High-Strength Materials for Tire Manufacturing

Rubber reinforcing material for tires that reduces weight without sacrificing durability. The material has a thin thickness by coating a densified warp yarn fiber base with a thin rubber layer. The densified warp yarns prevent wrinkling during coating. The coated fiber base is then rolled into a rubber reinforcing material with a total thickness less than 200 µm. This thin material can be used in tire construction to reduce weight compared to conventional tire cord.

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Rubberized strength member for elastomeric products like tires that has high strength and extensibility while being produced sustainably using recycled polyester (rPET) yarn. The rPET yarn is made from recycled PET bottles with specific properties to overcome the performance tradeoffs. The rPET yarn is processed through solid-state polymerization to improve crystallization and properties. The yarn is also spun at controlled temperatures to prevent premature crystallization. The twisted rubberized yarn meets tire strength requirements and avoids issues like filament breaks and low elongation.

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Pelletizable fiber blends for enhancing physical properties of composite materials without extensive fiber dispersion. The blends contain short fibers, including highly fibrillated fibers, and a binding agent. The fibers and binder are pelletized to increase density and improve storage, transport, and processing. Adding the pelletized fiber blend directly to polymers or rubbers without melting allows homogenous composite formation via pellet breakage. The pellets disperse fibers better than unpelletized fibers, improving composite properties like modulus, strength, tear resistance, and abrasion resistance.

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Modified conjugated diene-based polymers with improved affinity to fillers like silica for rubber applications. The polymers have a unique structure with a first chain derived from a conjugated diene monomer, a second chain derived from a macroinitiator with a compound having a formula like 1, and a functional group derived from a silane modifier connecting the chains. The modifier functional group enhances polymer-filler interactions. Preparation involves modifying the chain ends, then reacting with a macroinitiator to form the grafted chains.

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Preparing uniformly cured solid loading tires using a graphene oxide/natural rubber composite to overcome the issue of non-uniform vulcanization in thick rubber products. The method involves optimizing the composite formulation and vulcanization parameters to ensure complete and uniform vulcanization throughout the tire. The composite contains graphene oxide, carbon black, activator, softener, antioxidant, vulcanization accelerator, vulcanizing agent, and interface modifying agent. The weight ratios of these components are in a specific range.

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Controllable crosslinked natural rubber composite with improved properties like strength, tear resistance, thermal conductivity, and reduced heat build-up. The composite uses a vulcanizing agent-modified 3D graphene particle prepared by an in-situ chemical deposition process. The modified graphene is added to the natural rubber during vulcanization to enhance the composite's performance. The vulcanizing agent modifies the graphene surface to enable better compatibility and dispersion in the rubber matrix.

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Rubber compounds with improved properties for tire treads by combining functionalized diene polymers with silica fillers derived from biomass ash like rice husk ash. The diene polymers are functionalized with polar groups like -OX, -OR, -COOX, -COOR, -N(R1)(R2)X or -Si(R3)(R4) where X is a cation and R are alkyl groups. This functionalization allows better compatibility and adhesion between the polymer and silica filler. The biomass ash silica has specific cation distribution from the ash digestion process. Using this functionalized diene polymer and silica filler combination improves properties like rebound resilience, tensile strength, and damping performance compared to standard diene polymers with conventional silicas.

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Metallic reinforcing cord for tires that allows good adhesion to the surrounding elastomeric material without the need for coatings or treatments. The cord has a unique helical geometry where the metallic wires are spaced apart at certain cross sections to allow penetration of the elastomeric material. The cord consists of two or more twisted metallic wires with a predetermined twisting pitch. The spacing between the wires changes along the cord length to balance penetration and rigidity. This provides a metallic cord with a behavior similar to textile cords with low modulus at low loads, and high modulus at high loads.

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Temperature stable polymeric blend for non-pneumatic tire components like spokes that can maintain strength over a broad range of temperatures. The blend combines a thermoplastic polyester elastomer with a high temperature thermoplastic polymer like polysulfone. A compatibilizer resin, delayed crosslinking agent, and activator are mixed in. The blend can be prepared by melting the high temperature polymer and blending in the other components. The temperature stable polymeric blend is processable by injection molding and crosslinks to form a stable, high temperature tire component.

