Tread Bonding Enhancement for Tire Manufacturing

Retreading tires without using a curing chamber by facilitating adhesive curing using moisture. The method involves applying a primer to the tire casing and tread, then an adhesive over the primer. A moisture reservoir is coupled to the tread near the bondline. Enclosing the tread, casing, and reservoir in an envelope and vacuuming out the air to apply pressure. This facilitates curing of the moisture-curing adhesive using the moisture reservoir instead of a curing chamber.

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Recycled carbon black with improved properties for reinforcing rubber products. The recycled carbon black has a modified surface condition with specific characteristics that enhance bonding with rubber components. The modifications involve oxidative decomposition of rubber residuals on the carbon black surface followed by filling pores with carbide. This removes rubber carbide adhering to the carbon black and exposes the surface for better rubber bonding. The modified carbon black has a nitrogen surface area of 50-250 m2/g, a Raman peak intensity ratio of 1580/1350 cm-1 of 84-111, and fewer defects compared to unmodified recycled carbon black.

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Rubber compounds with improved properties for tire treads by combining functionalized diene polymers with silica fillers derived from biomass ash like rice husk ash. The diene polymers are functionalized with polar groups like -OX, -OR, -COOX, -COOR, -N(R1)(R2)X or -Si(R3)(R4) where X is a cation and R are alkyl groups. This functionalization allows better compatibility and adhesion between the polymer and silica filler. The biomass ash silica has specific cation distribution from the ash digestion process. Using this functionalized diene polymer and silica filler combination improves properties like rebound resilience, tensile strength, and damping performance compared to standard diene polymers with conventional silicas.

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Metallic reinforcing cord for tires that allows good adhesion to the surrounding elastomeric material without the need for coatings or treatments. The cord has a unique helical geometry where the metallic wires are spaced apart at certain cross sections to allow penetration of the elastomeric material. The cord consists of two or more twisted metallic wires with a predetermined twisting pitch. The spacing between the wires changes along the cord length to balance penetration and rigidity. This provides a metallic cord with a behavior similar to textile cords with low modulus at low loads, and high modulus at high loads.

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ABSTRACT Significant advancements in developing highperformance, sustainable tyre tread compounds have been achieved through the strategic integration of modified silica into carbon black (CB)/thermally exfoliated graphite hybrid filler systems. While benefits fillers such as CB, graphite, and are recognized, limited understanding their interaction mechanisms with polymer chains has hindered widespread adoption. This study investigates mechanical, thermal, dynamic mechanical properties an ecofriendly, green compound, focusing on both binary (CB/silica) ternary (CB, graphite/modified silica) The key aspect this research is utilization prepared by latex imprinting technique along epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) a compatibilizer to enhance between NR matrix. partial replacement CB thermally novel lateximprinted enhanced surface area provides excellent properties, low rolling resistance, improved wet grip, reduced heat buildup. porosity silica, coupled system, play crucial role reducing hysteresis, resulting resistance (0.0376), grip (0.0796), very buildup (13C). attribu... Read More

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Vulcanization bonding composition for producing laminates with improved adhesion between epoxy-containing rubber layers and fluororubber layers. The composition contains an epihalohydrin rubber, a hydroxyl-free tri- to penta-functional acrylate, an epoxy resin, nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate antioxidant, and a vulcanizing agent. This composition allows strong adhesion between the rubber and fluororubber layers when vulcanized, even using steam vulcanization. The hydroxyl-free acrylate prevents capture of radicals by hydroxyl groups during vulcanization.

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ABSTRACT A facile strategy to improve silica dispersion and enhance the dynamic performance of silicafilled green tire treads is herein proposed. In this study, sulfurized (Z)sorbitan mono9octadecenoate (SS80) was synthesized characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (LCMS), elemental analysis. It confirmed that (S80) can react with sulfur form larger molecular weight SS80 disulfur or polysulfur bonds. subsequently used in conjunction bis (triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide (TESPD) modify prepare silica/SSBR composites. Particle size analysis transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed incorporating reduced particle modified enhanced its composite. Dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), rubber process (RPA), tests demonstrated composites exhibit loss, modulus, improved wear resistance, maintained propertiesprimarily due dispersion. Overall, study provides a universal costeffective for enhancing dispersibility hydrophobic matrix.

