Renewable Fillers for Tire Manufacturing

Rubber tire compound containing a majority of renewable materials to improve sustainability. The compound replaces fossil-based materials with bio-derived alternatives. It uses renewable resins instead of petroleum-based resins, bio-based carbon black instead of fossil carbon black, and renewable processing aids instead of petroleum-based ones. The compound aims to provide a tire rubber composition with high renewable content that has comparable tire performance to conventional fossil-based compounds.

Source

Rubber compounds with improved properties for tire treads by combining functionalized diene polymers with silica fillers derived from biomass ash like rice husk ash. The diene polymers are functionalized with polar groups like -OX, -OR, -COOX, -COOR, -N(R1)(R2)X or -Si(R3)(R4) where X is a cation and R are alkyl groups. This functionalization allows better compatibility and adhesion between the polymer and silica filler. The biomass ash silica has specific cation distribution from the ash digestion process. Using this functionalized diene polymer and silica filler combination improves properties like rebound resilience, tensile strength, and damping performance compared to standard diene polymers with conventional silicas.

Source

The pressing issue of global warming has prompted industries to seek sustainable and renewable materials that can reduce the use petroleum-based products. Natural fibers, as bio-based environmentally friendly materials, offer a promising solution. In this study, ramie fiber, which is one strongest natural used reinforcement, mechanical properties rubber composites are evaluated. were fabricated using vulcanizing technique at 150 C, fibers cut into different lengths (5 mm, 10 m, 15 mm) weights (15 g, 30 60 g). Mechanical performance tests, including tensile tear strength hardness, conducted. results showed fiber concentration increased, so did curing time. Moreover, with higher had strength. composite mm length g weight highest (10.35 MPa). Maximum (52.51 kN/m) was achieved 5 weight. Hardness values reached up 88 Shore A (10 weight), indicating excellent wear resistance. specimen subjected scanning electron microscope analysis. SEM analysis revealed ductile type fracture appreciable plastic deformation, confirming good fibermatrix interaction. These findings underscore potential ... Read More

Source

Rubber composition for inner liners of pneumatic vehicle tires that provides airtightness, crack resistance, and improved tear propagation resistance while using fillers made from regrowing raw materials. The composition contains specific amounts of fillers like hydrothermal lignins derived from biomass. It also has a vulcanization system with zinc oxide and/or sulfur. The filler amounts and vulcanization system allow vulcanizing the composition into a tire inner liner with reduced gas permeability, improved crack growth resistance, and lower weight compared to traditional fillers.

Source

Polymer composites are of considerable interest due to the possibility improving performance parameters plastics. The filler is a component whose introduction into rubber mixture can affect physicochemical and functional properties composite. It present in largest quantity mixture, so its type significant importance polymer composite production process. Currently, much attention being paid potential use various materials as fillers improve composites. These should, among other things, exhibit good adhesion matrix high degree dispersion. One example such material dried plant material. In this group, leaves two plantssage (Salvia officinalis) lucerne (Medicago sativa)were introduced several different content variants. mixtures were subjected durability aging tests results compared with without any additives. Of all test variants filler, best obtained lowest proportion material, which was 5 Parts per Hundred Rubber (PHR). case, most remained at level similar variant A slight improvement observed elongation break for sage (from 550% 559%), while case lucerne, color improved 1.21 0.... Read More

Source

ABSTRACT Here, we investigate the transformative potential of incorporating Green Graphene (GG) derived from remnant agricultural biomass (RAB) into styrenebutadiene rubber (SBR) formulations for development sustainable additives tires. GG serves as a reinforcement material, exhibiting capability to improve mechanical, wear, and thermal degradation properties SBR. The incorporation SBR matrix results in astonishing improvements: resilience by 440.44%, toughness 326.91%, tensile strength 253.15%, yield 313.33%, Young's modulus 205.90%, elongation 138.84%, hardness 148%. Furthermore, it leads decrease nanoscratch depth, 52.68% reduction coefficient friction during sliding 22.38% improvement hydrophobicity, 27% enhancement stability GG/SBR composites. These compelling performance enhancements composites aim provide comprehensive understanding synergistic effects rubbershedding light on their combined potential. outcomes this investigation contribute valuable insights environmentally conscious green materials, writing path evolution industry toward greener resilient future.

