Optimized Tire Designs for Rocky Terrain Applications

Pneumatic vehicle tire with optimized shoulder performance and traction on soft ground. The tire has a tread with shoulder-side profile ribs that have rectangular depressions in the outer shoulder region. The depressions have base portions that taper from a shorter inner portion to a longer outer portion. The outer base portion ends in a flank that angles 80-100 degrees with the shoulder face. This tapering shape reduces rubber in the shoulder while maintaining grip. The depressions improve off-road traction by optimizing shoulder pressure distribution.

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Off-road tire with improved traction in multiple directions by using inclined recessed blocks in the centerland between the main grooves. The centerland is sectioned into four blocks by the lateral and longitudinal grooves. Each block has a recessed portion open to a main, lateral, or longitudinal groove. The recessed portions have a width of 5 mm or more. The blocks are angled in opposite directions to provide traction in multiple directions. This improves traction by allowing the recessed blocks to bite into different angles of terrain.

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Pneumatic tire design for improved noise and off-road performance. The tire has a unique bent main groove pattern that provides better starting traction and edge effect on unpaved roads. The bent elements formed by connecting at least 5 linear grooves have 3+ types of inclination angles and 5+ types of lengths. This complex bent shape improves the edge effect by increasing the amount of ground contact when turning. The tire also has features like sipes, narrow grooves, and crossing groove groups to further enhance off-road performance.

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Pneumatic tire design to prevent stone drilling and tread separation without complex projections. The circumferential main grooves have a zigzag shape with alternating wider and narrower sections. The narrower sections on the outer side of the tire should be smaller than the narrower sections on the inner side, with a ratio of 0.15 to 0.60. This prevents stones from getting stuck in the narrow sections and biting into the tire. It also prevents belt damage from stones entering the narrow sections. The zigzag shape with mismatched narrow sections provides stone deflection. The wider sections on the outer side should be smaller than the inner side, with a ratio of 0.005 to 0.03 in tire circumferential length. This prevents tread separation by minimizing edge cracking from stones. The zigzag shape and mismatched narrow sections allow the tire

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Pneumatic tire with improved off-road performance. The tire has center blocks with stepped grooves that extend diagonally across the blocks. The steps create see-through sections and wider sections. This balance of openings and expansions allows the blocks to bite into soft terrain while also shedding mud. The steps are angled within certain limits for optimal performance. The tire also has center blocks extending beyond the equator to provide more edge effect. The steps in the diagonally inclined grooves provide a well-balanced combination of shear force and mud shedding. The tire's design strikes a balance between edge components in the circumferential and lateral directions for improved off-road traction.

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A pneumatic tire design with improved off-road performance by balancing traction and mud shedding. The tire has main grooves on the left and right sides that extend continuously around the circumference. There is no main groove between them in the axial direction. This configuration allows the tire to generate good traction on rough terrain while also improving mud shedding compared to having a full circumference groove between the main grooves.

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A pneumatic tire for off-road driving that balances traction on loose terrain with cut resistance. The tire has alternating inner and outer shoulder blocks with grooves between them. Protrusions extend from the groove bottoms on the outer side of the inner blocks. These protrusions have narrow sections near the inner blocks and wider sections farther out. The wider sections provide traction on loose terrain while preventing rocks from entering the grooves and damaging the inner blocks.

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Tire for off-road vehicles that improves traction on rough terrain. The tire has a tread with blocks raised from the base. The blocks have a specific pattern and configuration for the intended tire rotation direction. This optimized block design enhances traction and power when the tire is mounted and rotated according to the intended direction.

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Tire design to prevent stone drilling in heavy duty tires like waste collection vehicle tires. The tire has a unique block shape with inner grooves that project inward. The blocks have bent main grooves with changing wall angles. In adjacent blocks, the inner groove projections have wider angles on one side compared to the other. This prevents stones caught in the inner grooves from drilling into the tire because the wider angles push stones back out when the tire contacts the road. The inner groove projections on one side of the main groove bend have smaller angles, making it easier for stones to escape.

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Tire with improved stone biting resistance by optimizing the groove geometry. The tire has a tread with zigzag circumferential grooves that have intersections where the zigzag elements meet. The grooves have protrusions connecting the walls and protrusions at the intersections. These protrusions project outward in the radial direction. The zigzag groove pattern and protrusions enhance stone release when the tire contacts irregular road surfaces like stones. The protrusions prevent stones from being wedged between the groove walls, reducing stone retention and biting.