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Rubber composition for tire treads that provides improved wet performance, rolling resistance, and snow traction compared to traditional tire tread compounds. The composition contains a specific blend of elastomers, fillers, resins, and curing agents. The elastomer blend includes a low styrene content SBR with a low glass transition temperature, along with polybutadiene. The SBR has functional groups for improved adhesion to silica filler. The composition also contains a blocked mercapto organosilane coupling agent for better silica bonding. This combination provides a balance of wet traction, rolling resistance, and snow traction for all-season and winter tires.

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Passenger car tires (PCTs) usually consist of a silica/silane-filled Butadiene Rubber (BR) or Solution Styrene (SSBR) tread compound. This system is widely used due to improvements observed in rolling resistance (RR) as well wet grip compared carbon black-filled compounds. However, the covalent bond that couples silica via silane with rubber increases challenge recycling these products. Furthermore, this strong unable reform once it broken, leading deterioration tire properties. work aims improve negative aspects silica-filled compounds by developing novel coupling based on non-covalent interactions, which exhibit reversible feature. The formation new was accomplished reacting and phenolic resin order obtain simultaneous interactions hydrogen bonding. reaction performed using two different silanes (amino epoxy silane) an alkyl phenolformaldehyde resin. implementation resulted improved crosslink density, better mechanical performance, superior fatigue behavior, similar indicator.

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Retread tire with improved durability to prevent separation of the recapped tread from the base tire. The retread has a recapped tread with dimples on the inside edge that extends into the tread. The dimples have a maximum diameter of 2-5 mm and depth of 1-3 mm. These dimples help prevent separation by absorbing and dissipating heat generated during driving, reducing the risk of the tread separating from the base tire.

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Process to make composite materials for elastomeric products like tires with improved sustainability and adhesion. The process involves activating textile reinforcement yarns with a bath containing polyisocyanates, waxes, and surfactants before immersing them in the rubber mixture. This coating improves adhesion between the yarns and surrounding rubber. The coated yarns are then used to create the composite material. The activation bath can be made from recycled materials like post-consumer PET bottles. The composite with recycled yarns provides similar performance to conventional composites but with lower environmental impact. The vulcanized composite material and resulting elastomeric products, like tires, have improved sustainability and adhesion compared to conventional composites.

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Upgrading micronized rubber powder (MRP) for large-scale reuse in tires by chemically activating the powder to improve performance. The activation involves treating the powder with silane during grinding to prevent sticking and using silica as a dusting agent. This functionalizes the powder surface to enhance vulcanization and dispersion in rubber compounds. The activation step involves contacting the powder with silane, silica, peroxides, or other activators. This allows using lower amounts of MRP in tire formulations compared to unactivated powder, which improves properties like tear strength, abrasion resistance, and dynamic performance.

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ABSTRACT In this study, the effect of (2,3epoxypropoxy)propytrimethoxysilane(KH560) concentration on relationship between filler and rubber matrix is investigated by using tannic acid (TA) tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) as intermediate reaction platforms for KH560modified hollow microspheres (RiM02) to enhance interfacial bonding RiM02 natural (NR). process, oxidized highly reactive quinone in TA reacts with amino group TEPA a Schiff base reaction. This followed accelerating rate metal ion complexation Fe 3+ . Finally, KH560 epoxy it ringopening The NR/RiM02@KH560 composites are prepared mechanical blending method. results show that adding improves vulcanization crosslinking degree composites, also improved. Compared unmodified RiM02, tensile strength, tear abrasion resistance RiM02TA@KH5609 improved 19.46%, 12.83%, 18.42%, respectively. Meanwhile, most significant, possess best rolling thermooxidative aging resistance. These findings provide reference value fillers reinforce rubber.