Source

Rubber composition for tires that reduces carbon emissions, lowers production cost, and provides an oxidation inhibiting effect by using a lignin-based antioxidant derived from natural materials instead of petroleum-based antioxidants. The lignin-based antioxidant is a compound with structural similarity to petroleum-based antioxidants like 6PPD. The lignin-based antioxidant is added along with a crosslinking agent to the rubber composition at levels of 1-20 parts per 100 parts of rubber. This allows replacing some or all of the petroleum-based antioxidants in tire rubber compounds. The lignin-based antioxidant provides oxidation protection without the environmental impacts and high cost of petroleum-based antioxidants.

Source

Recycling end-of-life tires into new tires with high efficiency by converting the waste tires into valuable feedstocks for tire production. The tires are hydrothermally cracked to separate oil, water, and solids. The oil is fractionated to extract wax and process oil. The wax is refined and the process oil is steam cracked to make tire components like elastomers, resins, and additives. The solids contain fillers like carbon black and silica. The recovered fillers, wax, and process oil are then used to make new tires, with at least 50% of the tire weight coming from recycled tire materials.

Source

Polyurethane (PU) is widely used due to its attractive properties, but the shift a low-carbon economy necessitates alternative, renewable feedstocks for production. This review examines synthesis, and sustainability of bio-based PU materials, focusing on resources such as lignin, vegetable oils, polysaccharides. It discusses recent advances in polyols, their incorporation into formulations, use bio-fillers like chitin nanocellulose improve mechanical, thermal, biocompatibility properties. Despite promising material performance, challenges related large-scale production, economic feasibility, recycling technologies are highlighted. The paper also reviews life cycle assessment (LCA) studies, revealing complex context-dependent environmental benefits materials. These studies indicate that while materials generally reduce greenhouse gas emissions non-renewable energy use, performance varies depending feedstock formulation. identifies key areas future research, including improving biorefinery processes, optimizing crosslinker advancing methods unlock full potential commercial applications... Read More

Source

The increasing demand for the development of environmentally friendly alternatives to petroleum-derived materials has increased research efforts on sustainable polymer composites. This study systematically examined effect nano-biochar derived from agricultural wastes such as olive pulp mechanical and thermal properties epoxy-resin-based First, biochar was produced by pyrolysis at 450 C turned using ball milling. Composite samples containing different rates between 0 10% were prepared. composite characterized techniques SEM-EDS, BET, FTIR, XRD, Raman, TGA, DMA analyses. Also, tensile strength, elastic modulus, Shore D hardness, stability, static toughness evaluated. best performance observed in sample 6% nano-biochar; ultimate strength 17.37 MPa 23.46 compared pure epoxy, modulus hardness increased. However, a decrease brittleness higher additive rates. FTIR analyses indicated that interacted strongly with epoxy matrix its stability. results showed olive-pulp-derived could be used improve structural composites an inexpensive filler. As result, this contributes production new polymer... Read More

Source

This review explores the evolving landscape of sustainable textile manufacturing, with a focus on rubber-based materials for various industrial applications. The and rubber industries are shifting towards eco-friendly practices, driven by environmental concerns need to reduce carbon footprints. integration textiles in products, such as tires, conveyor belts, defense is becoming increasingly prominent. discusses adoption natural fibers like flax, jute, hemp, which offer biodegradability improved mechanical properties. Additionally, it highlights elastomer sources, including from Hevea brasiliensis alternative plants Guayule Russian dandelion, well bio-based synthetic rubbers derived terpenes biomass. also covers additives, silica fillers, nanoclay, plasticizers, enhance performance while reducing impact. Textilerubber composites cost-effective traditional fiber-reinforced polymers when high flexibility impact resistance needed. Rubber matrices fatigue life under cyclic loading, jute can manufacturing process involves preparation, composite assembly, consolidation/curing, post-proce... Read More

Source

Biobased composites, which combine natural fibers with biopolymers, represent a sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based materials. These composites leverage renewable resources, reducing environmental impact and enhancing biodegradability. The integration of agricultural waste, such as hemp, flax, jute, biopolymers polylactic acid (PLA) polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) fosters advancements in material performance, including improved strength, stiffness, thermal properties. Applications span various industries, automotive, construction, consumer goods, where they contribute lightweight structures energy-efficient designs. Furthermore, the use biobased supports circular economy principles by minimizing waste promoting resource efficiency. Research continues focus on optimizing processing techniques properties through modifications fiber treatment matrix formulation. As demand for eco-friendly materials grows, offer promising pathway toward development, aligning global efforts reduce carbon footprints promote stewardship. However, current scientific knowledge regarding long-te... Read More

