Activators for Tire Vulcanization

Preparing uniformly cured solid loading tires using a graphene oxide/natural rubber composite to overcome the issue of non-uniform vulcanization in thick rubber products. The method involves optimizing the composite formulation and vulcanization parameters to ensure complete and uniform vulcanization throughout the tire. The composite contains graphene oxide, carbon black, activator, softener, antioxidant, vulcanization accelerator, vulcanizing agent, and interface modifying agent. The weight ratios of these components are in a specific range.

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This paper aimed to evaluate the effect of cross-linking temperature on rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties CR/BR compositions cross-linked with zinc oxide, iron(III) or copper(II) oxide. Properties compounds were studied at four temperatures: 140, 160, 180, 200 C. The lowest activation energy vulcanization was shown by blends ZnO, highest samples Fe2O3. Blends cured ZnO Fe2O3 showed higher activity than CuO. Higher temperatures enhanced degree in composite CuO but slightly reduced it for CR/BR/Fe2O3 vulcanizates. tensile strength observed product. However, exhibited best aging resistance. high had tear (16.8 N/mm), while containing as a curing agent declining temperature. DSC confirmed single glass transition (~36 C), indicating good elastomers dispersion. Infrared SEM analyses effective blend compatibility.

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Aqueous adhesive for rubber and balls that provides high adhesion strength and allows production of rubber products with excellent durability. The adhesive contains rubber latex and an ammonium-salt-based vulcanization acceleration aid. The ammonium salt accelerates vulcanization of the rubber latex to a suitable rate for curing the adhesive. This prevents excessive hardening of the adhesive layer during curing. The ammonium salt also prevents excessive vulcanization of the rubber component in the adhered members, preventing hindrance of feel at impact. The ammonium salt concentration is 0.01-5% by weight based on solid content.

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A method to make uniformly cured high-modulus graphene oxide/natural rubber tires that have improved wear resistance and tear strength. The method involves optimizing the vulcanization process for thick rubber tires using specific ingredient ratios. It balances internal and external rubber cure to prevent over or under vulcanization. The ratios are: 0.5-5% graphene oxide, 40-120% carbon black, 1-20% activator, 1-20% softener, 1-10% anti-aging agent, 1-10% antioxidant, 1-20% vulcanization accelerator, 1-20% vulcanizing agent, and 1-20% interface modifying agent.

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The possibility of using synthesized xanthan acid salts as ingredients a rubber compound, namely accelerators sulfur vulcanization, is investigated. dependence vulcanization and elastic-strength properties vulcanizates on the chemical structure xanthogenates has been established.

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Abstract Decreasing zinc consumption in vulcanization processes of rubber represents a major environmental issue for the industry. To overcome this problem, novel method has been developed based on replacing conventional oxide (ZnO) with dodecyl sulfate (Zn(DS) 2 ) styrenebutadiene (SBR). The amount free incorporated composites quantified by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). Results indicated reduction content samples containing Zn(DS) 34%77% as compared control sample 3 phr ZnO. Further investigations have also performed to find out effect crosslink density, thermal and mechanical properties, curing characteristics, dynamic behavior swelling tests, rheometric measurements, tensile thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), (DMA). Replacement ZnO increased density significantly, much 105%, thus providing evidence enhanced availability Zn cations accelerator. Also, increases strength ice grip rolling resistance 30%, 101%, 13%, respectively were observed. Overall, shows promise viable alternative traditional ZnObased activators tire industry increasing performance decreasing... Read More

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Rubber composition containing an organic sulfur compound that cures quickly and forms good crosslinking. The composition includes a base rubber, co-crosslinking agent, crosslinking initiator, benzothiazole derivative, and organic sulfur compound. The benzothiazole derivative, which can be a compound represented by formula (1) or (2), and the organic sulfur compound have a mass ratio of 0.5 to 10. This composition allows shorter crosslinking times compared to conventional sulfur vulcanization.

