Nanotechnology-Enhanced Rubber for Tire Manufacturing

ABSTRACT A facile strategy to improve silica dispersion and enhance the dynamic performance of silicafilled green tire treads is herein proposed. In this study, sulfurized (Z)sorbitan mono9octadecenoate (SS80) was synthesized characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (LCMS), elemental analysis. It confirmed that (S80) can react with sulfur form larger molecular weight SS80 disulfur or polysulfur bonds. subsequently used in conjunction bis (triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide (TESPD) modify prepare silica/SSBR composites. Particle size analysis transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed incorporating reduced particle modified enhanced its composite. Dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), rubber process (RPA), tests demonstrated composites exhibit loss, modulus, improved wear resistance, maintained propertiesprimarily due dispersion. Overall, study provides a universal costeffective for enhancing dispersibility hydrophobic matrix.

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Passenger car tires (PCTs) usually consist of a silica/silane-filled Butadiene Rubber (BR) or Solution Styrene (SSBR) tread compound. This system is widely used due to improvements observed in rolling resistance (RR) as well wet grip compared carbon black-filled compounds. However, the covalent bond that couples silica via silane with rubber increases challenge recycling these products. Furthermore, this strong unable reform once it broken, leading deterioration tire properties. work aims improve negative aspects silica-filled compounds by developing novel coupling based on non-covalent interactions, which exhibit reversible feature. The formation new was accomplished reacting and phenolic resin order obtain simultaneous interactions hydrogen bonding. reaction performed using two different silanes (amino epoxy silane) an alkyl phenolformaldehyde resin. implementation resulted improved crosslink density, better mechanical performance, superior fatigue behavior, similar indicator.

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A method to make uniformly cured high-modulus graphene oxide/natural rubber tires that have improved wear resistance and tear strength. The method involves optimizing the vulcanization process for thick rubber tires using specific ingredient ratios. It balances internal and external rubber cure to prevent over or under vulcanization. The ratios are: 0.5-5% graphene oxide, 40-120% carbon black, 1-20% activator, 1-20% softener, 1-10% anti-aging agent, 1-10% antioxidant, 1-20% vulcanization accelerator, 1-20% vulcanizing agent, and 1-20% interface modifying agent.

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A method to improve the properties of graphene-modified natural rubber composites by enhancing interfacial interaction between the rubber matrix and graphene. The method involves loading a free radical scavenger onto the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) during its preparation. When the rGO-modified rubber is mixed, the scavenger annihilates free radicals generated from the rubber due to heat or force, improving interfacial interaction beyond hydrogen bonding. This increases rubber bound to rGO, enhances crosslink density, and improves strength and toughness of the graphene-modified rubber composite.

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ABSTRACT Highperformance rubberbased composites often contain significant amounts of fillers such as carbon black and silica. Improving the behavior with small nanomaterials remains a challenge, limited progress has been reported in recent years. A critical step this modification is to achieve uniform dispersion within composite. In study, nanotubes (CNTs) reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were predispersed sulfur using an innovative method then incorporated into commercial rubber. The quality synthesized their interaction evaluated scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis. CNTs RGO nanoplatelets deposited on particle surfaces, achieving extensive coverage. nanocomposites showed increased crosslink density. minimum torque observed for these materials compared rubber suggests potential lubricating effect during processing. Mechanical tests revealed impact nanomaterials: tear strength by 22% rubber/CNT nanocomposite, while resilience improved approximately 20% all nanocomposites. Contact angle measurements reduction surface wettability after wear... Read More

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Tyres for vehicles with improved grip, wear resistance, and low weight. The tyres contain a rubber matrix with functionalized carbon nanoparticles like graphene and carbon nanotubes. The functionalization improves dispersion of the carbon nanoparticles in the rubber. This provides better grip, structural and chemical properties, and abrasion resistance compared to unfunctionalized carbon nanoparticles. The functionalization involves treating the carbon nanoparticles with chemicals like nitric acid to modify their surface.

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Process to improve dispersion of nanocellulose in polymers like elastomers and plastics. The process involves partitioning the nanocellulose during drying to prevent agglomeration. This is done by combining the nanocellulose dispersion with a partitioning agent like carbon black, elastomer latex, or wax before drying. The partitioning agent remains intact and spaced between the nanocellulose particles after drying to prevent bonding and agglomeration. This results in a nanocellulose dispersion composition with improved dispersibility in polymers.

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Rubber composition for pneumatic tires with improved durability without sacrificing elongation. The composition contains a diene-based rubber, carbon black, and phosphoric acid-modified cellulose nanofiber. Adding the modified cellulose nanofiber to the rubber composition enhances rubber strength without reducing elongation compared to using just carbon black. This provides better tire durability without compromising tire flexibility.

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Rubber composition for pneumatic tires that improves durability without sacrificing elongation. The composition contains a diene-based rubber, modified diene-based rubber, carbon black, and phosphoric acid-modified cellulose nanofiber. The modified diene-based rubber improves rubber strength, while the nanofiber further enhances strength. The composition allows reducing filler like silica to improve elongation. The composition can be used in vulcanized rubber parts of tires.