Source

Towards a global sustainable future and circular economy, the utilization of renewable high-performing biomass-derived fillers for rubber industry is highly desirable but challenging. Carbon black (CB), produced by incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition petroleum hydrocarbons, most dominant reinforcing filler, followed mineral fillers. However, manufacture CB has considerable carbon footprint due to its fossil-based resources; have higher density are generally incompatible with rubbers. It important find abundant, sustainable, cost-effective as substitutes petroleum- coal-derived Biomass-derived fillers, such cellulose nanocrystals, lignin, polysaccharides, biochar, rice husk silica, been extensively explored substitute This chapter provides comprehensive review their applications in industry. The structure, morphology, properties introduced. surface modification processing methods high-performance composites critically reviewed.

Source

One of the approaches to develop sustainable rubber products is replace petroleum-based materials with renewable and materials. Many global tire manufacturers have committed using entirely for production by 2050. This requires development suitable bio-based raw materials, from elastomers ingredients. Rubber generally consist complicated material formulations, including more than ten kinds ingredients such as activators, processing oils, antioxidants, fillers, tune processing, curing, physicochemical properties rubbers. chapter aims provide an overview three types potentially discuss their impacts on overall performance systems.

Source

This chapter offers an elaborative background regarding the significance of green tyres over traditional considering their respective environmental impacts. The focus is on sustainable ingredients like alternatives natural rubber, bio-based elastomers/synthetic rubbers, processing oils, reversible crosslinking strategy, sustainable/bio-resourced fillers and tyre cords for compounding rubbers. also discusses economic assessment production cost a better understanding viability process. Several case studies have been exercised systematically documented in each section this exploring thorough literature survey area.

Source

The intense search for polymeric materials derived not from oil but renewable resources, based on novel approaches and aiming to achieve superior performances lower costs, is evident across the entire field of polymer chemistry today [...]

Source

Fully bio-based, highly filled lignin-rubber masterbatch for replacing carbon black in rubber. The masterbatch is prepared by mixing modified lignin with rubber. The lignin is modified by esterification with acetic acid and oleic acid to improve compatibility with non-polar rubbers. The modified lignin has reduced hydroxyl group content compared to unmodified lignin. The esterification reaction provides hydrophobic groups to decrease lignin polarity. This improves lignin dispersibility in the rubber matrix.

Source

Recycling waste tires into useful rubber compounds using microwave-assisted surface devulcanization. The process involves separating metal and fibers from waste tires, micronizing the vulcanized crumb rubber, applying a dose of microwave energy to sever sulfidic crosslinks, mixing the devulcanized rubber with plastic and oil, and extruding it to produce recycled rubber compounds like crumb rubber or end-of-life tire compounds. The microwave devulcanization step enables efficient recycling of waste tires without harsh solvents or chemical compatibilizers.

Source

Polysaccharide-elastomer masterbatch for making reinforced rubber compositions with reduced water content. The masterbatch is made by mixing a polysaccharide dispersion with an elastomer latex and then coagulating and drying the mixture. This avoids adding water during masterbatch production, allowing lower water content in the final rubber compound. The polysaccharide provides reinforcement and reduces rolling resistance compared to carbon black. The masterbatch can be used in applications like tires, belts, footwear, coatings, etc.

Source

Biofillers are functional substances that increasingly added to polymer compositions due their unique properties and sustainable nature. There is a lack of review publication comprehensively describes biofillers from different natural origins in various types polymer, although there many publications focusing on narrow range biofiller applications. The aim this the correlation between effect properties, including mechanical thermal degradation processes etc. scope work covers analysis cellulose (nanocellulose, bacterial cellulose, plant waste raw materials), starch, proteinbased (of animal origin) mineral fillers, as well methods modification improve compatibility with polymers. systematises current knowledge used polymers, indicates challenges faced by use biofillers.

