diluted to 1.3% surfactant concentration. This enables the agent to effectively deposit onto the scalp, enhancing its anti-dandruff efficacy compared to conventional formulations.
15. Aqueous Shampoo Composition with Stable Suspension of Insoluble Anti-Dandruff Agents
LUBRIZOL ADVANCED MATERIALS INC, 2017
A composition that maintains a stable suspension of insoluble anti-dandruff agents in aqueous shampoo formulations, while maintaining acceptable viscosity and foaming properties. The composition comprises a suspension composition capable of achieving a substantial and unexpected reduction in the separation of insoluble substances such as particulate anti-dandruff agents, while maintaining acceptable viscosity and foaming properties.
16. Scalp Care Composition with Anti-Dandruff Active, Organic Solvents, and Volatile Carrier
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO, 2017
Scale care composition that improves the efficacy of a scalp benefit agent, such as an anti-dandruff active. The composition includes from about 0.05% to about 5% of an anti-dandruff active, from about 0.1% to about 25% of one or more organic solvents, from about 1% to about 99% of a volatile carrier wherein the anti-dandruff active is soluble in the scalp care composition.
17. Scalp Care Composition with Soluble Anti-Dandruff Active and Stability-Enhancing Carrier
PROCTER & GAMBLE, 2015
A scalp care composition that combines effective anti-dandruff efficacy with additional scalp health benefits. The composition comprises a blend of a soluble anti-dandruff active, solvents, and a carrier that enhances the active's solubility and stability. The active is a readily soluble compound that forms a clear solution in the carrier, providing enhanced anti-fungal activity compared to conventional anti-dandruff treatments. The composition also incorporates additional scalp health benefits such as moisturizing, barrier repair, and anti-inflammatory properties.
18. Aqueous Polyurethane Dispersion with High Molecular Weight Polymer for Controlled Salicylic Acid Release
BAYER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GMBH, BAYER MATERIALSCIENCE LLC, 2015
Aqueous polyurethane dispersion for topical anti-acne treatments that enhances salicylic acid efficacy while reducing irritation. The dispersion comprises a high molecular weight polyurethane polymer that forms flexible, clear films when dispersed in water. The polymer exhibits unique properties that enable controlled release of salicylic acid while maintaining skin comfort. This dispersion can be used as a delivery system for topical anti-acne treatments, particularly in formulations containing salicylic acid and/or its derivatives.
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