Sulfur Reduction in Tire Pyrolysis Oil Techniques

A method for hydrogenating waste plastic pyrolysis oil to improve its quality and suitability as a feedstock for further processing. The method involves hydrogenating the pyrolysis oil at high temperature and pressure using a specialized catalyst that can tolerate the high olefin content of the oil. The hydrogenation reduces impurities like chlorine, sulfur, nitrogen, and metals, improves the oil's stability, and reduces coking and fouling during further processing.

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Hydroprocessing heavy fossil oil feeds containing minor amounts of pyrolysis oil from plastics, tires, and solid waste to produce lower sulfur, lower viscosity fuels meeting specifications without additives. The process involves hydroconversion of the heavy oil in a fixed bed reactor. The presence of the light pyrolysis oil lowers sulfur and viscosity to meet fuel requirements. This allows direct production of lower sulfur fuels while valorizing the difficult-to-recover pyrolysis oil.

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Hydrotreatment process for waste tire pyrolysis oil that overcomes issues like high diolefin content, high sulfur, nitrogen, and chlorine levels. The process involves a specific sequence and catalyst to enable hydrogenation of waste tire pyrolysis oil. It includes mixing the pyrolysis oil with hydrogen at high pressure (15 MPa or more) to hydrogenate the oil. This is followed by a second mixing step with hydrogen at lower pressure (5 MPa or more) using a different hydrogenation catalyst. This two-step hydrogenation sequence allows effective hydrogenation of the oil without deactivating the catalyst due to sulfur and nitrogen levels.

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A process for treating plastic waste pyrolysis oil to purify it for use in fuel or petrochemical production. The process involves separating impurities like sulfur, nitrogen, and metals to make the oil suitable for hydrogenation and downstream processing. It uses two stripping stages to separate H2S and NH3. The H2S is recycled to maintain catalyst sulfiding, reducing the need for sulfur additives. The process steps include hydrogenation, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, washing, stripping, and separating.

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Method for treating waste plastic pyrolysis oil to produce high-quality, low-impurity fuel while minimizing greenhouse gas emissions. The method involves washing the waste oil, mixing with sulfur, hydrotreating with hydrogen, separating into liquid and gas streams, recovering hydrogen, and distilling the liquid. This sequence removes impurities like chlorine, nitrogen, and moisture while avoiding salt formation and catalyst deactivation. The hydrogen is recycled to maximize efficiency. The resulting liquid fuel has significantly reduced impurities compared to raw pyrolysis oil.

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Refining waste plastic pyrolysis oil using a molybdenum-based hydrogenation catalyst with continuous sulfur supply to improve catalyst stability and enable long-term operation. The refining process involves mixing the pyrolysis oil with a sulfur source, hydrotreating with hydrogen and optionally hydrogen sulfide, and removing byproducts to obtain a refined oil with lower impurities like chlorine, nitrogen, and sulfur. The sulfur source continuously supplies sulfur to regenerate catalyst activity.

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Cleaning method for removing sulfur and nitrogen from cracked diesel oil containing high levels of sulfur and nitrogen compounds, such as pyrolysis oil from waste tires. The cleaning involves a two-step process using specific catalysts and adsorbents. The first step is selective adsorption of benzothiophene using benzothiophene-selective SMIP adsorbent. The second step is selective adsorption of 4,6-dimethylbenzothiophene using 4,6-dimethylbenzothiophene-selective SMIP adsorbent. This two-step process using specialized adsorbents improves the desulfurization and denitrification efficiency of the cracked oil. The catalysts used in the hydrofinishing step have modified hydroxyl alumina carriers with dispersed metal sites

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A high-value utilization method for sulfur- and nitrogen-containing pyrolysis diesel oil from waste tires. The method involves selective adsorption of quinoline, indole, and carbazole using specialized adsorbents, followed by hydrodesulfurization and denitrogenation using a modified catalyst. This removes sulfur and nitrogen compounds efficiently. The cleaned oil is further processed to extract aromatics, which are then hydrocracked into low-carbon aromatics. The method improves yield of valuable products like low-carbon aromatics while reducing waste from high-sulfur, high-nitrogen pyrolysis diesel.

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Cleaning method for sulfur-containing pyrolysis gasoline that uses specific catalysts and processes to efficiently remove sulfides from the oil. The cleaning involves three stages: (1) Selective adsorption of thiophene, 2-methylthiophene, and 3-methylthiophene from the oil using specialized adsorbents. (2) Hydrodesulfurization of the intermediate oil using a catalyst with dispersed active metals on hydroxylated nano-alumina. (3) Further distillation and cracking of the cleaned oil. The catalysts are designed to match the specific sulfur compounds in pyrolysis oil and improve desulfurization efficiency.

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Method and apparatus for clarifying pyrolysis oil obtained from waste materials like tires to remove impurities like sulfur and amines, reduce odor, and lower polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The process involves separating the pyrolysis oil from a polar solvent using distillation or a wiped film evaporator. The solvent is chosen to adsorb polar compounds in the oil. After separation, the clarified oil has a lighter yellow color and reduced PAH levels. The solvent is regenerated by passing through clay to extract adsorbed impurities. This allows continuous operation limited by clay column capacity.