Source

Rubber composition containing a rubber component and cellulose-based fillers that exhibits favorable strength. The composition includes a rubber component, cellulose fillers, and a cross-linkable compound with thiosulfuric acid and an amino group. Kneading the components improves strength. The thiosulfuric acid group facilitates crosslinking during vulcanization, and the amino group enhances filler interaction. This provides improved rubber properties compared to using cellulose fillers alone.

Source

A tire tread rubber composition containing bio-based compound modified silica that improves dispersion and compatibility of silica in rubber compounds compared to traditional modification methods. The modification uses a bio-based lignin derivative with reactive functional groups that can react with silica. This reduces the silica's hydroxyl content to improve dispersion in rubber. The modification is done using a catalyst and acetylating agent in a simple one-step process. The modified silica can be used in tire treads without issues like gumming or scorching.

Source

A more sustainable tire design with reduced environmental impact by using recycled and bio-based materials in the tire components. The tire comprises a tread with a rubber composition containing recycled and bio-based styrene butadiene rubber, natural rubber, polyisoprene, silica, and bio-based or recycled hydrocarbon resin. The reinforced rubber plies have coatings with recycled or bio-based elastomers, fillers, and plasticizers. The bead can be made with recycled steel. The tread uses recycled and bio-based materials like rice husk ash silica, recycled carbon black, terpene resin, and bio-based antidegradants to further reduce environmental impact.

Source

Environmentally friendly rubber composition reinforced with biomass filler like lignosulfonate for tire applications. The composition contains diene elastomer, carbon black, biomass filler, antioxidant, zinc oxide, stearic acid, phenolic resin, accelerator, and sulfur. The biomass filler improves tensile properties and reduces hysteresis heat generation compared to traditional carbon black-reinforced rubber. The composition has good balance of properties like elongation, tensile strength, and aging resistance.

Source

Rubber composition that can be used for different applications in conjunction with tires components, preferably tires treads or tire tread components components, and which has a majority weight percent of renewable content. The composition includes a blend of at least two rubber elastomers comprising or consisting of: greater than 50 phr of at least one mass balanced polymer; at least one bio-derived plasticizer; and a bio-derived filler system comprising silica and carbon black.

Source

Tire tread rubber composition with lower rolling resistance using biomass derived reinforcing filler from sugarcane bagasse ash. The composition contains natural rubber, neodymium catalyst polymerized butadiene rubber, carbon black, silane coupling agent, and biomass filler. The biomass filler replaces some of the carbon black. The composition has better processability, lower rolling resistance, and lower payne effect compared to conventional carbon black filled tires. The biomass filler provides lower rolling resistance and better processing while maintaining tire performance.

Source

Rubber composite material with improved properties and reduced environmental impact compared to conventional rubber compounds. The composite is made by modifying natural rubber with cuttlefish juice, a biodegradable filler extracted from squid ink. The cuttlefish juice spherical nanoparticles contain melanin and protein/polysaccharide. The composite also uses zinc oxide and stearic acid as activator instead of conventional carbon black. This provides similar property enhancements but with reduced environmental pollution concerns from filler emissions and waste disposal.

Source

Composition for tire rubber with reduced carbon footprint by using renewable carbon black feedstocks. The composition comprises elastomeric polymer material and a carbon black with at least 10% of the carbon black feedstock being from renewable sources like plant oils. The renewable carbon black improves tire performance while lowering overall CO2 emissions compared to fossil-based carbon black. The composition can be used in tires, belts, hoses, and other rubber products.

Source

Rubber compounds with improved properties for tire treads by combining functionalized diene polymers and silica fillers. The diene polymers have functional groups containing polar groups like -OX, -OR, -COOX, -COOR, -N(R'1)(R'2)X or -N(R'1)(R'2)Xn (X represents H or a cation, n is either 1 or 0, R'1 and R'2 represent independently from each other H, a C1-C6 alkyl group, a -Si(R'4)(R's) group where R' and R's represent independently from each other a C1-C6 alkyl group). The silica filler is obtained from biomass ash like rice husk ash. This specific combination of functionalized diene polymers and sil

Source

Environmentally friendly material for improving fatigue resistance and flexibility of rubber products made from recycled tire carbon black (rCB), vegetable oil soapstock, emulsifier, binder, and modifier. The rCB has specific particle size, surface area, and transmittance. The method involves mixing these components to prepare the material, which can be used as a replacement for traditional carbon black in rubber compounds to enhance fatigue and flexural properties while reducing cost and environmental impact compared to virgin carbon black.