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ABSTRACT As the global transportation industry evolves, there is a rapid surge in market demand for engineering tires. Nevertheless, working environment becoming increasingly complex and challenging, tires are now subject to more stringent performance requirements, including reduced rolling resistance, decreased heat generation, enhanced wear cut resistance. In this work, type of Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG)/natural rubber (NR)/styrenebutadiene (SBR) nanocomposite was effectively prepared with silica as nanofiller. Subsequently, epoxidized natural (ENR) introduced into EUG/NR/SBR nanocomposites address issue agglomeration within enhance comprehensive nanocomposites. The relationship between ENR content further investigated. results demonstrate that reduces surface activity via hydrogen bond effect grafting reaction, thus enhancing dispersion. Moreover, at an 9 phr, dynamic temperature rise 25.2C volume abrasion 0.135 cm 3 1.61 km 1 , representing 12.2% reduction 21.1% decrease compared without ENR. This work develops innovative approach dispersion fillers EUGbased multifu... Read More

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Bulk nanocomposites with high nanostructure loading and low void volume for lightweight, strong, and high-temperature materials. The composites have a domain with aligned nanostructures like carbon nanotubes infused with a solid matrix material. The nanostructures occupy a high volume fraction while voids are minimized. This is achieved by aligning the nanostructures then infusing them with the matrix via capillary action. Densification hardens the composite. The aligned nanostructure array allows matrix flow. This allows making large-scale, high nanostructure volume composites with low voids using stacking and hardening. The composites can be used as feedstock for additive manufacturing.

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Elastomeric composites with improved properties by replacing traditional carbon black filler with a purified carbonaceous product (PCP) derived from coal waste. The PCP has ultra-fine particles less than 25 microns in size and low ash and water content. The PCP provides better dispersion and reinforcement in elastomers compared to conventional carbon black. It enables improved tensile strength, toughness, and elastomer performance compared to carbon black. The PCP can be used as a standalone filler or blended with carbon black. The composites have lower ash content and better sustainability compared to recycled carbon black.

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Using carbon nanotubes called Molecular Rebar in rubber compounds to improve tire durability and reduce environmental impact. The carbon nanotubes bind with the polymer matrix, improving wear resistance without detrimentally affecting rolling resistance, and reducing overall environmental concern over antiozonants in the tire. The nanotubes halt microcracks that form from ozone exposure, allowing use of less antizoonant or safer alternatives without increased tire failure. The nanotubes also slow antizoonant migration from the rubber.

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Adducts between pyrrole derivatives containing sulfur atoms and sp2 hybridized carbon allotropes like carbon black, graphene, and nanotubes. The adducts improve elastomer reinforcement by enhancing compatibility between the filler and matrix. They can be obtained by reacting the pyrrole derivatives with the carbon allotropes. The adducts have applications in crosslinkable elastomer compositions for tire compounds. The process involves mixing the carbon allotrope and pyrrole derivative at room temperature. The adducts formed provide reduced Payne effect and improved reinforcement at high deformations compared to unreacted filler.

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ABSTRACT The erosion and polarization effects were much more evident with the increase in plasma power for pyrolysis carbon black (CBp) arising from waste tire. However, a strong fusion effect appeared when reached 600 W. CBp400 W had best dispersion rubber matrix deepest interaction molecular chains. CBp600 worst most remarkable weak matrix. Compared NR/CBp0 W, tensile strength increased by 16.6%, DIN abrasion volume decreased 8.1% NR/CBp400 Its coefficient of friction (COF) resistance enhanced 22.6%/56.5% (7 N : 0.25 m/s), 13.5%/30.1% 0.5 7.6%/28.8% (14 20.3%/34.1% m/s) under dry conditions. steady COF 53% compared wet conditions, regulation was accordance that tan at 0C detected dynamic mechanical measurement. In this work, it proved 400 optimized power. Filler fillerpolymer crucial factors enhancing resistance. Additionally, research introduced novel approach assessing wetslip materials.