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Statistical copolymers containing vinylbenzocyclobutane (VBCB) monomer units for improved crosslinking in rubber compositions like tire treads. The copolymers have a statistical distribution of conjugated diene and VBCB monomers along the chain. This improves crosslinking density and distribution when cured compared to copolymers without statistical distribution. The copolymers are made by anionic polymerization with an initiator and randomizing component. The VBCB monomer forms crosslinks with both itself and the polymer backbone. The statistical distribution disperses VBCB units throughout the chain versus clustering or alternating.

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High-strength adhesive for tire manufacturing that provides superior bonding between polyurethane tire treads and conventional rubber carcasses. The adhesive contains specific components like polyurethane prepolymer, plasticizer, silane coupling agent, filler, anti-aging agent, and nanometer oxide. This formulation enables strong and durable adhesion between the dissimilar rubber materials in composite tires. It improves tire integrity and longevity compared to conventional tire adhesives.

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A rubber compound for bonding aramid cords in aviation radial tires to improve adhesion and prevent delamination during aging. The compound contains natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, a silane coupling agent, fatty acid, anti-aging agents, anti-scorch agent, and insoluble sulfur. The silane coupling agent improves bonding between the rubber and aramid fibers. The fatty acid and anti-aging agents enhance durability. The compound allows better adhesion of the aramid cords in the tire belt to prevent separation and delamination during thermal cycling.

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Producing a motor vehicle tire with improved bonding between textile cords and surrounding rubber to enhance tire durability. The method involves dipping the cords in a bath containing polyisocyanates to activate the bonding, instead of using resorcinol-formaldehyde dips. The cords are then coated with a rubber compound containing specific rubber types and carbon blacks. This avoids toxic and environmentally harmful resorcinol-formaldehyde dips while still providing adequate bonding.

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Rubber-steel cord composite for tire belts and carcasses with improved adhesion to steel cords. The rubber composition contains a specific vulcanizing agent, N, N-dibenzylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide, and a bismaleimide compound.

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Rubber-steel cord composite for tire reinforcement with improved adhesion properties without using cobalt compounds. It contains a rubber composition with specific ratios of sulfur, N, N-dibenzylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (accelerator), hexamethylene bis-thiosulfate disodium salt dihydrate and 1,6-bis(N, N-dibenzylthiocarbamoyldithio)hexane.

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Steel cords for reinforcing rubber products like tires have improved adhesion to rubber and better aging resistance compared to traditional cords. The steel filament has an unusual amount of iron at the top surface. The iron content is higher than 4 atomic percent in a thin 3 nm layer below the surface. The iron-rich layer enhances adhesion to rubber while retaining good properties. The cord can be made by drawing wire with increased surface roughness using diamond dies, and electrolytically coating with brass.

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All-steel radial tire with interrelated constant elongation of upper and lower treads to maintain tire performance balance after tread improvements. The tire has a stacked upper tread layer A and lower tread layer B. The key is having a specific ratio of 100% modulus stress between the upper and lower tread layers: (0.7-0.8):1. This prevents breaking the tire's overall performance when improving tread performance by matching adjacent tread properties.

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Sulfur-cross-linkable rubber mixture for bonding rubber to strength members like textile or metallic cords in tires, belts, and hoses. The mixture contains novolac resins and etherified melamine resins to replace resorcinol as adhesive promoters for improved adhesion. The novolac resins are produced from a phenolic compound, aldehyde, and carbamate resin. The mixture also contains rubber, carbon black, silica, plasticizers, stabilizers, vulcanization activators, accelerators, and sulfur.

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A pneumatic tire design that enables improved adhesion between a hydrogenated copolymer rubber and a diene rubber in a tire while maintaining the wear resistance of the hydrogenated rubber. The tire includes a rubber member A containing a hydrogenated copolymer, sulfur, and a triazine-thiol compound. Rubber member B contains sulfur and a diene rubber. The hydrogenated copolymer has a high molecular weight and high hydrogenation level. The triazine-thiol compound provides adhesion between the copolymer and diene rubber.

