Reducing Sulfur Content in Tire-Derived Pyrolysis Oil

Method and apparatus for clarifying pyrolysis oil obtained from waste materials like tires to remove impurities like sulfur and amines, reduce odor, and lower polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The process involves separating the pyrolysis oil from a polar solvent using distillation or a wiped film evaporator. The solvent is chosen to adsorb polar compounds in the oil. After separation, the clarified oil has a lighter yellow color and reduced PAH levels. The solvent is regenerated by passing through clay to extract adsorbed impurities. This allows continuous operation limited by clay column capacity.

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Method for preparing fuel components from waste pyrolysis oil (WPO) for use in existing refining units. The method involves treating WPO prior to hydrogenation to remove impurities like chlorine, nitrogen, sulfur, and silicon. The treatment step is hydrolysis at high temperature with water or basic solution. This removes impurities without catalysts or hydrogen compared to conventional hydrogenation. The treated WPO contains less chlorine, nitrogen, sulfur, and silicon compared to untreated WPO. This allows using hydrogenated WPO in existing refining units without issues from high impurity levels.

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Economical process to recover desulfurized fuel oil and fuel gas from waste tires by using a combination of hydroprocessing and distillation. The process involves hydroprocessing tire pyrolysis oil to desulfurize it, followed by distilling the hydroprocessed oil to separate into different fuel products like kerosene, naphtha, fuel oil, fuel, and diesel. The process allows converting impurities in tire pyrolysis oil into higher-value fuels while removing sulfur. It also involves using byproduct fuel and electrolysis to produce low-cost hydrogen for the hydroprocessing step. This leverages the excess fuel and hydrogen availability from pyrolysis to reduce costs.

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Efficient desulfurization of waste tire pyrolysis oil without hydrogenation to reduce energy consumption compared to hydrodesulfurization. The process involves using a catalyst like zeolite Y to remove sulfur from the oil. The catalyst is regenerated after deactivation by burning off carbon buildup using steam and air. This allows reusing the catalyst instead of replacing it, reducing costs compared to hydrodesulfurization which requires hydrogen and new catalysts.

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A process to extract a fuel product from waste rubber like tires that can be used as a drop-in replacement for conventional fuels like diesel and gasoline. The process involves pyrolyzing the waste rubber to generate an oil. The oil is then separated into two compositions: a high flash point fuel suitable for marine and automotive applications, and a lower flash point fuel suitable for gasoline applications. The high flash point fuel has properties like density, boiling point, aromatic content, and halogen level that meet fuel standards. The lower flash point fuel can be blended with gasoline. The compositions are derived entirely from the pyrolyzed rubber, but can also contain a blend of rubber and fossil fuel sources.

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A method to prepare green diesel fuel by hydrogenation coupled pyrolysis of straw and waste engine oil. The method involves mixing straw powder with waste engine oil, adding a catalyst, and pyrolyzing in a reducing atmosphere at 350-450°C. The oil phase product is collected by centrifugation to obtain green diesel. The hydrogen-rich waste oil improves straw pyrolysis yield and quality by reducing oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur contents.

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Hydrotreating pyrolysis products from used tires to produce cleaner motor fuels. The hydrotreating involves optimized conditions using a catalyst with cobalt and molybdenum on an aluminosilicate carrier. The conditions are a temperature of 330-370°C, pressure of 2.2-2.6 MPa, volumetric feed rate of 1.5-3.0 hours-1, and a hydrogen-to-feed ratio of 200-300 nm3/m3. This allows high desulfurization (96.5-98.0%) and hydrogenation (98.1-99.5%) of the gasoline-kerosene fraction, and moderate desulfurization (94.8-96.7%) and hydrogenation (56

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A process for separating pyrolysis oil from tire waste into two fractions: a lighter, commercially valuable fraction and a heavier, usable-as-fuel fraction. The process involves an initial thin-film distillation to separate a lighter fraction and a heavier fraction. The lighter fraction is further distilled to isolate the valuable components. The heavier fraction undergoes oxidative desulfurization to remove sulfur and nitrogen compounds, producing a usable fuel oil.

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Recycling end-of-life tires using microwave pyrolysis to produce valuable products like fuel oils and gases. The microwave pyrolysis process involves heating the tires in a microwave oven to decompose them into gases, liquids, and solids. The key innovation is fractionating the vapors from the pyrolysis reaction before condensing them. This allows separating the gases and liquids into different streams. By adjusting the microwave power and heating rate, pyrolysis oils with low sulfur content and high distillable hydrocarbon fractions can be obtained.

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Producing reduced sulfur fuels like diesel or home heating oil by hydroprocessing pyrolysis oil to reduce its sulfur content, then blending the hydroprocessed pyrolysis oil with a higher sulfur base fuel to make an overall lower sulfur fuel. The hydroprocessing conditions involve using a non-aluminum catalyst and low hydrogen-to-oil ratio. The lower sulfur pyrolysis oil is then blended with a higher sulfur base fuel to create a lower sulfur final fuel. This allows using pyrolysis oil as a fuel component without strict sulfur limits, then blending with higher sulfur base fuels to meet sulfur specifications.

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A method for converting pyrolysis oil from biomass into usable fuels and fuel blending components. The method involves partially deoxygenating and fully deoxygenating the pyrolysis oil to remove oxygen-containing compounds and produce hydrocarbon fuels. The deoxygenation steps are carried out using catalysts under hydrogen-rich conditions to prevent coke formation. This allows the pyrolysis oil to be transformed into naphtha, aviation fuel, diesel fuel, and blending components.

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