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Rubber composition for tires with improved wear resistance, breaking strength, and processability. The composition contains a rubber component and carbon black with specific properties. The carbon black has an oil absorption number of 105-122 mL/100g, CTAB specific surface area of 130-153 m2/g, D50/Dst ratio of 0.75-0.88, oil absorption difference of 11-33 mL/100g, and hydrogen evolution of 2300-3500 ppm. This carbon black provides wear resistance and breaking strength while avoiding excessive structure and agglomeration for better processability compared to conventional carbon blacks.

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This state-of-the-art overview highlights technical worth of a high-tech engineering thermoplastic polymer, poly(ether ether ketone), and its hybrids with carbonaceous nanoreinforcements carbon fibers. Accordingly, literature up till now reports on different categories multifunctional ketone)/carbon nanotube, black, fiber materials. These composites/nanocomposites have been fabricated through various techniques including solution processing, melt casting, prepreg method, injection/compression molding, three dimensional printing, other efficient strategies. Adding nanofiller/filler revealed significant enhancements in morphological profiles, heat stability, mechanical features, electrical conductivity, biological properties ketone). In the case composites, interfacial compatibility superior physical performance achieved sizing fibers (using nanocarbon nanoparticles or polymers). Subsequently, modification nanoparticles, fiber, ketone) backbone led to technically high end applications for aerospace, fuel cells, bone implants. Nevertheless, further research regarding design/structural o... Read More

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Benzoxazine-functionalized diene-based elastomers with reinforcing properties for rubber compositions like tires. The elastomers have polymer chains with repeat units from conjugated dienes like butadiene, isoprene, and styrene, and benzoxazine rings attached via spacers. The spacers are 3-8 carbon atoms long. The benzoxazine groups provide reinforcement when attached to the polymer chains. The elastomers can be used in rubber compositions for tire reinforcement instead of carbon black or silica.

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The introduction of hybrid composites, which integrate multiple reinforcements, presents opportunities for further optimization. Hybrid aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) and titanium diboride (TiB 2 ) are particularly noteworthy due to the complementary advantages provided by these reinforcements. Microstructural analysis shows good bonding between reinforcements; however, particle agglomeration casting defects indicate a need improved processing. While SiC dispersion enhances strength, TiB can be minimized through optimized processing, leading more homogeneous composite. Despite anticipated increase in hardness from overall decreased non-uniform defects, negatively affecting wear resistance. Quenched composite had lowest (113.03 HV), likely residual stresses interfacial issues. Such have been shown ideal automotive brake systems, aerospace sliding interfaces, structural wear-resistant components. synergistic interaction imparts superior resistance across range tribological conditions. This improvement is result microstructural hardening, efficie... Read More

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Carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) composite offer lightweight, high strength and toughness by combining benefits of resin fiber materials. However, current shaping methods face challenges such as forming difficulties, inconsistent shapes, significant mechanical damage. Herein, a CF/PEEK thermoforming device were designed. Thermoforming employs two heating molds (crimping mold at 310C roll pipe 400C) coiling roller operating 45 rpm to enable automatic efficient continuous production pipes with diameters ranging from 3 5 mm. High-strength retain excellent thermal stability during shaping, commendable properties-tensile 1467 N (decrease 8.8 %) specific stiffness 1.61 10 6 Nm/kg, 35-fold increase. Furthermore, stronger braided winding points introduced into hollow truss enhance their strengths, radial compression node-reinforced structure is 550 (improved 151 % compared that single pipe). This truss, its ultra-lightweight tensile/compressive strength, significantly expands application potential

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Metallic reinforcing cord for tires with improved adhesion and reduced corrosion compared to traditional metallic cords. The cord has a helical structure with a specific spacing between the metallic wires. The spacing allows the tire rubber to penetrate between the wires for better adhesion. The cord provides a balance of elongation and rigidity like textile cords at low loads, but higher rigidity like metallic cords at high loads. This is achieved by twisting the metallic wires together with a specific pitch.

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Reinforcing material and structure with improved reinforcement performance. The reinforcing material has a resin layer with specific components to enhance adhesion and strength. The resin layer contains a thermosetting resin, diene rubber, tackifier resin, and vulcanizing agent. The tackifier resin has a softening temperature of 75°C to 100°C and a bromine value of 30 g/100g or more. This tackifier composition provides good tack for initial adhesion while also allowing the resin to cure and harden for long-term strength. The reinforcing structure uses this reinforcing material to reinforce an object by applying the reinforcing material as a layer on the object.

