Multiphysics Modeling for Tire Traction & Heat Control

Simulating tire temperature distribution using a 3D tire model to improve accuracy and intuitiveness compared to 2D methods. The simulation method involves using a 3D tire model in simulation software like ABAQUS. The tire model is analyzed iteratively to improve accuracy by calculating heat generation based on mechanical properties at each step. This iterative calculation of power density for each unit improves the simulation by considering the mutual influence of cornering, abrasion, and rolling resistance on the temperature field.

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Computer-implemented method for simulating tire performance that accurately models tire behavior over a wide range of operating conditions and temperatures. The simulation method involves using a thermodynamic model to calculate tire properties based on factors like temperature, slip, and vertical load. The model accounts for effects like rolling resistance, tread deformation, and friction. It uses Fourier diffusion to simulate temperature distribution within the tire, and scaling factors to adjust material properties like stiffness and damping at different temperatures. The simulation can be integrated into existing tire models like the magic formula.

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Simulating tire temperature during rolling using a computer to accurately calculate tire temperature while accounting for complex tread patterns. The simulation involves two steps: 1) rolling deformation calculation using a 3D tire model with grooves, and 2) thermal analysis using a 2D tire model with filled grooves. By adjusting material constants, boundary conditions, and heat generation values based on rolling deformation, the 2D model accurately simulates tire temperature during rolling.

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A method to predict tire rolling resistance using finite element analysis to reduce the cost and time compared to traditional rolling resistance testing. The method involves creating a virtual 3D tire model, analyzing tire deformation on a flat surface with just load and air pressure, converting strain to energy loss and heat generation, and calculating internal tire temperatures.

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Creating a tire model for simulating tire temperature that accurately calculates temperature by considering both the heat transfer between the tire and road and the heat transfer between the tire and air. The method involves dividing elements on the tread surface into grounded and ungrounded elements based on a grounding condition. Heat transfer coefficients between tire-road and tire-air are separately input for each type of element. Then, a weighted average of these coefficients is calculated for each region of the tire to create a customized heat transfer coefficient that accounts for both road and air effects.

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Accurately simulating tire performance using a finite element method. The simulation involves creating a tire model with elements, setting expansion rates, calculating vulcanization-induced shape changes, calculating thermal shrinkage and residual stress, and analyzing tire performance based on those factors. This allows simulating tire behavior after vulcanization and accounting for expansion, shrinkage, and stress changes.

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Accurate tire performance prediction using simulation by creating a vehicle model with the pneumatic tire divided into elements, calculating the fluid behavior around the tire using the vehicle model, and accounting for tire rotation and vehicle motion to more accurately represent real-world tire performance.

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Method for simulating the physical behavior of a vehicle tire rolling on the ground that provides more accurate and realistic tire forces compared to traditional methods. The simulation accounts for factors like tire deformation, ground adhesion, temperature, and airflow. It uses a set of equations and iterative methods to calculate forces like longitudinal, lateral, and self-aligning torque. The simulation involves calculating forces based on tire parameters, ground conditions, and dynamic vehicle motion. It aims to provide real-time available values of tire forces more reliably than prior methods that lacked physical causality.

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Method for simulating the physical behavior of a vehicle tire rolling on the ground. The simulation involves three models: 1) a model of the contact forces between the tire and ground, based on adhesion coefficients and equilibrium conditions of shear and slip; 2) a model of the tire's dynamic behavior during rolling, using parameters like cornering stiffness and natural frequency; and 3) a model of the tire's self-aligning torque, based on force distribution and tire geometry. The simulation iteratively applies these models to calculate forces like longitudinal, lateral, and self-aligning torque.

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Accurately predicting the temperature distribution inside and outside a tire during rolling using a finite element analysis model of the tire. The method involves iteratively refining the tire model's material properties and analysis steps until convergence. The steps are: 1. Determine temperature and strain dependence of tire rubber properties. 2. Create a stress analysis model with finite element tire. 3. Calculate stress/strain with load/roll analysis. 4. Generate heat distribution based on stress/strain and rubber properties. 5. Perform thermal analysis to predict temperature. 6. Create new stress analysis model with updated rubber properties at predicted temps. 7. Calculate stress/strain again. 8. Generate new heat distribution. 9. Perform thermal analysis again. Keep iterating until temperature convergence.

