Engineering Tire Designs for Maximum Performance on Sand
66 patents in this list
Updated:
Off-road tire performance on sand presents unique engineering challenges, with vehicles experiencing up to 70% loss in traction compared to hard surfaces. Traditional tire designs struggle with sand's non-Newtonian fluid properties, leading to excessive sinkage, reduced mobility, and compromised vehicle control when operating in desert environments.
The fundamental challenge lies in designing tread patterns and tire structures that maximize surface contact area and sand compaction while preventing excessive burial and maintaining durability.
This page brings together solutions from recent research—including articulated tread assemblies with linked segments, shoulder blocks with compaction cavities, and innovative fiber-based materials with polygonal cross-sections. These and other approaches focus on practical implementations that balance sand performance with versatility across different terrain types.
1. Agricultural Tire with Shoulder Blocks Featuring Cavities for Soft Ground Compaction
COMPAGNIE GENERALE DES ETABLISSEMENTS MICHELIN, 2024
Agricultural tire with improved traction on soft ground like mud and sand without sacrificing performance on hard surfaces. The tire has blocks extending from the tread onto the shoulder areas, but not on the tread itself. The blocks have cavities that compact soft material like sand or mud when the tire sinks. This creates ground resistance force for traction. The blocks don't contact hard surfaces since they're not on the tread. This allows controlled wear and maintains traction benefit over time.
2. Motorcycle Tire with Inclined Edge Blocks for Enhanced Lateral Grip on Hard Surfaces
SUMITOMO RUBBER INDUSTRIES, LTD., 2024
Motorcycle tire with improved traction and side slip resistance on hard surfaces like rocks and sand while maintaining good traction on soft surfaces. The tire has blocks with inclined edges on the crown and middle sections. The inclined edges extend from the bottom to the ends of the edges and are angled towards the toe side in the tire's rotation direction. This shape provides better edge effect and grip when the tire slips laterally on hard surfaces, preventing excessive slip.
3. Articulated Removable Tread Assembly with Linked Segments and Wheel Rim Engagement Channels
Jacqueline Coffin, 2024
Removable tread assembly for improving wheel performance on loose surfaces like sand and snow. The assembly consists of linked wide tread segments that can be attached around the wheel circumference. Each segment has a flat, wider tread plate than the wheel. The segments connect in an articulating manner using link fasteners. The segments have link structures at the ends that engage adjacent segments. Channels on the lower sides of the segments receive the wheel rim to prevent lateral sliding. The segments link together to form a wider tread around the wheel, improving traction on loose surfaces compared to the narrow stock wheels.
4. Tire Knit Body Comprising Metal Fibers with Convex Polygonal Cross Sections
BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION, 2024
Knit body for tires with improved traction performance. The knit is made from metal fibers with convex polygonal cross sections. This unique fiber shape provides better grip on various surfaces compared to conventional round fiber shapes. The knitted tire tread using these fibers has enhanced traction on rough terrain like sand, mud, and snow. It prevents burial of the tires and prevents foreign objects from entering through the tread gaps.
5. Nonwoven Tire Material with Convex Polygonal Metal Fiber Cross Sections
BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION, 2024
A nonwoven material for tires that prevents ingress of debris like sand into the wheel without using coil springs. The nonwoven material has convex polygonal cross sections for the metal fibers. This geometry allows close packing of the fibers without gaps that could allow debris penetration. The tightly packed fiber structure prevents sand and other debris from entering the wheel through the tire. This improves tire performance on loose surfaces like sand without compromising drivability.
6. Tire Tread with V-Shaped Edge Depressions and Channel Stress Distribution Features
Continental Reifen Deutschland GmbH, 2024
Utility vehicle tire with improved grip and reduced cracking on unsurfaced and snowy roads. The tire has channels in the tread with V-shaped depressions at the edges. The depressions provide additional gripping edges when driving on loose surfaces like gravel, sand, mud, or snow. They also reduce cracking at the channel bases and shoulder flanks by spreading the forces and preventing stress concentrations. The depressions are spaced to have at least one in each tread pitch.