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Self-healing vulcanized natural rubber (V-NR) was prepared with MgO/ZnO as a binary activator system in the study. Standard Vietnam Rubber Grade 3L (SVR3L) used NR source. The SVR3L ZnO, MgO/ZnO, or MgO activators and other vulcanizing reagents. total amount of 5 parts per hundred (phr), which mass ratio to ZnO 3:2. Furthermore, sulfur content either 1.0 1.5 phr. self-healing experiment performed at 25, 50, 100 C for 12 hours 24 hours. cure characteristics compounds were analyzed determine optimal vulcanization time (t90) maximum torque (MH). Raman spectroscopy evaluate relative disulfide polysulfide bonds. Self-healability assessed by determining stress strain break V-NR before after process. result showed that t90 value sample using reduced 50% compared ZnO. phr had best ability among all samples, tensile strength recovery 35% elongation 113% original sample. attributed bonds rather than predominantly formed samples an activator, according spectroscopy.

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Process to make composite materials for elastomeric products like tires with improved sustainability and adhesion. The process involves activating textile reinforcement yarns with a bath containing polyisocyanates, waxes, and surfactants before immersing them in the rubber mixture. This coating improves adhesion between the yarns and surrounding rubber. The coated yarns are then used to create the composite material. The activation bath can be made from recycled materials like post-consumer PET bottles. The composite with recycled yarns provides similar performance to conventional composites but with lower environmental impact. The vulcanized composite material and resulting elastomeric products, like tires, have improved sustainability and adhesion compared to conventional composites.

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Upgrading micronized rubber powder (MRP) for large-scale reuse in tires by chemically activating the powder to improve performance. The activation involves treating the powder with silane during grinding to prevent sticking and using silica as a dusting agent. This functionalizes the powder surface to enhance vulcanization and dispersion in rubber compounds. The activation step involves contacting the powder with silane, silica, peroxides, or other activators. This allows using lower amounts of MRP in tire formulations compared to unactivated powder, which improves properties like tear strength, abrasion resistance, and dynamic performance.

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Rubber composition for high mileage truck tires with improved wear resistance and aging properties. The composition contains a specific combination of curing accelerators - sulfenamide, dithiocarbamate, and thiazole/thiuram polysulfide accelerators - along with natural rubber, polydiene rubber, carbon black, and a curative system. This accelerator blend provides optimal tire wear and aging without significant loss in other properties like processing.

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RFID tag coating rubber composition for tires that balances communication performance, crack resistance, adhesion, and elastic modulus. The composition contains a rubber component, sulfur, silica, and a guanidine-based vulcanization accelerator. The sulfur is mainly insoluble and has a high content of 6.0 parts by mass per 100 parts rubber. The insoluble sulfur improves elastic modulus without blooming or tackiness issues. The guanidine accelerator prevents modulus loss and vulcanization decay.

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Compounds with multiple organic thiosulfate groups for improving aging, adhesion, and vulcanization properties in rubber compositions. The compounds are represented by formula I: S,S′,S″-((1,3,5-triazinane-1,3,5-triyl)tris(R1-1,1-diyl)) tris(sulfurothioate), where R1 is a methyl, ethyl, or propyl group. These compounds can be made by reacting a haloalkylamine hydrohalide with a metal thiosulfate to form a Bunte salt, followed by deprotonation and reaction with an aldehyde. They can be used in vulcanizable elastomeric formulations at 0.1-5 parts per 100 parts elastomer to improve aging, adhesion, and

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Rubber composition for non-pneumatic tire spokes that provides ozone resistance and adhesion to cords without compromising fatigue and tear strength. The composition contains ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) rubber along with a lower amount of another elastomer like natural rubber or polyisoprene. This balance improves ozone resistance while maintaining properties like adhesion and tear strength. The composition also includes reinforcing fillers like carbon black and silica for improved tear strength and degradation resistance. The curative system includes vulcanizing agents, accelerators, activators, inhibitors, and anti-scorching agents for curing the rubber.

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Preparing elastomeric compounds for tyres with reduced zinc content, characterised by the incorporation of particular vulcanisation-activating fillers and by a precise sequence of adding some components of the compound. The preparation includes a number of components of the compound, a certain number of fatty acids, at least one product comprising zinc directly bound to a white filler, and at least one compatibilising agent (silane).

