High-Strength Materials for Tire Manufacturing

ABSTRACT The erosion and polarization effects were much more evident with the increase in plasma power for pyrolysis carbon black (CBp) arising from waste tire. However, a strong fusion effect appeared when reached 600 W. CBp400 W had best dispersion rubber matrix deepest interaction molecular chains. CBp600 worst most remarkable weak matrix. Compared NR/CBp0 W, tensile strength increased by 16.6%, DIN abrasion volume decreased 8.1% NR/CBp400 Its coefficient of friction (COF) resistance enhanced 22.6%/56.5% (7 N : 0.25 m/s), 13.5%/30.1% 0.5 7.6%/28.8% (14 20.3%/34.1% m/s) under dry conditions. steady COF 53% compared wet conditions, regulation was accordance that tan at 0C detected dynamic mechanical measurement. In this work, it proved 400 optimized power. Filler fillerpolymer crucial factors enhancing resistance. Additionally, research introduced novel approach assessing wetslip materials.

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Rubber composition for tires with improved wear resistance, breaking strength, and processability. The composition contains a rubber component and carbon black with specific properties. The carbon black has an oil absorption number of 105-122 mL/100g, CTAB specific surface area of 130-153 m2/g, D50/Dst ratio of 0.75-0.88, oil absorption difference of 11-33 mL/100g, and hydrogen evolution of 2300-3500 ppm. This carbon black provides wear resistance and breaking strength while avoiding excessive structure and agglomeration for better processability compared to conventional carbon blacks.

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This state-of-the-art overview highlights technical worth of a high-tech engineering thermoplastic polymer, poly(ether ether ketone), and its hybrids with carbonaceous nanoreinforcements carbon fibers. Accordingly, literature up till now reports on different categories multifunctional ketone)/carbon nanotube, black, fiber materials. These composites/nanocomposites have been fabricated through various techniques including solution processing, melt casting, prepreg method, injection/compression molding, three dimensional printing, other efficient strategies. Adding nanofiller/filler revealed significant enhancements in morphological profiles, heat stability, mechanical features, electrical conductivity, biological properties ketone). In the case composites, interfacial compatibility superior physical performance achieved sizing fibers (using nanocarbon nanoparticles or polymers). Subsequently, modification nanoparticles, fiber, ketone) backbone led to technically high end applications for aerospace, fuel cells, bone implants. Nevertheless, further research regarding design/structural o... Read More

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Benzoxazine-functionalized diene-based elastomers with reinforcing properties for rubber compositions like tires. The elastomers have polymer chains with repeat units from conjugated dienes like butadiene, isoprene, and styrene, and benzoxazine rings attached via spacers. The spacers are 3-8 carbon atoms long. The benzoxazine groups provide reinforcement when attached to the polymer chains. The elastomers can be used in rubber compositions for tire reinforcement instead of carbon black or silica.

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The introduction of hybrid composites, which integrate multiple reinforcements, presents opportunities for further optimization. Hybrid aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) and titanium diboride (TiB 2 ) are particularly noteworthy due to the complementary advantages provided by these reinforcements. Microstructural analysis shows good bonding between reinforcements; however, particle agglomeration casting defects indicate a need improved processing. While SiC dispersion enhances strength, TiB can be minimized through optimized processing, leading more homogeneous composite. Despite anticipated increase in hardness from overall decreased non-uniform defects, negatively affecting wear resistance. Quenched composite had lowest (113.03 HV), likely residual stresses interfacial issues. Such have been shown ideal automotive brake systems, aerospace sliding interfaces, structural wear-resistant components. synergistic interaction imparts superior resistance across range tribological conditions. This improvement is result microstructural hardening, efficie... Read More

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Carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) composite offer lightweight, high strength and toughness by combining benefits of resin fiber materials. However, current shaping methods face challenges such as forming difficulties, inconsistent shapes, significant mechanical damage. Herein, a CF/PEEK thermoforming device were designed. Thermoforming employs two heating molds (crimping mold at 310C roll pipe 400C) coiling roller operating 45 rpm to enable automatic efficient continuous production pipes with diameters ranging from 3 5 mm. High-strength retain excellent thermal stability during shaping, commendable properties-tensile 1467 N (decrease 8.8 %) specific stiffness 1.61 10 6 Nm/kg, 35-fold increase. Furthermore, stronger braided winding points introduced into hollow truss enhance their strengths, radial compression node-reinforced structure is 550 (improved 151 % compared that single pipe). This truss, its ultra-lightweight tensile/compressive strength, significantly expands application potential

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Metallic reinforcing cord for tires with improved adhesion and reduced corrosion compared to traditional metallic cords. The cord has a helical structure with a specific spacing between the metallic wires. The spacing allows the tire rubber to penetrate between the wires for better adhesion. The cord provides a balance of elongation and rigidity like textile cords at low loads, but higher rigidity like metallic cords at high loads. This is achieved by twisting the metallic wires together with a specific pitch.

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Reinforcing material and structure with improved reinforcement performance. The reinforcing material has a resin layer with specific components to enhance adhesion and strength. The resin layer contains a thermosetting resin, diene rubber, tackifier resin, and vulcanizing agent. The tackifier resin has a softening temperature of 75°C to 100°C and a bromine value of 30 g/100g or more. This tackifier composition provides good tack for initial adhesion while also allowing the resin to cure and harden for long-term strength. The reinforcing structure uses this reinforcing material to reinforce an object by applying the reinforcing material as a layer on the object.