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Method for predicting tire performance like drainage, snow traction, and noise without physically testing tires. The method involves modeling the tire deformation and fluid flow around the tire contact patch during rolling. The tire model has a pattern shape that deforms when it contacts the ground. The fluid model is partially filled with fluid, like water, and contacts the tire model. By simulating the tire deformation and fluid flow, tire performance metrics like drainage, snow traction, and noise can be predicted regardless of tire orientation.

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Accurately predicting tire temperature distribution during driving using numerical analysis models. The method involves two steps: 1) calculating tire stress and strain during loading or rolling using a 3D tire model, and 2) predicting tire surface and internal temperatures using a thermal analysis model that adds the tire model, divided air inside, and optionally wheel sections. This allows accounting for heat dissipation from the rim and internal air.

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Accurately analyzing tire performance by modeling the road surface as an elastic body and a viscoelastic body. This involves numerically analyzing tire performance using finite element analysis when the tire is in contact with an elastic and viscous road surface model. This provides more accurate predictions of tire deformation, stress, and strain compared to modeling the road as a rigid body. By modeling the road as an elastic or viscoelastic body, the deformation of the tire's tread can be accurately predicted. This enables more accurate tire performance analysis.

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A simulation method for predicting tire behavior while accounting for the microstructure of tire components. The method involves reproducing the tire and tire components at multiple scales. It starts by predicting the physical properties of the tire components based on the properties of their constituent phases. Then it simulates tire behavior using models of the whole tire with input from the predicted component properties. Finally, it simulates the component behavior with models of the component regions using the predicted tire loading. This allows linking the microstructure of tire components to overall tire performance.

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A tire performance prediction method that accurately determines tire rolling resistance by considering the temperature, strain, and frequency dependence of the tire material properties. The method involves iteratively updating the material properties in a finite element analysis (FEM) model until convergence, when the tire temperature distribution stabilizes. This allows capturing the material property variations during rolling and more accurately predicting rolling resistance compared to using fixed properties.

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Predicting the durability of rotating components like tires using numerical simulation to evaluate heat generation and fatigue in rolling conditions. The method involves creating a virtual model of the rotating component, analyzing its dynamic behavior, extracting strain and stress data, evaluating heat generation characteristics, and predicting durability based on heat. This allows assessing real-world rolling durability rather than just static conditions.

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Simulating tire/wheel performance using finite element analysis to accurately estimate tire, wheel and assembly characteristics. The method involves creating a finite element model of the tire and wheel assembly. The tire is divided into elements representing reinforcing cords and topping rubber. The wheel model is customized based on its shape and material. The simulation accounts for factors like friction and slip between the tire and wheel. It calculates forces, deformations, slippage, and contact pressure during rolling, acceleration, and mounting. The simulation provides insights into tire/wheel performance, steering stability, wear resistance, ride comfort, etc.

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Easily evaluating the residual cornering force (RCF) of a tire without actually measuring it. The method involves creating a finite element model of the tire, analyzing the model as it rolls on a virtual road surface to calculate the cornering force and self-aligning torque at varying slip angles, and defining the RCF as the cornering force when the torque is zero. This allows predicting RCF without physical testing, which can be incorporated into tire design steps.

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Efficiently designing tires that have optimized performance like drainage, snow traction, and low noise by predicting tire performance through fluid dynamics simulations during the design process. The method involves iteratively calculating tire and fluid models, recognizing their boundary interfaces, and applying boundary conditions until the fluid reaches a pseudo-flow state. Physical quantities are then determined from the models to predict tire performance. This allows predicting tire performance using fluid dynamics simulations during the design process, instead of relying solely on trial and error.

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Efficiently designing tires with improved performance like drainage, snow traction, and noise by simulating fluid flow through the tire. The method involves calculating deformation of a tire model, then fluid flow through a model representing the road and tire contact. The results are used to optimize the tire's internal patterns for better performance. The simulation iterates until the fluid model approaches realistic flow conditions.

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