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Triazinane derivatives with three aminecarbotrithioate end-groups that act as both cross-linking agents and vulcanization accelerators in rubber compounds. These triazinane compounds, like (1,3,5-triazinane-1,3,5-triyl)tris(propane-3,1-diyl) tris(dibenzylcarbamo(dithioperoxo)thioate), have dual effects during rubber vulcanization: they cross-link the rubber matrix by splitting their disulfide bonds, and they accelerate vulcanization by generating dithiocarbamate radicals. The compounds can be synthesized by reacting triazinane compounds with dithiocarbamate salts in water.

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A silane compound for improving the durability of rubber compounds used in vehicle tires. The silane has a specific structure with functional groups that provide benefits when added to rubber mixtures. The silane has a urea group (-HNC(═O)NH-) for bonding to the rubber, an acid amide group (-HNC(═O) or -C(═O)NH-) for reacting with double bonds in the rubber, and alkoxy groups (-ORn, where R is an alkyl or aryl group) on the silicon atom for crosslinking during vulcanization. The silane improves tire durability by enhancing the rubber-silane bond strength, increasing rubber-silane crosslinking, and facilitating silane grafting onto the rubber.

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A silane compound with high reactivity with organic polymers like rubber and high affinity with inorganic materials like silica or glass. The compound has a unique reactive functional group with low polarity and a hydrolyzable group. It improves dispersion and adhesion properties when mixed with low-polarity materials like rubber. The compound is useful as a silane coupling agent in rubber compositions and as an adhesion aid in adhesives and sealants. It can be synthesized by hydrosilylation of an alicyclic epoxy compound with trimethoxysilane or triethoxysilane in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst.

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Rubber compound for making rubber products like tires without using zinc oxide as a vulcanization activator. The compound replaces zinc oxide with halogenated graphite. This allows reducing or eliminating zinc oxide for environmental benefits without compromising vulcanization and mechanical properties. The compound consists of a cross-linkable polymer base, reinforcing filler, sulfur, accelerants, and halogenated graphite as the sole vulcanization activator.

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Rubber composition and tire with improved abrasion resistance by optimizing the distribution of vulcanization accelerators during compounding. The composition contains a sulfur atom-containing accelerator that disperses better in the rubber before adding fillers. This reduces adsorption of the accelerator onto fillers, allowing more uniform crosslinking during vulcanization. The dispersed accelerator is combined with a separate non-sulfur releasing accelerator. This prevents excessive crosslinking during kneading. The composition also contains zinc oxide as a catalyst carrier. The dispersed accelerators and filler-kneaded rubber are mixed with sulfur. This provides more uniform crosslink density and better abrasion resistance.

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Rubber composition with improved vulcanization rates for tire rubber, vibration dampers, belts, etc. The composition contains a vulcanization aid compound with a specific structure. The aid compound has an active group represented by formula (W) with a single bond connecting Z1 to another group. This group accelerates vulcanization of rubber components. The aid compound can have other substituents. The vulcanization aid improves cure rates when added to rubber compositions for products like tires.

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A method for producing a vulcanized rubber composition with improved low temperature grip and reduced rolling resistance compared to conventional rubber compounds. The method involves adding a specific compound called aminoguanidine during the initial kneading step before vulcanization. The aminoguanidine compound helps control the rubber's glass transition temperature and loss tangent at 0°C and 60°C. This allows enhancing grip at low temps while reducing rolling resistance. The final vulcanized rubber composition contains the rubber, filler, coupling agent, aminoguanidine, sulfur, and vulcanization accelerator.

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Rubber composition for self-sealing tires with improved adhesion, sealing performance, fluidity, and processability. The composition contains a butyl rubber, liquid polymer, organic peroxide, and crosslinking activator. The liquid polymer has specific kinematic viscosities at 100°C and 40°C. The organic peroxide and crosslinking activator are in a specific range. This composition provides better properties like tensile elongation, adhesion, sealing, fluidity, and processability compared to similar compositions lacking these ingredients.

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Using hydrocarbon polymer modifiers with functional groups to anchor them to fillers and/or elastomers in rubber compounds. This anchoring improves long term elastomeric performance, such as in tires. The modifiers are made by interpolymerizing hydrocarbon monomers like piperylenes, cyclic pentadienes, aromatics, limonenes, pinenes, and amylenes. Functional groups on the modifiers can be used to couple them to fillers like silica during rubber processing. This anchoring prevents migration of the modifiers to the surface over time and maintains compound properties. The functionalized modifiers can also be pre-reacted with crosslinking agents like organosilanes before adding them to the rubber mix.

