Zinc Pyrithione Stabilization in Sulfate-Free Shampoo Formulations
Zinc pyrithione (ZPT) presents significant stability challenges in sulfate-free formulations, where pH variations between 4.0-6.0 can reduce antimicrobial efficacy by up to 40% during standard shelf-life conditions. Metal ion contamination, particularly from iron and copper sources at concentrations as low as 0.5 ppm, triggers formation of pyrithione-metal complexes that manifest as visible discoloration and diminished biocidal performance over time.
The fundamental challenge lies in maintaining ZPT's structural integrity and antimicrobial efficacy while eliminating traditional sulfate-based stabilization systems that consumers increasingly avoid.
This page brings together solutions from recent research—including pyranone compound chelation mechanisms, cationic surfactant delivery systems, controlled alkyl chain length technologies, and strategic incorporation of soluble zinc salts. These and other approaches demonstrate practical pathways to formulate stable, high-performance ZPT products that meet market demands for sulfate-free compositions while preserving antimicrobial efficacy throughout shelf life.
1. Hair Care Composition with Zinc Pyrithione, Cationic Surfactant System, and Nonionic Carrier in Gel Matrix
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO, 2023
Hair care composition that provides improved deposition of zinc pyrithione on scalp without the conventional glucan gum, guar gum, and hydroxyethylcellulose. The composition comprises a zinc pyrithione-based active agent, a cationic surfactant system, and a nonionic carrier, all combined in a gel matrix. This composition delivers zinc pyrithione to the scalp with enhanced deposition characteristics compared to conventional formulations.
2. Synergistic Antimicrobial Composition of Zinc Pyrithione and Zinc Salt of Pyridine Carboxylic Acid
JUBILANT LIFE SCIENCES LTD, 2019
Zinc pyrithione-zinc salt of pyridine carboxylic acid synergistic antimicrobial formulation for personal care, paint, and coating applications. The composition combines zinc pyrithione with zinc salt of pyridine carboxylic acid in concentrations ranging from 0.01-50% w/w and 0.001-30% w/w, respectively, to achieve enhanced antimicrobial efficacy while maintaining low environmental impact. The formulation demonstrates improved performance against a broad spectrum of microorganisms compared to zinc pyrithione alone, with reduced leaching and potential for improved performance in various end-use applications.
3. Cleansing Composition with Soluble Zinc Salt and Zinc Thione for Stability in Acidic pH
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO, 2018
Personal cleansing composition that maintains optimal levels of zinc pyrithione throughout its shelf life, even in acidic pH environments, through the incorporation of a soluble zinc salt. The composition comprises a surfactant, zinc pyrithione, zinc thione, and a pH-adjusting agent like citric acid, all within a pH range of 4.0 to 6.0. The zinc thione is specifically formulated to maintain its antimicrobial activity in low pH conditions, while the zinc salt enhances stability through accelerated aging. The formulation ensures consistent performance of the zinc pyrithione component throughout the product's shelf life.
4. Sequential Application Method for Zinc Pyrithione Deposition Using Dual-Composition System
宝洁公司, THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO, 2017
Enhancing the deposition of zinc pyrithione in personal care products to improve antimicrobial efficacy. The method involves applying a cleansing composition followed by a composition containing zinc pyrithione, where the zinc pyrithione is applied in a concentration of 15% or less by weight of the composition. This dual-action approach combines the antimicrobial properties of zinc pyrithione with the cleansing action of the cleansing composition, resulting in enhanced antimicrobial protection.
5. Solid Concentrate Composition with Zinc Pyrithione, Surfactants, and pH Buffer System
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO, 2017
Solid concentrate composition comprising zinc pyrithione (ZPT) and surfactants in a controlled ratio, with a pH buffer system maintaining optimal stability. The composition has a penetration hardness of 20-50N, enabling effective application in soap formulations. The composition comprises from 5% to 25% by weight of ZPT and from 8% to 85% by weight of surfactants, with a pH buffer system comprising organic acids and/or salts to maintain stability.
6. Hair Care Composition with Metal Pyrithione and Silicone Compound Containing Amine or Quaternary Ammonium and Alkylene Oxide Groups
PROCTER & GAMBLE, 2017
Hair care composition comprising a metal pyrithione and a silicone compound having an amine or quaternary ammonium group, and an alkylene oxide group. The composition provides improved deposition of zinc pyrithione on scalp through a unique combination of a cationic surfactant system and a silicone compound with a quaternary ammonium group.
7. Hair Care Composition with Linear Silicone Backbone for Enhanced Zinc Pyrithione Deposition
PROCTER & GAMBLE, 2017
Hair care composition that enhances the deposition of zinc pyrithione on scalp. The composition comprises a cationic surfactant system, a high melting point fatty compound, a metal pyrithione, a silicone compound with a linear silicone backbone, an amine or quaternary ammonium group, and an alkylene oxide group, and an aqueous carrier. The silicone compound with a linear silicone backbone provides improved deposition of zinc pyrithione compared to branched silicone compounds.
8. Zinc Pyrithione Dispersion Stabilization via Cationic Polymer-Induced Electrostatic Repulsion and Anionic Surfactant Steric Hindrance
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO, 2015
Stabilizing zinc pyrithione (ZPT) dispersions in the presence of cationic polymer and anionic surfactant through electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance. The stabilization mechanism involves creating electrostatic charges on the ZPT particles through cationic polymerization and surfactant modification, while preventing particle aggregation through steric hindrance. The cationic polymer enhances electrostatic repulsion between particles, while the surfactant modifies the surface charge to prevent particle settling. This dual-stabilization approach enables stable ZPT dispersions in concentrated formulations.
9. Solid Concentrate Composition with Zinc Pyrithione and Surfactants for Controlled Release
PROCTER & GAMBLE, 2015
Solid concentrate composition comprising zinc pyrithione (ZPT) with enhanced antimicrobial activity, specifically formulated as a powder or liquid dispersion for applications requiring stable and controlled release of the active agent. The composition comprises 5-25 wt% ZPT and 8-85 wt% surfactants, with a specific formulation that maintains the antimicrobial efficacy over time. The composition can be used in various applications, including industrial cleaning products, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, where the controlled release of ZPT is critical for maintaining its effectiveness.
10. Hair Care Composition with Polyquaternium-6 and Zinc Pyrithione for Enhanced Infundibulum Deposition
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO, 2015
Enhancing deposition of zinc pyrithione (ZnPy) in the infundibulum through a hair care composition that combines polyquaternium-6 (PQ6) with ZnPy. The composition comprises a cationic surfactant system, a high melting point fatty compound, and an aqueous carrier. The surfactant system, comprising a combination of mono-long alkyl quaternized ammonium salts and di-long alkyl quaternized ammonium salts, enhances the deposition of ZnPy in the infundibulum, where sebum contributes to dandruff formation. The composition provides improved deposition of ZnPy in the infundibulum compared to conventional formulations.
11. Method for Formulating Zinc Pyrithione Hair Care Compositions with Controlled Temperature Surfactant and Fatty Compound Mixing
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO, 2015
A method for preparing hair care compositions that prevents metal pyrithione agglomeration in zinc pyrithione-based treatments. The method employs controlled temperature conditions during surfactant and fatty compound mixing, specifically below the melting point of the high-temperature components. This temperature range enables the formation of stable, well-dispersed surfactant particles that prevent aggregation and improve product stability. The composition includes zinc pyrithione, surfactants, fatty compounds, and a carrier, with the surfactant and fatty compound mixture being formulated at a temperature below the melting point of the fatty compounds.
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