7. Motorcycle Tire Tread with T- or Y-Shaped Intermediate Land Sections
BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION, 2024
Motorcycle tire with improved traction during turning on soft ground. The tire has a unique tread pattern with additional land sections between the center and shoulder sections. These T- or Y-shaped land sections generate traction during turning on soft terrain like sand or mud. By adding these sections between the center and shoulder areas, which contact the ground during turning, the tire achieves better traction in turns on softer surfaces.
8. Tire Tread with Intermeshing Central Blocks and Enlarged Circumferential Grooves
PIRELLI TYRE S.p.A., 2024
Motor vehicle tire with improved on-road and off-road performance for vehicles like pickup trucks and SUVs. The tire has a tread design with intermeshing blocks in the central portion that increase in contact as you move towards the equatorial plane. This provides better tread band compactness and grip on surfaces like snow and sand compared to widely spaced blocks. The tire also has larger circumferential grooves for better mud removal and draining. This balance of on-road and off-road features reduces noise, wear, and tear compared to traditional off-road tires.
9. Tire with Interlaced Skeleton Structure and Interlink Springs for Debris Prevention
BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION, 2023
A tire design that improves performance on challenging terrain like sand without compromising road performance. The tire has a unique skeleton structure with interlaced body and interlink springs around the rim. This prevents sand or debris from entering the wheel through gaps between coil springs. The tread is then mounted on the outside of this sealed skeleton. This prevents sand from getting inside the wheel and causing issues like burial or drive mechanism failure. The tread can still provide normal road performance without interfering with the skeleton.
10. Off-Road Vehicle Paddle Tire with Sidewall-Integrated Outer Surface
SANDCRAFT, LLC., 2023
Paddle tire that is used on off-road vehicles, especially when used in sand, snow, cinders, loose friction terrain, or mud. The tire body comprises a first sidewall, a second sidewall opposite the first sidewall, and an outer surface joining the first sidewall to the second sidewall.
11. Automatic Tire Pressure Management System with Closed-Type Air Chucks and Centralized Control for Variable Surface Adaptation
Airdial Pty Ltd., 2022
Automatic tire pressure management system for vehicles like 4WDs that automatically inflates and deflates tires to optimize performance on different surfaces. The system has closed-type air chucks on each tire that can quickly inflate and deflate the tires. A central controller connects to the chucks and manages tire pressure. It can set predetermined pressures for different driving conditions. The system automatically adjusts tire pressure when transitioning between surfaces like sand vs road. This eliminates manual inflation/deflation and ensures proper pressure for optimal traction and wear.
12. Pneumatic Tire with Sidewall Projections Comprising Annular Projections, Buttress Blocks, and Side Blocks
Toyo Tire Corporation, 2022
A pneumatic tire with improved traction on sidewalls for better performance on snow, mud, and rough roads. The tire has projections called annular projections, buttress blocks, and side blocks on the sidewall. These projections provide traction by resisting shearing of snow, mud, or sand, as well as by contact friction with rocks or other obstacles. The projections on the sidewall enhance grip compared to a smooth sidewall, especially in challenging driving conditions like snowy roads or off-road terrain.
13. Tire Skeleton with Interlinked Spring Network and Perimeter Tread
BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION, 2022
Tire design with interlinked springs to improve off-road performance by preventing sand and debris ingress into the wheel and avoiding wheel burial. The tire has a skeleton with multiple body springs attached to the rim and interlinked springs interwoven between them. This closed spring network prevents sand and debris from entering the wheel through gaps between coil springs. It also prevents wheel burial in loose terrain compared to open wheel designs with coil springs. The tread is on the outer perimeter of the skeleton.