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Embedding split ring resonators in vehicle components like tires to detect changes in material properties. The resonators are made from carbonaceous microstructures and respond to electromagnetic stimuli. By embedding the resonators in tires, changes in resonant frequency can indicate tire wear, deformation, or damage. The resonators can also detect environmental conditions like water accumulation. The resonator frequencies are based on the material's permittivity and permeability. The embedded resonators can be powered by triboelectric generators in the tire for self-powered sensing.

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A method to improve the cutting resistance and fuel efficiency of tires by using a specific masterbatch in the tire compound. The method involves mixing cellulose nanofiber dispersion, colloidal silica, and diene-based rubber latex to form a liquid mixture. The mixture is then coagulated to form a masterbatch. This masterbatch is then used to prepare the tire compound. The resulting tire has improved cutting resistance and reduced heat generation compared to conventional tires.

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High-load tire tread rubber composition that improves electrical conductivity of truck and bus tires using silica as the main reinforcing agent. The composition contains a carbon nanotube masterbatch and optimized amounts of silica, zinc oxide, stearic acid, vulcanizing agent, and accelerator. The carbon nanotubes enhance electrical conductivity while the silica provides the necessary reinforcement. The composition has electrical conductivity of 100 MΩ or less, allowing static electricity dissipation from tires.

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A tread rubber composition and preparation method for tires with improved electrical conductivity, low rolling resistance, and wet grip. The composition contains specific amounts of conventional carbon black, white carbon black, silane coupling agent, and protective wax. The preparation method involves mixing the components in a specific order to improve dispersion of the carbon nanotubes.

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Tire tread rubber composition for improved wet road performance, snowy road performance, and abrasion resistance in tires, especially for electric vehicles with heavy loads. The composition uses surface-modified nanocellulose crystals with isocyanate groups as a reinforcing agent instead of traditional carbon black. The nanocellulose crystals improve dispersibility by surface modification with isocyanate. The isocyanate-modified nanocellulose provides better wet grip, snow traction, and wear resistance compared to unmodified nanocellulose.

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Rubber composition for tire sidewalls that reduces heat generation and improves electrical conductivity without negatively impacting other tire properties. The composition contains natural rubber, polybutadiene rubber, carbon black, zinc oxide, stearic acid, antioxidants, wax, resin, oil, sulfur, and modified carbon nanotubes. The modified carbon nanotubes are made by oxidizing and coupling multi-walled carbon nanotubes. This provides lower heat generation compared to regular carbon nanotubes while maintaining electrical conductivity.

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Preparation method to improve dispersion of high-dispersion anti-aging nano filler for tires. The method involves modifying graphene and TiO2 nanoparticles separately, then mixing them in a ball mill to obtain a nano filler with improved dispersion in rubber compounds. This improves tire performance by preventing aging and cracking when exposed to UV radiation during use. The modified graphene and TiO2 nanoparticles have synergistic effects that enhance dispersion when combined.

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Rubber compositions containing nanoparticle fillers made of multiple layers of graphene distributed throughout the rubber matrix. The graphene nanoparticles are initially incorporated into a masterbatch with a non-rubber matrix like plasticizer resins. This allows easier handling and dispersal of the nanoparticles compared to using them directly in the rubber compound. The masterbatch is then added to the main rubber mixture to distribute the nanoparticles throughout the rubber composition. This provides improved physical properties like dynamic shear modulus and glass transition temperature when the rubber is cured. The nanoparticle graphene flakes have sizes between 0.1-1 micron and stack heights between 1-3 layers.

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A composition for tire treads with improved braking and wear performance while maintaining fuel efficiency. The composition contains rubber, silica, and cellulose nanofibers. The cellulose nanofibers can be either unmodified CNF or modified mCNF. Adding these nanofibers to the tire tread improves the braking and wear properties without sacrificing fuel efficiency compared to traditional tire tread compositions.

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Low rolling resistance and high wet slip resistance polystyrene-butadiene rubber composite material for tires. The composite material is prepared by in-situ modification of nano-silica with a terminal siloxane-based liquid fluororubber and a silane coupling agent. This improves dispersion of the nano-silica in the rubber matrix. The modified nano-silica enhances the rolling resistance and wet slip resistance compared to unmodified nano-silica. The modification involves hydrolyzing the silanol groups on the nano-silica surface with the terminal siloxane groups from the liquid fluororubber and the silane coupling agent.

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High wear-resistant green tire tread rubber composition with improved dispersion and wear resistance. It uses a unique surface modification and grafting process for nano-silica filler. The nano-silica is treated with phthalic acid diester to anchor the surface, then grafted with polystyrene using an organic dibasic acid. This forms a hard shell with high connection strength and barrier properties to isolate the nano-silica. The modified nano-silica is mixed with solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber to prepare the high wear-resistant green tire tread rubber composition.

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