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Rubber composition for tire with improved processability, low loss property, breaking resistance, and wear resistance. The composition contains a glycerin fatty acid ester, a silane coupling agent, and an activator added during kneading without the vulcanizing agent. This improves silica dispersion, reduces pre-vulcanization viscosity, and enhances low loss properties. The activator can be thioureas, ammonium thiocyanates, cysteines, thiadiazoles, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates, or benzothiazoles. The fatty acid component of the ester is 10-90% of the total fatty acids.

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Polymer with pendant associative groups along its chain that improves dispersion of fillers in compositions like tire rubber. The polymer has units derived from butadiene and styrene, as well as pendant subunits grafted onto some of the backbone units. The grafted subunits contain associative groups like imidazolidinyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, ureido-pyrimidyl, or nitrogen-containing dipoles. These associative groups promote interaction between the polymer and fillers like carbon black or silica to improve filler dispersion and reduce hysteresis when the polymer is used in compositions. The polymer is made by grafting the modifying agent containing the associative groups and reactive group onto a diene polymer like SBR.

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Rubber composition for tire manufacture that uses thiazoline compounds as vulcanization accelerators instead of traditional accelerators like sulphenamides. The composition contains diene elastomers, reinforcing fillers, and a thiazoline-based vulcanization system. The thiazoline accelerators improve rheometric properties compared to conventional accelerators. The composition can have improved green strength, processability, and cure kinetics.

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Functionalizing rubber to improve filler compatibility and vulcanization properties for better tire performance. The functionalization involves adding terminators to the ends of rubber chains during polymerization to create functionalized rubber. The terminators are compounds like ethylene sulfide and chlorotriethoxysilane. This functionalization enhances the rubber's affinity for fillers like carbon black and silica. It reduces hysteresis (rolling resistance) and improves traction compared to unfunctionalized rubber. The functionalization can be done during polymerization using multifunctional initiators to end-cap the chains with metals from group I or II.

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Rubber composition for tires that improves rheometric properties and vulcanization performance compared to conventional accelerators. The composition uses a specific thiadiazole compound as the vulcanization accelerator. It also contains diene elastomers, reinforcing fillers, and a vulcanization system. The thiadiazole compound has a formula with a thiadiazole ring and a substituent like an amine. The composition can be used in tire manufacturing to provide similar rheometric properties to conventional accelerators while improving vulcanization performance.

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Rubber composition suitable for cushion rubbers of tires retreaded by using particularly a pre-cure tread (PCT) retreading method for adhering a vulcanized pre-cure tread rubber onto a buffed tire casing via an unvulcanized cushion rubber, wherein retreaded tires are produced and reused by replacing tread rubbers of pneumatic tires such as truck and bus tires (TBR) and aircraft tires in which tread rubbers are worn down. The composition comprises 0.3 to 2.5 parts by mass of aldehydeamines, 0.1 to 1.5 part by mass of at least one compound selected from a group consisting of tetra(2-ethylhexyl)thiuram disulfide, and a vulcanization accelerator such as benzothiazyldisulfide a vulcanization ultra-accelerator such as tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide, and an amine activator for curing.

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Preparing rubber compositions with improved filler-polymer interaction by in situ functionalization of the elastomer with organoaminoalkoxysilanes during mixing with fillers like precipitated silica. This involves reacting the elastomer with alkoxysilanes containing amino groups in the absence of primary/secondary amines to form elastomer-filler bonds. This improves filler dispersion and rubber reinforcement compared to traditional methods. The in situ functionalization allows tuning filler-polymer interaction without modifying the filler surface or adding extra compounds. The functionalized elastomer compositions can be used in tires, for example.

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Rubber tire compound with improved crack propagation resistance without compromising other properties like rolling resistance. The compound contains treated silica with an adsorbed curing activator like sulphenamides, benzothiazoles, guanidines, or thiurams. This treated silica improves crack resistance when used in conjunction with the normal filler and polymer components of the tire compound.