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A method to make uniformly cured high-modulus graphene oxide/natural rubber tires that have improved wear resistance and tear strength. The method involves optimizing the vulcanization process for thick rubber tires using specific ingredient ratios. It balances internal and external rubber cure to prevent over or under vulcanization. The ratios are: 0.5-5% graphene oxide, 40-120% carbon black, 1-20% activator, 1-20% softener, 1-10% anti-aging agent, 1-10% antioxidant, 1-20% vulcanization accelerator, 1-20% vulcanizing agent, and 1-20% interface modifying agent.

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A method to improve the properties of graphene-modified natural rubber composites by enhancing interfacial interaction between the rubber matrix and graphene. The method involves loading a free radical scavenger onto the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) during its preparation. When the rGO-modified rubber is mixed, the scavenger annihilates free radicals generated from the rubber due to heat or force, improving interfacial interaction beyond hydrogen bonding. This increases rubber bound to rGO, enhances crosslink density, and improves strength and toughness of the graphene-modified rubber composite.

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Chemically modified precipitated silica with improved compatibility with polymeric matrices. The silica is modified during the precipitation process by adding alkali metal alkyl siliconates. This allows the formation of silica chemically modified with alkyl groups. The modification takes place during the precipitation without additional steps. The modified silica can be used as a reinforcing filler in polymeric compositions like tires.

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Method to prepare a wet master batch elastomer composition for making rubber with excellent processability and abrasion resistance. The method involves dispersing silica particles and an organic silane coupling agent in a styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) solution, stirring to pulverize the silica while modifying its surface with the coupling agent, removing solvent, drying, and solidifying to create a composite. Compounding this composite with additional additives makes a wet master batch elastomer composition with improved silica dispersion and binding strength in the final rubber. The composite has 8-20 parts organic silane coupling agent per 100 parts SSBR.

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Rubber composition for tires with enhanced wet grip performance, strength, and tensile properties. The composition contains a diene rubber, silica, and a silane-modified resin with a modulus of 700-1200 MPa and melting temperature of 110-140°C. The silane-modified resin improves silica dispersion and rubber matrix interaction compared to conventional silanes.

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Coating molding feedstock particles with discrete carbon nanotubes to improve properties like strength, conductivity, and processability. The coating thickness is 5-5000 nm on particles <5 mm. The carbon nanotube coatings have controlled porosity and surface modifications for sintering, wetting, and flow. The coating composition has <20% entangled nanotube bundles >5 µm in size. The coatings can be used in 3D printing, molding, and injection molding processes.

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Tyres for vehicles with improved grip, wear resistance, and low weight. The tyres contain a rubber matrix with functionalized carbon nanoparticles like graphene and carbon nanotubes. The functionalization improves dispersion of the carbon nanoparticles in the rubber. This provides better grip, structural and chemical properties, and abrasion resistance compared to unfunctionalized carbon nanoparticles. The functionalization involves treating the carbon nanoparticles with chemicals like nitric acid to modify their surface.

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Preparing composites with filler dispersed in solid elastomers using a wet filler method. The wet filler contains filler and a liquid present in an amount of at least 15% by weight. The method involves charging a mixer with solid elastomer and wet filler, mixing to disperse, removing liquid by evaporation, and discharging the composite. The mixer has temperature control and settings of 65°C or higher. This allows efficient filler dispersion in solid elastomers compared to dry mixing methods, without degrading the elastomer. The composite has filler loading of at least 20 phr with less than 10% liquid content.

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A complex material for applications like composites with improved properties compared to conventional biopolymers. The complex contains a polyamide compound made from specific dicarboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, and diamine units, along with glass fiber. The polyamide compound is kneaded with the glass fiber to make the complex. The polyamide composition provides enhanced mechanical properties like strength, elasticity, and fracture strain compared to conventional biopolymers. The glass fiber reinforces the polyamide matrix. The complex can be made by kneading the polyamide compound and glass fiber together.