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Method for preparing fuel components from waste pyrolysis oil (WPO) for use in existing refining units. The method involves treating WPO prior to hydrogenation to remove impurities like chlorine, nitrogen, sulfur, and silicon. The treatment step is hydrolysis at high temperature with water or basic solution. This removes impurities without catalysts or hydrogen compared to conventional hydrogenation. The treated WPO contains less chlorine, nitrogen, sulfur, and silicon compared to untreated WPO. This allows using hydrogenated WPO in existing refining units without issues from high impurity levels.

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Economical process to recover desulfurized fuel oil and fuel gas from waste tires by using a combination of hydroprocessing and distillation. The process involves hydroprocessing tire pyrolysis oil to desulfurize it, followed by distilling the hydroprocessed oil to separate into different fuel products like kerosene, naphtha, fuel oil, fuel, and diesel. The process allows converting impurities in tire pyrolysis oil into higher-value fuels while removing sulfur. It also involves using byproduct fuel and electrolysis to produce low-cost hydrogen for the hydroprocessing step. This leverages the excess fuel and hydrogen availability from pyrolysis to reduce costs.

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Economically recovering desulfurized fuel products from pyrolysis oil of waste tires by adsorption, distillation and regenerating the regenerable adsorbent material for reuse. The process involves adsorbing polar sulfur compounds from the tire pyrolysis oil using a regenerable adsorbent. The adsorbed oil is then distilled to separate into fuel products like kerosene, naphtha, fuel oil, fuel and diesel. The adsorbent is regenerated using hot gas and reused. This allows extracting high-quality fuels from tire pyrolysis oil while recovering sulfur compounds as a separate stream for utilization.

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Purification process for pyrolysis oil from waste plastics to enable its use in downstream processes like steam cracking. The process involves steps like dilution, desalting, hydrotreating, and adsorption to remove impurities like olefins, dienes, silicon, metals, halogens, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The dilution step lowers diene levels to avoid coke formation in hydrotreating. Adsorption traps impurities like silicon and metals. Hydrotreating removes olefins and dienes while also removing remaining impurities. This purified oil can then be used in steam cracking without issues.

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Efficient desulfurization of waste tire pyrolysis oil without hydrogenation to reduce energy consumption compared to hydrodesulfurization. The process involves using a catalyst like zeolite Y to remove sulfur from the oil. The catalyst is regenerated after deactivation by burning off carbon buildup using steam and air. This allows reusing the catalyst instead of replacing it, reducing costs compared to hydrodesulfurization which requires hydrogen and new catalysts.

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A method to produce high quality oil from waste tires that involves crushing the tires, pyrolyzing them under pressure in ammonia, extracting the oil, and refining it. The pyrolysis is done at 425°C for 2 hours under 6.2 MPa pressure. This yields an oil with low sulfur and nitrogen content that can be further refined into a product similar to industrial grade oil.

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A process to extract a fuel product from waste rubber like tires that can be used as a drop-in replacement for conventional fuels like diesel and gasoline. The process involves pyrolyzing the waste rubber to generate an oil. The oil is then separated into two compositions: a high flash point fuel suitable for marine and automotive applications, and a lower flash point fuel suitable for gasoline applications. The high flash point fuel has properties like density, boiling point, aromatic content, and halogen level that meet fuel standards. The lower flash point fuel can be blended with gasoline. The compositions are derived entirely from the pyrolyzed rubber, but can also contain a blend of rubber and fossil fuel sources.

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Regenerating a targeted anchoring and separating agent for sulfur in oil that can be used in adsorption desulfurization processes. The regeneration involves heating the adsorbent in the presence of a specific precursor solution. The precursor selectively adsorbs onto the adsorbent's surface, replacing the sulfur compounds. The adsorbent can then be desulfurized by passing oil through it. The desulfurized adsorbent is then regenerated by heating it in the precursor solution. This regeneration process allows recycling the adsorbent without burning off oil or producing sulfur oxides.

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A method to prepare green diesel fuel by hydrogenation coupled pyrolysis of straw and waste engine oil. The method involves mixing straw powder with waste engine oil, adding a catalyst, and pyrolyzing in a reducing atmosphere at 350-450°C. The oil phase product is collected by centrifugation to obtain green diesel. The hydrogen-rich waste oil improves straw pyrolysis yield and quality by reducing oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur contents.

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Hydrotreating pyrolysis products from used tires to produce cleaner motor fuels. The hydrotreating involves optimized conditions using a catalyst with cobalt and molybdenum on an aluminosilicate carrier. The conditions are a temperature of 330-370°C, pressure of 2.2-2.6 MPa, volumetric feed rate of 1.5-3.0 hours-1, and a hydrogen-to-feed ratio of 200-300 nm3/m3. This allows high desulfurization (96.5-98.0%) and hydrogenation (98.1-99.5%) of the gasoline-kerosene fraction, and moderate desulfurization (94.8-96.7%) and hydrogenation (56

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