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Activated silane compound for rubber compositions that enhances interaction with silica, improving properties like fracture strength, abrasion resistance, and low heat buildup. The compound is made by reacting a hydrocarbyloxysilane with an organic metal compound in an organic solvent. This activated silane is blended with silica-filled rubber compositions in small amounts (1-20% based on silica) to enhance silica-rubber bonding, leading to better rubber properties. The activated silane compound provides a more reactive silane for silica coupling compared to traditional silane coupling agents.

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Winter tires with improved grip on melting ice compared to studless tires. The tread composition contains specific chemical additives like carbonates, carboxylic acids, and hydrocarbon resins. The additives enhance grip on ice by forming bubbles in the rubber during vulcanization. This foam structure provides traction on melting ice surfaces by allowing the tire to deform and conform to the irregularities of the ice. The foam also reduces the pressure between the tire and ice, allowing the tire to grip better. The foam structure is achieved by using high filler content, blowing agents, and activators in the rubber composition.

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Tyre with integrated electronic sensor and anchoring body that can withstand the forces and vibrations of driving without damage. The anchoring body is made of a crosslinked elastomeric composition containing a specific ratio of synthetic diene rubber and halogenated butyl rubber. The composition absorbs compression from centrifugal force, axial and longitudinal forces during driving without cracking or rupturing. This allows the sensor to accurately measure tire performance over time. The composition can further contain vulcanization activators, accelerators, anti-reversion agents, and antioxidants.

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A novel alkoxysilyl group-containing azo compound that is reactive even in the presence of water, and methods to produce it. The compound can be synthesized by thiol-ene reaction between a thiol group and a terminal alkenyl group. It can be used as a radical generator for polymerization, an initiator for iodine transfer polymerization, a silane coupling agent for rubber, and a modifier for polymers. The compound improves rubber properties like decreased heat build-up, better reinforcement, lower viscosity, and less scorch resistance compared to conventional silane coupling agents.

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Curing activators for rubber compounds that provide faster curing without reducing adhesion compared to traditional fatty acid activators. The activators have specific chemical structures, like [(CH3)3N(CH2)8CHCH(CH2)7CH3]+I- or [(CH2CHCH2)3N(CH2)15CH3]+Br-, that can be used in place of fatty acids to activate the curing process of rubber compounds. The activators allow faster curing without the issues of fatty acid activators like zinc salt migration that reduce adhesion.

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Rubber composition for tire treads that balances abrasion resistance, heat aging resistance, processability, and fuel economy. The composition contains a rubber, silica, a silane coupling agent, a sulfur vulcanizing agent, and two vulcanization accelerators - a sulfenamide or thiazole accelerator and a thiuram accelerator. This combination of accelerators with sulfur allows vulcanization to provide the desired tire properties.

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Activated silane compound for improving silica-rubber composites in tire applications. The compound is obtained by reacting a hydrocarbyloxysilane with an organic metal compound in an organic solvent. This activated silane is added to rubber compositions containing silica at 1-20% based on silica mass. It enhances silica reactivity, improving properties like fracture resistance, abrasion resistance, and low heat generation in tires.

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Activated silane compound for enhancing silica-rubber interaction and tire durability. The compound is made by reacting a hydrocarbyloxysilane with an organic metal compound in an organic solvent. It has higher reactivity with silica compared to traditional silane coupling agents. This allows using lower amounts of the activated silane in rubber compositions for improved properties like fracture resistance, abrasion resistance, and low heating properties. The activated silane compound can be used in silica-filled rubber compositions for tires to enhance durability and reduce blending amounts compared to traditional silane coupling agents.

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Using S-(3-aminopropyl)thiosulfuric acid and/or its metal salts to improve the durability of rubber compositions like tire rubber without compromising other properties like processing and cure time. The method involves adding a specific amount of the thiosulfuric acid derivative to the rubber component before compounding and kneading. This is followed by thermal treatment to vulcanize the rubber. The amount of thiosulfuric acid derivative added is 0.05-2.5 parts by weight per part of sulfur. It also involves using an extra vulcanization accelerator, over 1 part by weight per part of sulfur. This allows durability enhancement without affecting other properties.