Source

Vulcanizable rubber mixture with high filler content, vulcanizate, and rubber product that have improved rolling resistance while still having good processability. The mixture contains diene rubbers, fillers, and specific rubber regenerates made by devulcanizing recycled tire treads in an extruder. The regenerates are produced from shredded treads of truck and bus radial tires. This allows using more regenerates to reduce virgin rubber, improve sustainability, and reduce viscosity. It resolves the conflict of objectives between processability and rolling resistance for filled rubber compounds.

Source

A tire rubber composition containing modified liquid reclaimed rubber derived from waste tires that improves physical properties, reduces heat generation, and enables recycling of waste tires. The composition contains 100 parts of raw rubber, 30-60 parts of filler, 2-10 parts of bio-based modified liquid reclaimed rubber, vulcanization activator, antioxidant, and vulcanizing agent. The modified liquid reclaimed rubber is made by reacting waste tire rubber and/or powder with lignin and/or lignin derivatives and a peptizer.

Source

Bio-based compound modified liquid reclaimed rubber for tire applications that replaces traditional plasticizers, tackifying resins, and softeners. The modified rubber is prepared by high-temperature reaction of reclaimed rubber, lignin derivatives, and a peptizing agent. This bio-based rubber can be used to partially or fully replace conventional additives in tire rubber compositions to improve sustainability and reduce environmental impact compared to petroleum-based additives.

Source

Preparing a high performance motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition that provides better wet and dry grip. The composition includes polymer matrix, coconut shell powder as a reinforcing green filler (Natural filler), carbon black and silica; coupling agent; activators; anti-degradants; vulcanization agent; primary accelerator.

Source

Rubber composition for an off highway tyre treads using naturally occurring pineapple leaf fibre. The composition includes natural rubber, polybutadiene rubber, and an anhydrous maleic acid-grafted polypropylene -based compatibilizer.

Source

Using biochar as a renewable filler in elastomeric compositions like tires instead of carbon black. The biochar is made from biomass like wood or crop residue that is dried, pulverized, and pyrolyzed at 700°C. The resulting biochar filler has less than 15% ash and less than 5% nitrogen content. This biochar filler improves sustainability by using a renewable source instead of carbon black from fossil fuels.

Source

Rubber composition for tires that improves dispersion of microfibrillated plant fibers like cellulose, enhancing rubber properties and fuel efficiency. The composition contains microfibrillated plant fibers and a covalent bonding modifier that attaches to the fibers. The modifier is a liquid polymer modified with unsaturated carboxylic acids. The fibers are first treated with an anionic surfactant to improve dispersion, then mixed with the rubber and modifier. The surfactant helps disperse the fibers before adding them to the rubber.

Source

Rubber composition for tire treads with a majority of renewable components for improved sustainability. The composition contains blends of natural rubber, polybutadiene, and styrene-butadiene copolymer elastomers. It replaces conventional petroleum-derived elastomers with renewable alternatives. The composition also uses biobased resins, processing aids, and silica fillers. The goal is to create tire treads with high renewable content without sacrificing performance.

Source

Rubber composition for tire components with majority renewable content. The composition contains blends of natural rubber, styrene-butadiene copolymer, and polybutadiene, along with bio-derived resin, vegetable oil, and fillers like silica and bio-based carbon black. The bio-derived components replace fossil-based materials to make the tire rubber more sustainable.

Source

Rubber compound for tires that provides improved traction, wear, and rolling resistance using silica synthesized from rice husk ash. The silica is made by digesting rice husk ash with base to create sodium silicate, then precipitating with carbon dioxide. The rice husk ash silica is used in tire tread rubber formulations along with styrene-butadiene and high-cis polybutadiene rubbers. Functionalizing the styrene-butadiene rubber with carboxyl groups improves compatibility with the rice husk ash silica. Adding hydrophobating and crosslinkable silanes further enhances performance.

