Puncture Resistance for High-Performance Tires

Abstract The spoke as a key component has significant impact on the performance of non-pneumatic tire (NPT). current research focused adjusting structures to improve single NPT. Few studies have been conducted synergistically multi-performance by optimizing structure. Inspired concept functionally gradient structures, this paper introduces honeycomb NPT and its optimization method. Firstly, completes parameterization structure establishes numerical models NPTs with seven different gradients. Subsequently, accuracy is verified using experimental methods. Then, static dynamic characteristics these are thoroughly examined finite element findings highlight that NPT-3 superior performance. Building upon this, study investigates effects parameters, such thickness length, load-carrying capacity, stress mass. Finally, multi-objective method proposed uses response surface model (RSM) Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm - II (NSGA-II) further optimize functional NPTs. optimized NPT-OP shows 23.48% reduction in radial stiffness, 8.95% maximum 16.86% mass compared initial NPT-1. damping also ... Read More

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A puncture-proof and run-flat tire design that allows a vehicle to continue driving even if the tire is punctured. The tire has an inner tire body with hooks protruding from the inner edges. A separate spare tire can be rapidly attached to the hooks using fine-adjustment wires. This allows the spare tire to be quickly mounted on the hooks if the inner tire goes flat, preventing immediate deflation. The spare tire has blocks connected by elastic rings that can be adjusted to fit the hooks. This provides a simple and rapid assembly method for the spare tire to convert a regular tire into a puncture-proof run-flat tire.

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Pneumatic tire with puncture sealing and noise reduction. The tire has a sealant layer on the inner surface to prevent air leakage after punctures. It also has noise dampening strips attached to the sealant layer. The sealant layer has plateau regions where the strips are attached and adjacent bottom regions. The plateau regions have thicker sealant than the bottom regions. This allows more sealant below the noise dampening strips for puncture protection, while thinner sealant below the strips improves heat dissipation. The thicker plateau region also provides better sealing with less restriction.

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This study aimed to investigate the relationship between static stiffness of non-pneumatic tires (NPTs) and design parameters composites spokes shear bands using finite element (FE) method. The stressstrain curve rubber material was fitted neo-Hookean constitutive model. Subsequently, key parameters, including reinforcement plate thickness spoke band materials, were selected based on NPT structure. FE simulations performed multiple sets different parameter schemes for NPTs, polynomial models vertical, lateral, longitudinal stiffnesses established response surface analysis. sensitivity analysis results indicated that significantly influenced three-dimensional stiffness, whereas materials had a relatively minor impact. Finally, multi-objective optimization employed determine scheme with maximum while ensuring vertical load-bearing capacity. Under premise capacity, increased by 39.1% 32.9% in forward backward directions, respectively. method can be used predict NPTs under or optimize setting desired target facilitating rapid NPTs.

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Optimizing focus tracking in optical systems used for analyzing samples by selectively steering focus-relevant reflections to a detector while preventing interference from stray reflections. The approach involves using beam-steering optics and filters to direct focus reflections toward a specific region of the detector free of interference. This allows focus tracking to be improved by steering relevant reflections away from the emission light to prevent interference. The technique involves using a filter with a coating that reflects the emission light toward the sensor and transmits irrelevant reflections. Behind the filter, a movable reflective surface steers the relevant reflections relative to the sensor, while an absorbent material prevents the irrelevant reflections.

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Preventing autonomous vehicle malfunctions caused by electromagnetic interference during autonomous driving. The method involves predicting areas with strong electromagnetic fields, warning the driver if the vehicle enters those areas, and restoring vehicle electronics to a previous state after exiting to mitigate errors. The prediction is based on updating navigation maps with external electromagnetic information. This allows anticipating interference areas and alerting the driver when entering to prevent malfunctions. The electronics are restored after leaving to compensate for any errors caused by the interference.

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A distance measuring device that improves accuracy by reducing noise in time-resolved measurements. The device uses tensor calculation to differentiate between true and false distance measurements. It performs tensor calculation on multi-dimensional tensors with time axes for each pixel. This allows checking if a detection signal is true by looking for other light detections within a range of that time. This reduces false detections due to noise by verifying if multiple detections occur within a certain time window.

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A laser source with multiple independently mode-locked channels operating at different wavelengths, all sourced by a common gain medium. The laser source uses V-cavity VECSELs with coupled resonators sharing a gain medium. The V-cavities have angled axes relative to the gain medium layers. This allows separate pulse trains at distinct wavelengths without interfering. The angled axes filter specific spectral subsets from the broad gain. The source tunes wavelengths by reorienting the couplers. It provides coherent multi-channel lasers without active stabilization.