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A method to make uniformly cured high-modulus graphene oxide/natural rubber tires that have improved wear resistance and tear strength. The method involves optimizing the vulcanization process for thick rubber tires using specific ingredient ratios. It balances internal and external rubber cure to prevent over or under vulcanization. The ratios are: 0.5-5% graphene oxide, 40-120% carbon black, 1-20% activator, 1-20% softener, 1-10% anti-aging agent, 1-10% antioxidant, 1-20% vulcanization accelerator, 1-20% vulcanizing agent, and 1-20% interface modifying agent.

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A method to improve the properties of graphene-modified natural rubber composites by enhancing interfacial interaction between the rubber matrix and graphene. The method involves loading a free radical scavenger onto the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) during its preparation. When the rGO-modified rubber is mixed, the scavenger annihilates free radicals generated from the rubber due to heat or force, improving interfacial interaction beyond hydrogen bonding. This increases rubber bound to rGO, enhances crosslink density, and improves strength and toughness of the graphene-modified rubber composite.

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Chemically modified precipitated silica with improved compatibility with polymeric matrices. The silica is modified during the precipitation process by adding alkali metal alkyl siliconates. This allows the formation of silica chemically modified with alkyl groups. The modification takes place during the precipitation without additional steps. The modified silica can be used as a reinforcing filler in polymeric compositions like tires.

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Method to prepare a wet master batch elastomer composition for making rubber with excellent processability and abrasion resistance. The method involves dispersing silica particles and an organic silane coupling agent in a styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) solution, stirring to pulverize the silica while modifying its surface with the coupling agent, removing solvent, drying, and solidifying to create a composite. Compounding this composite with additional additives makes a wet master batch elastomer composition with improved silica dispersion and binding strength in the final rubber. The composite has 8-20 parts organic silane coupling agent per 100 parts SSBR.

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Rubber composition for tires with enhanced wet grip performance, strength, and tensile properties. The composition contains a diene rubber, silica, and a silane-modified resin with a modulus of 700-1200 MPa and melting temperature of 110-140°C. The silane-modified resin improves silica dispersion and rubber matrix interaction compared to conventional silanes.

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Coating molding feedstock particles with discrete carbon nanotubes to improve properties like strength, conductivity, and processability. The coating thickness is 5-5000 nm on particles <5 mm. The carbon nanotube coatings have controlled porosity and surface modifications for sintering, wetting, and flow. The coating composition has <20% entangled nanotube bundles >5 µm in size. The coatings can be used in 3D printing, molding, and injection molding processes.

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Tyres for vehicles with improved grip, wear resistance, and low weight. The tyres contain a rubber matrix with functionalized carbon nanoparticles like graphene and carbon nanotubes. The functionalization improves dispersion of the carbon nanoparticles in the rubber. This provides better grip, structural and chemical properties, and abrasion resistance compared to unfunctionalized carbon nanoparticles. The functionalization involves treating the carbon nanoparticles with chemicals like nitric acid to modify their surface.

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Process to improve dispersion of nanocellulose in polymers like elastomers and plastics. The process involves partitioning the nanocellulose during drying to prevent agglomeration. This is done by combining the nanocellulose dispersion with a partitioning agent like carbon black, elastomer latex, or wax before drying. The partitioning agent remains intact and spaced between the nanocellulose particles after drying to prevent bonding and agglomeration. This results in a nanocellulose dispersion composition with improved dispersibility in polymers.

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Preparing composites with filler dispersed in solid elastomers using a wet filler method. The wet filler contains filler and a liquid present in an amount of at least 15% by weight. The method involves charging a mixer with solid elastomer and wet filler, mixing to disperse, removing liquid by evaporation, and discharging the composite. The mixer has temperature control and settings of 65°C or higher. This allows efficient filler dispersion in solid elastomers compared to dry mixing methods, without degrading the elastomer. The composite has filler loading of at least 20 phr with less than 10% liquid content.

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Silane coupling agent for improving adhesion between polymers and fillers in composite materials. The coupling agent is a rotaxane compound with cyclic molecules and axial molecules penetrating them. One cyclic molecule has a functional group reacting with silica, while the other cyclic molecule has a functional group reacting with unsaturated carbon. This allows the rotaxane to act as a silane coupling agent between a polymer and filler when used in composite materials. The axial molecules have bulky caps to prevent the cyclic molecules from detaching. The rotaxane structure provides dynamic properties and enhanced adhesion compared to conventional silane coupling agents.

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A complex material for applications like composites with improved properties compared to conventional biopolymers. The complex contains a polyamide compound made from specific dicarboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, and diamine units, along with glass fiber. The polyamide compound is kneaded with the glass fiber to make the complex. The polyamide composition provides enhanced mechanical properties like strength, elasticity, and fracture strain compared to conventional biopolymers. The glass fiber reinforces the polyamide matrix. The complex can be made by kneading the polyamide compound and glass fiber together.

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Process to make composite materials for elastomeric products like tires with improved sustainability and adhesion. The process involves activating textile reinforcement yarns with a bath containing polyisocyanates, waxes, and surfactants before immersing them in the rubber mixture. This coating improves adhesion between the yarns and surrounding rubber. The coated yarns are then used to create the composite material. The activation bath can be made from recycled materials like post-consumer PET bottles. The composite with recycled yarns provides similar performance to conventional composites but with lower environmental impact. The vulcanized composite material and resulting elastomeric products, like tires, have improved sustainability and adhesion compared to conventional composites.

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