Source

Bioengineered rubber made from renewable resources with improved properties compared to conventional rubber. The bioengineered rubber is prepared by combining epoxidized natural rubber, bio-based elastic material, wheat straw powder, ethanol, silane coupling agent, and vulcanizing agent. The specific component proportions can vary within certain ranges. The bioengineered rubber has enhanced elasticity, flame retardance, wear resistance, weather resistance, and low temperature flexibility compared to conventional rubber.

Source

Modifying biochar, a carbon-rich material derived from biomass pyrolysis, to make it a sustainable alternative to carbon black as a reinforcing filler in elastomers. The biochar modification involves functionalizing its surface with organic silanes using a vapor deposition process. This functionalized biochar has improved elastomeric properties compared to unmodified biochar. It can replace some or all of the carbon black in elastomers, reducing environmental impact and health concerns associated with carbon black.

Source

Tire compositions with improved performance and sustainability by using a specific type of silica. The compositions contain a silica with a high surface area (>190 m2/g) and low salt content (<0.5 wt%) derived from rice husk ash. This eco-friendly silica provides better dispersion and processing compared to conventional silicas with high surface areas. It also offers comparable tire properties like abrasion resistance compared to conventional silicas. The compositions can be used in tire components like tread caps to improve tire performance and reduce environmental impact.

Source

Biodegradable butylene glycol-based polyester elastomer for tire tread compounds that can decompose in the environment. The polyester elastomer is prepared using specific reactions of butene glycol, dibasic acids, and esterification agents. The resulting elastomer has high molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution, and good crosslinking control. The biodegradable elastomer provides comparable mechanical properties to traditional rubber compounds. The compounding recipe includes fillers, processing aids, silane coupling agents, colorants, and vulcanization agents.

Source

Eco-friendly tire rubber composition using eggshells as a reinforcement filler. The composition replaces conventional petroleum-based fillers like carbon black with eggshells to reduce environmental impact and facilitate supply. The eggshell filler improves dispersibility, reduces CO2 emissions, VOCs, and depletes petroleum resources compared to carbon black. The optimal eggshell filler content is 0.1-120 parts by weight based on 100 parts rubber. The eggshells are pre-mixed with the rubber latex in a wet master batch to evenly distribute in the rubber.

Source

Rubber composition for tires with improved physical properties and environmental sustainability by using rice bran silica instead of conventional silica. The composition contains excess rice bran silica compared to prior art levels. This improves tensile strength, elongation, and modulus of elasticity. It also reduces carbon dioxide generation during silica extraction and lowers the energy required. The rice bran silica provides similar or better performance compared to conventional silica at lower costs and environmental impact.

Source

Biofiller for rubber reinforcement that replaces carbon black and is more ecofriendly and reproducible compared to carbon black. The biofiller is surface treated microcrystalline lignocellulose using aldehydes and ketones like acetone, formaldehyde, and lignin derivatives. The treatment improves dispersion and interaction with the rubber matrix compared to untreated lignocellulose. The biofiller provides similar reinforcement properties to carbon black in rubber compounds, but without the health and environmental concerns of carbon black.

Source

A cost-effective rubber filler for tires and other rubber products that replaces some of the carbon black. The filler is made by mixing kaolin or bentonite clay, lignin, a surfactant, and a cross-linking material like lignosulfonate. The surfactant modifies the clay and lignin to improve dispersion in the rubber. The cross-linking material further strengthens the rubber by cross-linking the modified clay-lignin complex with the rubber. This filler reduces cost and environmental impact compared to carbon black, while providing similar reinforcement and performance.

Source

Using nano-ground biochar as a renewable filler in elastomeric compositions like tires instead of non-renewable fillers like carbon black. The biochar is ground to sizes less than 1 micron to make it compatible with rubber. Passivating the biochar surface pores reduces absorption of curing agents and improves cure time, modulus, and crosslink density. Grinding the biochar in solvents like ethanol further improves reinforcement properties.

Source

Rubber composition for tires that meets the requirements of circular economy while also providing good tire performance. The composition includes a rubber derived from biomass through aromatic ethylene compound and diene polymerization. The biomass rubber has a contemporary carbon percentage (pMC) of 1% or more. This biomass originated rubber provides fuel economy, wet grip, and processability benefits while also addressing circular economy concerns. The composition can also contain other biomass derived components like butadiene, styrene, and alcohols. The biomass pathway involves converting renewable resources into tire rubber.

Source