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Process to make composite materials for elastomeric products like tires with improved sustainability and adhesion. The process involves activating textile reinforcement yarns with a bath containing polyisocyanates, waxes, and surfactants before immersing them in the rubber mixture. This coating improves adhesion between the yarns and surrounding rubber. The coated yarns are then used to create the composite material. The activation bath can be made from recycled materials like post-consumer PET bottles. The composite with recycled yarns provides similar performance to conventional composites but with lower environmental impact. The vulcanized composite material and resulting elastomeric products, like tires, have improved sustainability and adhesion compared to conventional composites.

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Rubber composition for pneumatic tires with improved durability without sacrificing elongation. The composition contains a diene-based rubber, carbon black, and phosphoric acid-modified cellulose nanofiber. Adding the modified cellulose nanofiber to the rubber composition enhances rubber strength without reducing elongation compared to using just carbon black. This provides better tire durability without compromising tire flexibility.

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Preparing flash spinning/electrospinning composite ultrafine nanofiber material by combining flash spinning and electrospinning techniques. The nanofibers and microfibers are produced simultaneously using separate nozzles positioned above the receiving belt. The microfibers from flash spinning and nanofibers from electrospinning mix as they fall onto the belt due to airflow from the spinning processes. The mixed fibers are then hot-pressed to bond. This results in a composite fiber material with improved strength, water resistance, and air permeability compared to separate flash spinning or electrospinning.

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Activatable material for baffling, adhering, and reinforcing components of articles like vehicles. The material has improved properties like high tensile modulus, strain to failure, and adhesion durability compared to existing materials. It contains polyvinyl butyral, a thermoplastic epoxy, carboxyl-terminated polymer adduct, and optionally other components like polymeric particles, mineral reinforcement, and epoxy resin. The material activates at higher temperatures to form a crosslinked network with improved mechanical properties when heated or exposed to certain conditions.

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Rubber composition for pneumatic tires that improves durability without sacrificing elongation. The composition contains a diene-based rubber, modified diene-based rubber, carbon black, and phosphoric acid-modified cellulose nanofiber. The modified diene-based rubber improves rubber strength, while the nanofiber further enhances strength. The composition allows reducing filler like silica to improve elongation. The composition can be used in vulcanized rubber parts of tires.

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A tire assembly using shape memory alloys (SMAs) combined with polymers to create structures with combined properties of elasticity and strength. The tire assembly replaces the inner tube in a pneumatic tire with a toroidal SMA structure encapsulated in polymer. The SMA structure absorbs load like a spring and prevents punctures. The polymer encloses and bonds the SMA to the tread.

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Pelletizable fiber blends containing short fibers and a binder that can be directly added to polymers or rubbers without melting the pellets to disperse the fibers. The pelletized fiber blends improve fiber dispersion during polymer processing, reduce fiber clumping, and provide better interfacial bonding between fibers and the matrix. The blends have less than 1% wax to prevent sticking during pelletization. The pellets can be used to prepare composites with improved physical properties like tensile modulus, elongation, tear strength, and abrasion resistance compared to unpelletized fiber blends.

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Modified conjugated diene-based polymer for rubber compositions with optimized properties like modulus and tensile strength. The polymer has specific viscosity, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution ranges. It is prepared by controlled polymerization conditions. The polymerization step involves using an organometallic compound and stopping at low conversion. The modified polymer is then reacted with a modifier. This provides a rubber composition with improved properties like modulus and tensile strength compared to unmodified diene polymers.

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Carbon fiber composite wheel rim with variable thickness for lightweight strength and manufacturability. The rim has a radially outer ply block, an axially outboard ply block, and an axially inboard ply block. The outer block is fixed thickness, the outboard block has variable thickness, and the inboard block also has variable thickness. A filling block connects the outer, outboard, and inboard blocks. This allows optimizing thickness and angles for weight and fatigue resistance. The variable thickness design reduces weight compared to uniform thickness while still providing strength.

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Silica-filled natural rubber compositions for tire treads that provide improved properties like tensile strength, tear resistance, wear resistance, and impact resistance compared to traditional natural rubber treads. The compositions contain natural rubber, functionalized synthetic polyisoprene, and a silica filler. The functionalized synthetic polyisoprene has silica-interactive functional groups that impart polymer-filler interaction to the natural rubber domains in the composition, resulting in enhanced properties from both the natural rubber and the functionalized synthetic polyisoprene.