14. Pneumatic Tire with Asymmetric Side Blocks and Annular Protrusions
Toyo Tire Corporation, 2022
A pneumatic tire with improved traction performance and reduced rigidity variation in the sidewall. The tire has asymmetric side block designs with different outer edge shapes. The side blocks have an inner portion and an outer portion. The outer portions have annular protrusions that extend further outward compared to the inner portions. This asymmetry allows better traction on uneven terrain like mud, sand, and rocks compared to symmetric side blocks. The outer edges of the annular protrusions also provide a wider contact area for better traction. The asymmetric side blocks balance the need for improved traction with reduced variation in sidewall rigidity compared to symmetric side blocks.
15. Pneumatic Tire with Stepped Sidewall Protrusions for Enhanced Soft Surface Traction
Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd., 2021
Pneumatic tire with improved traction on soft surfaces like snow and sand. The tire has stepped protrusions on the sidewall. The protrusions have a base surface and a top surface connected by a step. The protrusion height is greater than the base. This provides extra grip on soft surfaces compared to a smooth sidewall. The stepped shape prevents the protrusions from getting buried in soft terrain like snow.
16. Pneumatic Tire with Lug Groove Tread Pattern and Enhanced Edge Components
The Yokohama Rubber Co., LTD., 2021
A pneumatic tire that can achieve excellent running performance on muddy ground, snowy roads, sandy ground, or the like. The tire includes a tread pattern primarily having a lug groove with a high amount of edge components, and with a large groove area or groove depth is generally used for a pneumatic tire used in traveling on muddy ground, snowy roads, sandy ground, or the like.
17. Pneumatic Tire with Sidewall Blocks Incorporating Recesses and Convexities for Enhanced Terrain Engagement
Toyo Tire Corporation, 2021
Pneumatic tire with improved traction on various road surfaces by optimizing the sidewall block shapes. The tire has sidewall blocks with features like recesses and convexities that enhance grip when encountering sand, mud, rocks, or other challenging terrains. The sidewall blocks have unique angles and shapes that allow them to better engage and shear the terrain for traction. This balanced traction performance is achieved by having recessed sidewall blocks for shearing through flowing materials like sand and mud, and convex sidewall blocks with longer edges for catching and gripping surfaces like rocks.
18. Utility Vehicle Tire Tread with Dual Circumferential Channels and Reinforced Channel and Shoulder Flanks
Continental Reifen Deutschland GmbH, 2021
Utility vehicle tire having a tread that has a much lower susceptibility to cracks in the region of the channel bases of circumferential channels and in the region of shoulder flanks and in addition ensures good gripping properties, in particular on wet, sandy, gravelly, muddy and/or snow-covered ground. The tire is provided with two circumferential channels, which are formed to a profile depth and separate central profile positives and shoulder-side profile positives from one another, the circumferential channels having channel flanks toward the central profile positives and the shoulder-side profile positives having shoulder flanks running toward the side wall.
19. Tire Tread with Structural Features for Sand Traction and Dual Shoulder Design
The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, 2021
Tire for sand traction that minimizes the wear, traction, stability and/or handling on other surfaces. The tire includes a tread formed with structural features for travel on sand and other surfaces. The tread includes an inboard shoulder and an outboard shoulder.
20. Tire with Circumferential Main Grooves and Radially Extending Lug Grooves Forming Partitioned Tread Blocks
The Yokohama Rubber Co., LTD., 2021
Tire with superior driving performance on muddy ground, snowy roads, sandy land, and the like. The tire includes a tread portion extending in a tire circumferential direction to form an annular shape, a pair of sidewall portions disposed on both sides of the tread portion, a pair of bead portions disposed inward in a tire radial direction of the sidewall portions, main grooves disposed in shoulder regions of the tread portion and extending in the tire circumferential direction; a plurality of lug grooves extending outward in a tire width direction from the main grooves and reaching the sidewall portions; and a plurality of blocks partitioned by the main grooves and the lug grooves.
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