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Curing activators for rubber compounds that provide fast cure rates while reducing the use of fatty acids, which can negatively impact adhesion. The activators have a specific molecular structure with quaternary ammonium cations and long alkyl chains. They activate the curing process of unsaturated polymer rubbers without the issues of fatty acids like reduced adhesion. The activators can replace or supplement fatty acids in rubber formulations to improve cure speed while maintaining adhesion.

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Activated halo-containing aralkylsilanes for rubber compounds that improve reinforcement and abrasion resistance. The silanes have a hydrolyzable group bonded to silicon and a halo functional group bonded to carbon. They can be used in rubber compositions with fillers like silica for tires. The silanes improve filler reinforcement compared to traditional silanes. The activation process involves steps like chlorination or bromination to create the halo group. The activated silanes can also be used to modify fillers like silica for better rubber adhesion.

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Tyre with an embedded electronic device for monitoring tyre performance, using an anchoring body made from a specific rubber composition. The anchoring body is mounted inside the tyre to connect the electronic device to the tyre. The rubber composition is a crosslinkable elastomeric composition containing both synthetic diene rubber and halogenated butyl rubber. This rubber provides good compression and crack resistance to absorb the mechanical forces from the rotating tyre and prevent damage to the electronics. The composition may also include vulcanization activators, accelerators, anti-reversion agents, and antioxidants.

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Rubber composition for tires, belts, and other applications that provides improved processing and adhesion properties. The composition contains a specific sulfenamide-based vulcanization accelerator, a bismaleimide derivative, sulfur, and a rubber component. The accelerator has a structure with a sulfenamide group connected to a branched or long alkyl group and an aromatic ring. The bismaleimide derivative enhances adhesion while the accelerator provides delayed vulcanization. This composition allows good milling and processing with favorable scorch times and adhesion to metals.

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Rubber processing aid that improves green strength, tack, and reduces viscosity of rubber compounds without negatively impacting the cured rubber properties. The aid is made by extruding a mixture of vulcanized rubber powder, thermoplastic resin, oxidizing peptizing agent, and rubber activators in a controlled temperature extruder. The extrusion process forms free-flowing pellets of the processing aid that can be added to rubber compounds during mixing to improve green strength, tack, and reduce viscosity.

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Rubber composition with improved workability, vulcanization characteristics, and viscoelastic properties for tires. The composition contains specific amine salts as vulcanization accelerators that provide balance between dispersion of fillers like silica, vulcanization efficiency, and rubber compound properties. The amine salts have structures with groups like amine, carboxylate, and unsaturated carboxylic acid. They improve the Mooney viscosity, scorch time, and vulcanization time compared to conventional accelerators.

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A rubber composition for covering steel cords in tires that has improved adhesion stability and peel force compared to conventional compositions. The composition contains a specific combination of accelerator and filler. It uses N-t-butyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenimide (TBSI) accelerator instead of the conventional N,N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (DZ) accelerator. TBSI improves storage stability by suppressing rubber composition degradation. The composition also contains active zinc oxide with a high specific surface area of 20 m2/g or more. This active zinc oxide improves adhesion while maintaining stability during storage of the uncured rubber-steel cord composite.

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Process to produce a modified polymer that enhances interactions with both silica and carbon black fillers when used in rubber compositions. The process involves modifying the active site of the polymer with a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound, then adding a condensation accelerator. The hydrocarbyloxysilane introduces functional groups to the polymer's active site, improving filler interactions. The condensation accelerator further improves the interactions and workability of the modified polymer with the fillers. The modified polymer provides improved fracture, abrasion resistance, and low heat buildup when used in rubber compositions containing both silica and carbon black fillers.

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Activated silane compound for improving durability and low heat properties of silica-reinforced rubber compounds in tires. The compound is obtained by reacting a hydrocarbyloxysilane with an organic metal compound in an organic solvent. It can be used as a silane coupling agent in rubber compositions containing 10-180 parts silica per 100 parts rubber. The compound enhances interaction between silica and carbon black, improving fracture characteristic, abrasion resistance, and low heat properties compared to conventional silane coupling agents.

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