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Method to improve adhesion between the support structure and tread in non-pneumatic tires without using specialized resins. The method involves modifying the outer surface of the support structure in the radial direction to have wetting tension of 40-60 mN/m. This is achieved by surface treatments like corona or plasma treatment. Then a vulcanizing adhesive is applied to the modified surface and vulcanized to bond the support and tread. This ensures good adhesion without requiring resins with specific chemical structures or properties in the support structure.

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A method to manufacture non-pneumatic tires with improved adhesion between the support structure and tread without using resin-containing support structures. The method involves sequentially applying a first adhesive with higher affinity for the resin and a second vulcanizing adhesive to the support structure. This improves compatibility between the adhesives and the resin. The vulcanization bonds the support structure and tread to ensure adhesion without needing a resin-containing support.

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Polybenzoxazine adhesive for bonding metal to rubber that has improved thermal and chemical stability compared to conventional adhesives. The adhesive is made from a thermosetting polymer derived from benzoxazine monomers containing sulfide groups. The polymer can coat metal surfaces and bond to rubber for metal/rubber composites like vehicle tires. The adhesive has the same initial adhesion as conventional rubber/metal adhesives but with improved long-term performance due to its chemical stability.

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Tire design that reduces rolling resistance while ensuring wear resistance in limit run. The tire has a thin tread with reduced thickness in the shoulder region. To prevent separation of the thinner cap layer from the carcass in the shoulder, fixation layers are added between the cap layer and carcass. The fixation layers have higher adhesion than the cap layer to securely join the cap, base, and carcass. This prevents exposure of the more brittle base layer in the shoulder when contacting the road in limit run. The cap layer loss tangent is lower than the base layer to reduce rolling resistance.

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Cord for reinforcing elastomers like rubber that has better adhesion to elastomers compared to conventional steel cords. The cord is made by twisting together metallic filaments with resin filaments. An inorganic filler is added to the resin filaments which improves adhesion to rubber during vulcanization.

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Adhesive composition for tire cords that improves adhesion between tire rubber and tire cords while maintaining strength of the cords. The composition is environmentally friendly as it does not contain resorcinol-formaldehyde resin. The composition contains a reaction product of an epoxy resin and a diol compound, a water-dispersible polyurethane, and an isocyanate compound. The reaction product improves adhesion to rubber, the polyurethane provides flexibility, and the isocyanate crosslinks the adhesive to the cord.

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Ensuring quality of tire tread components during manufacturing to improve tire life by preventing defects like air bubbles in the shoulder. The process involves laminating the tread onto the base rubber after the belt layer is already applied. This eliminates the need for manual pressing and observation at the end to fix quality issues. After lamination, the base rubber is roughened and cleaned to improve adhesion between the tread and base. This prevents air bubbles and other defects in the tread pressing step since the base is already in place.

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An environmentally friendly adhesive composition for tire cords that improves tire cord strength while enhancing adhesion between the tire rubber and tire cord. The composition does not contain the harmful RF resin commonly used in tire cord adhesives. It uses a unique formulation of water-dispersed polyurethane and an epoxy resin reacted with a diol compound. The adhesive composition is applied to tire cords during tire manufacturing to enhance adhesion to the rubber without negatively impacting cord stiffness. This provides improved tire cord strength and durability while avoiding the environmental and health concerns of traditional RF resin-based adhesives.

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A tire design that improves adhesion between the cord and compound layers to prevent delamination in high-temperature, high-humidity conditions. The tire has a cap ply with first cords coated in a rubber compound containing silica, and a body ply with second cords coated in a rubber compound containing silica. This silica-containing compound on the cords improves adhesion between the cord and compound layers, preventing delamination in harsh environments.

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Rubber composition for metal adhesion in tires that improves the adhesiveness between the rubber and metal reinforcing cords after aging. The composition contains cinnamic acid and/or cinnamic alcohol blended with a diene-based rubber containing 80% or more natural rubber or synthetic isoprene rubber. The cinnamic acid/alcohol amount is 0.5-10 parts per 100 parts rubber. This composition provides sufficient hardness and improves metal adhesion compared to conventional rubber compositions for metal adhesion.