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LIDAR system for autonomous vehicles that improves performance by reducing back reflections and amplifying signals. The LIDAR system has a splitter array to distribute the laser beams to multiple output ports. Optical isolators at the output ports suppress reflected signals. This prevents interference in the amplifier. The amplifier boosts the distributed beams before transmission. This reduces overall power requirements and allows lower power lasers. The splitter array and isolators also enable using higher power lasers without damaging the system. The distributed beams are combined for point cloud generation. This allows higher resolution images with lower power lasers.

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An optical engine for navigation devices like robotic cleaners that can distinguish between different types of surfaces. The engine has multiple light sources that are switched based on the surface type. It also has a barrier to prevent interference between the emitted light and reflected light from the different sources. The barrier protects the components and prevents crosstalk between the light sources.

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High-frequency switch circuit with improved isolation in cutoff state. The circuit has two transmission lines connected to input and output terminals, and a switch between them. When the switch is on, signal flows through the lines. But when the switch is off, it acts as a capacitor and the lines become open stubs, increasing isolation between input and output.

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Reducing distortion in multichannel optical transmission systems by dividing the input signal into bands, phase modulating each band separately, and then synchronously adding the modulated signals back together. This allows using multiple phase modulators without interference or distortion buildup between channels.

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Optical module for vehicles with a camera, light source, and protective lens that prevents multiple reflections from returning to the camera and causing image distortion. An optical deflection element, like a groove or cavity, is added to the protective lens to divert the reflected light away from the camera's optical path. This prevents the light from re-entering the camera lenses and causing secondary reflections. The deflection element can be a groove on the lens surface, prisms inside the lens, a cavity, or a light-absorbing material.

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LiDAR sensor for autonomous systems that can distinguish reflected signals from nearby LiDAR systems to improve accuracy and reliability in crowded environments. The LiDAR uses multiple lasers emitting light pulses at different wavelengths. The wavelengths are chosen to have distinct spectra and intensity levels. The LiDAR captures the reflected pulses and extracts the desired wavelength based on a reference signal. This allows distinguishing the target's reflected pulses from nearby LiDARs' pulses. The LiDAR uses time or wavelength multiplexing to emit pulses from multiple lasers in a cycle. The intensity and order can vary. By encoding the pulses, it makes it easier to separate the target's reflected signal from nearby LiDARs' pulses.

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Synchronizing image captures by a rotating LIDAR device and separate cameras with rolling shutter sensors to minimize parallax artifacts. The LIDAR and cameras are synchronized by adjusting shutter speeds, triggering at aligned positions, or adjusting external clock rates. This allows capturing images from the LIDAR and cameras at specific times while they rotate to match scenes and reduce motion-induced parallax.

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Optical transmission module for low loss and improved signal transmission in optical fiber systems. The module has an integrated substrate with a channel for light transmission. The channel has two inclined reflective surfaces and two refractive portions at each end. The refractive index of each portion is progressively increased or decreased in thickness direction. This provides collimation and guiding of light between the transmitter and receiver without an air gap. The transmitter and receiver are misaligned with the refractive portions and have light guides to connect them. This reduces divergence and interference compared to separate components. The integrated channel and guides improve optical coupling efficiency and signal transmission compared to conventional designs.

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A polarizing optics setup for coherent LIDAR systems that improves range and precision by reducing signal interference. The setup uses components like high extinction ratio linear polarizers, polarization beam splitters, and waveplates in the LIDAR path. This fixed polarization between transmitter and receiver resolves errors from backreflections and improves range measurements from targets that don't fully depolarize light. It also allows using larger viewing angles with liquid crystal waveplates in the enclosure window.

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A stray light stripper for a fiber laser combiner to prevent overheating and damage from stray light entering the combiner glass tube. The stripper is a feature on the combiner glass tube that allows stray light to escape and scatter rather than propagate further. It can be grooves, notches, etches, or a layer with a different refractive index on the tube surface. This prevents stray light from entering the fiber bundle and causing heating and damage, improving combiner and laser system performance.

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Testing lidar sensors using a roller test stand with separate optical paths for the lidar's emitted light and external test light. The lidar emits its own light, which is received by a trigger detector to generate a trigger signal. Separately, a transmitter emits test light in response to the trigger. The lidar receives both the lidar's own emitted light and the separate test light, which are separated optically. This allows testing the lidar's reception and processing capabilities without interference from its own emissions.

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Using the lidar sensor's own light source to clear obscurants like water, ice, frost, and fog from the sensor window. The light source emits pulses that are well absorbed by the obscurant, creating heat that melts, sublimates, or evaporates the obscurant. This reduces the blocking effect on the optical signals and improves the sensor's ability to see through the window and detect targets. The light source can be used to optimize absorption of the obscurant by the light, allowing the sensor to operate effectively in conditions where external wipers or heating might not be as effective due to gaps between windows or vacuum seals.

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