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Pneumatic tire with improved traction and cut resistance for off-road applications. The tire has a block pattern on the shoulder and side regions. The blocks have contour lines extending along the grooves that are aligned on the same line. This prevents misalignment and improves traction by efficiently discharging mud. The blocks also have tapered shapes with straight and inclined portions at the top. This avoids stress concentration and improves cut resistance. The blocks also have protrusions on the groove bottoms that extend in line. This improves stone catching and soil discharge.

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A spring tire for off-road vehicles like lunar rovers that uses shape memory alloys (SMAs) in the tire and bump stops to provide improved load carrying capacity, flotation, climbing, and traction compared to conventional spring tires. The tire has a main body with SMA radial elements, an inner bump stop assembly with SMA elements, and integrated tread lugs. The SMA elements allow variable stiffness and deflection for better ground contact and climbing. The bump stop engages early to prevent excessive deflection. The tread lugs form from alternating stiffness elements. The tire also has natural damping from the large number of SMA contact points.

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Rubber compositions for off-road tires, tracks, and belts that balance resistance to mechanical attacks and hysteresis. The compositions contain an elastomer matrix with predominantly isoprene rubber, reinforcing filler, cellulose pulp, and a crosslinking system. The cellulose pulp length is 1.1 to 4.9 mm and diameter 1 to 40 µm. This pulp size range provides a balance between stiffness and anisotropy for improved attack resistance and hysteresis compared to shorter or longer pulp. The compositions can have isoprene rubber contents up to 100 phr, cellulose pulp contents up to 20 phr, and carbon black BET surface areas above 90 m2/g.

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Heavy duty tire tread design for improved grip and reduced crown temperatures in harsh off-road applications like construction vehicles. The tread has five rows of blocks separated by alternating longitudinal grooves and transverse cuts. The inner longitudinal grooves connect adjacent rows to allow longitudinal mud/water discharge. This promotes grip and reduces mud buildup. The tread also has ventilation cavities between blocks in lateral rows that open into the sidewall. This allows sidewall cooling to prevent crown damage. The design balances grip, mud discharge, and cooling to improve tire performance and durability in challenging off-road conditions.

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Pneumatic tire with improved off-road performance and damage resistance. The tire has center blocks with cuts that have angled walls extending in different directions. The cuts have larger angles than the walls of the surrounding block. This provides biting edges for off-road traction while maintaining block rigidity and preventing excessive damage. The tire also has opposing center blocks extending across the equator and inclined shoulder grooves with opposite inclinations. This allows mud and stones to flow into the cuts for better off-road grip. The blocks have shallow sipe ends for traction without rigidity loss.

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Tire with improved off-road performance by optimizing the tread compound and geometry. The tire has a cap rubber layer with specific rubber composition and thickness. The cap rubber contains 40-80% SBR with 25% styrene or less, 60% filler or more, and a glass transition temperature (Tg) of -40°C or lower. The Tg and groove depth satisfy a relationship. This compound allows efficient compaction and discharge of soil. The cap rubber thickness is at least 10% of the tread. This setup improves soil discharge, chipping resistance, and off-road traction compared to conventional tires.

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Pneumatic tire for off-road vehicles with enhanced traction, cut resistance, and uniformity. The tire has L-shaped side blocks with overlapping circumferential and radial portions that form side block pairs. These pairs are arranged around the tire circumference. The L-shaped side blocks have protruding hooks that extend from the shoulder region into the side region. This provides additional recesses and protrusions for better traction on rough terrain while preventing foreign object damage. The overlapping blocks maintain uniformity by balancing rigidity.

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Pneumatic tires for off-road vehicles that provide enhanced traction and grip on uneven terrain. The tire has alternating tread patterns around the circumference with lands extending from the tread. The lands have sidewall portions that protrude from the tire sides. One land is on the first side of the tread equator and the other land is on the second side. This configuration provides increased ground contact and grip on rough terrain compared to a conventional tire with a single land pattern.

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Tire design with improved off-road performance and noise reduction. The tire has shoulder land grooves with specific geometry. The outer groove portion has a wider width that increases outwardly from the tread edge. The inner groove portion has a constant width. This configuration provides better off-road traction and stability. The wider outer groove helps grip in loose terrain. The constant width inner groove prevents excessive deformation. The shoulder circumferential grooves have curved projections that extend into the shoulder land grooves. The tire also has intermediate position width ratios that decrease outwardly. This reduces noise. The shoulder land grooves have communicating links between the outer and inner grooves near the tread edge.

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Tire capable of improving off-road traction performance while suppressing an excessive decrease in the anti-wear performance. The tire includes a pair of shoulder main grooves, a crown region defined between the pair of the shoulder main grooves, and a pair of shoulder regions arranged on both outer sides of the pair of the shoulder main grooves.

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