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A tire compound that reduces cracking of the rubber-resin interface in tire treads. The compound uses a complex layer sandwiched between the rubber and resin layers of the tread. The complex has a specific structure with an adhesive layer and a rubber side adhesion layer. This prevents cracking of the resin layer due to differential expansion between the rubber and resin layers. The adhesive layer provides strong adhesion while the rubber side adhesion layer helps accommodate the differential expansion. The complex layer is made from thermoplastic elastomers like thermoplastic polyester, thermoplastic polyamide, and polystyrene thermoplastic elastomers.

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Off-the-road (OTR) bias tires with improved durability and extended life for heavy-duty applications. The tires have a blended transition layer between the tread and base layers. This blended layer is made by mixing the rubber compositions of the tread and base layers. The blended layer provides better adhesion between the tread and base layers compared to using separate materials. This reduces the likelihood of separation and delamination over time in harsh OTR environments. The blended layer allows for gradual transition in properties between the tread and base layers, which can help prevent cracking and delamination at the interface.

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Tire design with a reinforcement layer in the tread region that improves durability and rolling resistance. The reinforcement layer is positioned between the belt and carcass ply at the tread end. The key innovation is using a composite fiber with fused cord ends instead of unbonded ends. This prevents cord separation and cracking during tire deflection. The fused ends allow locating the reinforcement layer further inward than conventional methods to reduce weight and rolling resistance. The fused ends also minimize the cord crossing points with the carcass ply to further reduce rolling resistance. By fusing the cord ends and optimizing layer placement, the tire has improved durability and rolling resistance compared to conventional designs.

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Rubber composite materials for reinforcing rubber articles like tires that have improved adhesion to the rubber compared to conventional reinforcing materials. The composite is made by covering the rubber with core-sheath composite fibers. The core is a high melting point resin like polypropylene above 150°C, and the sheath is a lower melting point olefin polymer like ethylene-propylene copolymer. This allows the fibers to directly bond to the rubber during processing without separating. The high melting core prevents fiber shrinkage during vulcanization. The lower melting sheath adheres well to the rubber.

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High-speed tire design with improved stability, grip, and durability at high speeds. The tire has a unique tread construction where the bonding surface between the upper and base rubber extends in a concave-convex shape. This shape generates more friction and shear force between the rubber layers when turning compared to conventional tires. This increased friction improves stability by reducing tire deformation and maintaining block rigidity during turns. The concave-convex bonding also reduces wear and improves tire life by spreading forces over a larger surface area.

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Pneumatic tire with improved final bonding between the tread and adjacent sidewall to prevent delamination and peeling while maintaining desired tire properties like wear resistance. The bonding is improved by controlling the sulfur content derived from crosslinkers in the tread and sidewall. The tread sulfur content is 0.56-1.15 parts per 100 parts rubber, sidewall sulfur is 1.3-2.5 parts, and the total sulfur between tread and sidewall satisfies a specific relationship. This prevents migration of excess sulfur during vulcanization that can cause filming and poor bonding.

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Pneumatic off-road tires with improved adhesion between the tread and base layers to prevent separation and extend tire life. The tires have a blended layer sandwiched between the tread and base layers. The blended layer has a composition that transitions between the tread and base layer compositions. This gradual transition provides better adhesion between the layers compared to abrupt interfaces. The blended layer contains a blend of both the tread and base layer materials to smoothly transition their properties.

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Pneumatic tire for heavy-duty vehicles that improves durability by preventing rubber cracking and maintaining adhesion between the innerliner and tire carcass. The tire has a special rubber layer between the airtight innerliner and carcass. This layer uses a specific composition with natural rubber, diene rubber, and low sulfur vulcanization. This suppresses elongation loss during thermal aging and ensures adhesion compared to conventional rubber. The composition contains 0.5-2.3 parts sulfur (if no bismaleimide) or 0.4-2.3 parts sulfur (if bismaleimide) along with 0.5-3.0 parts vulcanization accelerator. This balances elongation and adhesion.