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Polysaccharide-elastomer masterbatch for making reinforced rubber compositions with reduced water content. The masterbatch is made by mixing a polysaccharide dispersion with an elastomer latex and then coagulating and drying the mixture. This avoids adding water during masterbatch production, allowing lower water content in the final rubber compound. The polysaccharide provides reinforcement and reduces rolling resistance compared to carbon black. The masterbatch can be used in applications like tires, belts, footwear, coatings, etc.

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Composite material with enhanced integration between a high modulus fabric and thermoplastic elastomer. The composite has a woven fabric made of high modulus fibers sandwiched between thermoplastic elastomer layers. The thermoplastic elastomer penetrates the fabric openings and exposes at the other side. This anchors the fabric and thermoplastic. The fabric can have multifilament or monofilament yarns, but with specific weave characteristics. The thermoplastic elastomer softens and pushes through the fabric openings. The exposed area rate of the thermoplastic on the opposite side is 10% or more. This allows the thermoplastic to anchor the fabric and enhance integration.

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Preparing composites from solid elastomers and wet fillers with improved filler dispersion and rubber composite properties. The method involves charging a mixer with solid elastomer and wet filler (filler in liquid form), mixing at elevated temperatures to evaporate the liquid and discharging the composite with dispersed filler at high loading. The elevated mixing temperatures and liquid removal aid filler dispersion. The composite has reduced liquid content compared to wet mixing. This provides better filler dispersion in solid elastomer compared to traditional wet mixing.

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Method to prepare composites from solid elastomer and wet filler that provides high filler dispersion quality and functionality in the composite and vulcanized rubber. The method involves charging a mixer with solid elastomer and wet filler (liquid filler), mixing at elevated temperatures to evaporate some of the liquid, and discharging the composite with filler dispersed in the elastomer. The high temperature mixing removes more liquid and improves filler dispersion compared to dry mixing solid elastomer and filler. The composite has low liquid content and high filler loading with minimal filler loss.

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Rubber composition for highly wear-resistant tires, preparation method, vulcanized rubber, and application technology. The composition replaces some or all of the zinc oxide inducers with a combination of organic and inorganic zinc compounds. This reduces wear compared to using zinc oxide alone. The organic zinc compound is zinc stearate. The inorganic zinc compound is zinc carbonate. The mass ratio of inorganic zinc to organic zinc is 1:1 to 1:6. The composition provides improved wear resistance for tires, especially in extreme conditions like high speed and load.

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Method for preparing solid tires with improved thermal conductivity to prevent excessive heat buildup in high-load applications. The method involves using fluorine rubber, fillers like aluminum nitride, epoxy resin, glass fiber, and ellagic acid, in specific weight ratios for the tire liner and tread rubber. This composition provides good strength, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity for solid tires. The fluorine rubber increases high-temperature resistance, and the fillers improve heat dissipation by enhancing thermal conductivity.

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Rubber composition for winter tires that improves ice traction without studs. The composition contains natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, neodymium-modified butadiene rubber, carbon black, white carbon black, quartz powder, silane coupling agent, oil, zinc oxide, stearic acid, sulfur, accelerator, antioxidant, and protective wax. The composition improves ice traction by increasing surface roughness through large quartz powder particles and chemical bonding with the rubber matrix using a silane coupling agent. This pierces through ice films for better friction. The composition also maintains low temperature elasticity through the neodymium-modified butadiene rubber and oil.

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Carbon nanotubes for tire tread that can improve stable heat generation, fatigue properties, and tensile strength under rough driving conditions. The tread is fabricated from polymer material and includes silica as reinforcing filler, carbon nanotube as the filler, and silica as the silane group.

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A puncture-proof and high-wear-resistant tire compound for mining applications. The compound improves puncture resistance and wear life of mining tires compared to standard compounds. The key components are modified chopped carbon fiber, montmorillonite, and aromatic oil. The modified chopped carbon fiber is made by intercalating montmorillonite between the carbon fiber layers. This improves dispersion and reinforcement of the carbon fiber in the rubber matrix. The aromatic oil provides puncture resistance. The compound also contains carbon black, zinc oxide, tackifier, antioxidant, and coupling agent.

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