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Resistant to thorn punctures in tires, especially when used in harsh road conditions with high loads. The solution is a three-layer pre-vulcanized tire tread design that improves strength, durability, and puncture resistance compared to conventional tire treads. The layers are: (1) a tread pattern rubber layer for grip and wear, (2) an intermediate reinforcing layer made of steel wire or fiber to enhance crown strength and resistance, and (3) a bottom rubber layer for isolation, cushioning, and bonding. This layered structure provides better load capacity, impact resistance, and tear prevention compared to single-layer treads, especially when refurbishing old tires or using pre-vulcanized treads.

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Solid tire carcass structure to prevent separation and aging between the tread and base rubber layers. It achieves this by having interlocking concave and convex blocks on the bottom of the tread rubber and the top of the base rubber. These blocks fit together like puzzle pieces to increase contact and friction between the layers, preventing separation and separation between the layers during high load and steering. This prevents early damage and extends tire life.

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Tire design with a tread that provides improved wear resistance and durability compared to conventional tires. The tread has two overlapping layers, an outer filled elastomer layer with lower elongation at break and lower tan delta, and an inner elastomer layer with higher elongation at break. The inner layer's higher elongation protects against cutting and penetration when the outer layer wears. This allows longer tire life before retreading is needed. The layers are radially overlapped, with the inner layer inside the outer layer.

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Pneumatic tire design with improved bonding between the tread and carcass to prevent delamination during tire manufacturing. The tire has a base layer, tread with cap layer, sidewalls, beads, and carcass. Pressure-sensitive adhesive sheets are sandwiched between the base layer, cap layer, and inner part of the carcass near the sidewalls. The sheets have width 5-20 mm, thickness 0.5-2.0 mm, and adhesive force ratio >1.30 between the cap and sheet. This provides additional adhesion to prevent air pockets and delamination during molding.

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A tire with a rubber tread that interlocks mechanically and optionally chemically with the polyurethane carcass. The tire has cavities in the inner surface of the rubber tread that protrusions from the polyurethane carcass fill to interlock the components. This provides a secure bond between the tread and carcass without adhesives. It involves molding the tire with the rubber tread inserted into the cavity and then injecting the polyurethane into the mold. Optionally, primers or adhesives can be applied between the components to enhance adhesion.

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Rubber composition for tire treads with high silica dispersibility and improved processability, and a tire using this composition. The rubber composition contains a diene rubber, silica, and a specific silane coupling agent with a sulfide group and polysiloxane structure. The coupling agent improves silica dispersion while preventing excessive thiol generation that impairs processability. The silane coupling agent content is 1-20% relative to the silica content.

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An adhesive sheet for bonding tires that addresses the shortcomings of existing adhesive sheets in terms of viscosity and tensile strength. The adhesive formulation for the tire bonding sheet contains specific components like cycloaliphatic epoxy resin, EPDM, trans-1,4-polyisoprene, silica, vinyl acetate, accelerator, softening agent, and antioxidant in specific ratios. This formulation provides the optimal balance of viscosity and tensile strength required for tire bonding applications.

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A tire tread adhesive composition for high speed radial car tires that improves tire durability and longevity. The composition contains specific amounts of sulfur, aromatic hydrocarbon oil, zinc oxide, and other additives. The optimized weight ratios of these components provide enhanced tire aging resistance, rolling resistance, and wet grip compared to conventional tire tread adhesives. The composition also contains cobalt naphthenate as a processing aid.

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Pneumatic tire design to improve high-speed durability and prevent tread cracking. The tire has a reinforcing layer between the tread and belt. The reinforcing layer contains short fibers oriented circumferentially and is located inside the shoulder lug groove. The thickness from the lug groove bottom to the reinforcing layer is 2.0 mm or less. This configuration prevents belt lifting and edge peeling while preventing tread groove cracking.

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