Elastomer Vulcanization Techniques for Improved Tire Elasticity

Rubber composition with high stretching stress for applications like tires that reduces reversion during vulcanization and improves stretching properties. The composition contains natural rubber, filler, activator, anti-aging agent, sulfur, accelerator, metal organic matter, and a specific auxiliary agent called bis (2-citraconimidophenyl) disulfide. This auxiliary agent improves crosslinking density and reduces reversion during vulcanization, allowing higher stretching stress compared to traditional rubber compositions.

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Elastomeric compositions for tire treads that provide improved road grip, rolling resistance, and wear compared to conventional tire compounds. The compositions contain a reversible cross-linking agent with a metal cation, like zinc, that forms a three-dimensional lattice in the cured rubber. This lattice enhances hysteresis properties of the rubber to provide better grip in sports driving conditions, reduced rolling resistance, and lower wear in moderate driving conditions. The compositions also contain standard tire components like diene elastomers, fillers, and vulcanizing agents.

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Rubber formula for tire compounds that reduces the length of uncured rubber after vulcanization and prevents crude rubber from breaking and blocking holes. The formula contains diene rubber, brominated isobutylene-p-methylstyrene copolymer (BIMSM), carbon black filler with smaller particle size, and optimized ratios of carbon black sizes. Adding BIMSM and smaller carbon black reduces fluidity while maintaining strength. This shortens uncured rubber length and prevents breaks during vulcanization.

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Preparation method for sidewall rubber for run-flat tires that reduces reversion during vulcanization to improve long-term properties. The method involves using a specific blend of natural rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), carbon black, elastomer compatibilizer, zinc oxide, stearic acid, process oil, mold release agent, microcrystalline wax, anti-aging agent, accelerator, sulfur, and an optional anti-reversion auxiliary agent. The blended rubber composition improves compatibility between the natural rubber and EPDM to prevent network cracking and degradation during vulcanization.

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High cis content block copolymers of polybutadiene and polyisoprene for tire applications with improved low temperature properties, wear resistance, and reduced cut growth. The copolymers have a cis content of at least 90%, prepared using lanthanide-based catalysts in a pseudo-living polymerization process. The catalyst comprises a lanthanide compound, aluminoxane, organoaluminum compound, and halogen compound. The pseudo-living polymerization allows selective block formation with reactive chain ends that can be functionalized. The copolymers are used in vulcanizable compositions for tire components like sidewalls and treads.

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High stiffness rubber compositions for tire treads that provide improved stiffness without compromising other properties like processability. The compositions contain diene elastomers, fillers, and crosslinking agents. The crosslinking is done using a low initiator time vulcanization accelerator to increase stiffness. The accelerator has an initiation time below 3 minutes. This allows higher stiffness without adding large amounts of stiffening resins. The low initiator time accelerator speeds up curing and prevents over-crosslinking.

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A rubber composition for tires that provides improved wear resistance and fatigue resistance compared to conventional tire rubber compositions. The composition contains a sulfur-containing cycloaliphatic vulcanizing agent with a higher functionality than traditional vulcanizing agents. This provides a crosslinked structure with higher functionality, resulting in higher hardness and analytical crosslink density. The higher functionality vulcanizing agent improves wear resistance and fatigue resistance without compromising other properties like tensile strength and resilience.

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Tire with improved rolling resistance by optimizing vulcanization of the tire surface without extending vulcanization time. The tire has a rubber composition with specific properties measured using a differential scanning calorimeter. The composition has a reaction heat quantity of at least 15 J/g in the temperature range of 60-230°C and a reaction start temperature of at least 100°C. This composition promotes vulcanization of the surface rubber during vulcanization, reducing rolling resistance compared to unvulcanized surface rubber.

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A tire with reduced vulcanization time and improved durability and wear resistance by using a rubber composition with specific reaction properties. The rubber composition has a high reaction heat of 15 J/g or more over a temperature range of 60-230°C, with a reaction start temperature of 100°C or higher. Placing this rubber in the tire shoulder or bead areas provides localized heat generation during vulcanization to quickly heat the tire interior. This reduces vulcanization time compared to preheating the whole tire or using induction heating. The high reaction heat rubber also improves tire durability and wear resistance.

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Rubber composition for tire cap treads that balances low rolling resistance and wear resistance in cap treads containing terminal-modified diene rubbers. The composition uses a specific vulcanizing agent, 1,6-bis (N, N′-dibenzylthiocarbamoyldithio) hexane or similar, in combination with terminal-modified diene rubbers. This vulcanizing agent has a long molecular chain that gradually crosslinks the rubber components to recover hardness and improve wear resistance without deteriorating fuel efficiency compared to using unmodified rubber. The terminal-modified diene rubber has a molecular weight of 150,000 to 400,000 before modification.

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Rubber composition for tires with improved vulcanization speed, wet grip, and reduced heat generation compared to conventional silica-filled rubber compositions. The composition contains specific amounts of silica, silane coupling agent, and magnesium oxide blended with the elastomer. The silica, silane, and magnesium oxide ratios range from 20-120 parts silica, 5-10% of silica weight, and 0.5-4 parts magnesium oxide respectively. This blend improves vulcanization rate, vulcanized rubber properties, and reduces heat generation without increasing hardness compared to using silica alone.

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A tire compound with improved wet grip, rolling resistance, and wear resistance. The compound contains a specific vulcanizable rubber composition with a unique balance of elastomers, fillers, and additives. The composition comprises styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), mid-styrene styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR), silica, carbon black, zinc oxide, process oil, stearic acid, antidegradants, and a sulfur containing organosilicon compound. The specific combination of these ingredients provides a tire compound with enhanced wet traction, lower rolling resistance, and better wear compared to conventional tire rubbers.

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A rubber composition for tire vulcanization that provides improved thermal stability, heat resistance, and durability compared to conventional sulfur-based tire rubber compositions. The composition contains a peroxide like dicumyl peroxide as the vulcanizing agent instead of sulfur. It also has an imide-based compound as the vulcanizing agent and an imide-based compound as the accelerator. This combination provides better chemical stability, faster vulcanization, and better high-temperature properties compared to sulfur-based vulcanization. The peroxide and imide-based compounds replace the sulfur and accelerator in the tire rubber composition.

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Rubber mixtures with improved mechanical properties like tear strength and modulus for vulcanized rubber articles like tires. The mixtures contain double bond-containing rubbers, rubber gels, and metal peroxides in specific ratios. The double bond-containing rubbers are present at 100 parts, the rubber gels are 10-150 parts, and the metal peroxides are 0.1-30 parts. The rubber mixtures have better tear strength and product of modulus and elongation compared to conventional mixtures without worsening viscosity. The metal peroxides enhance gel-reinforcement and tear resistance.

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Rubber compound for tires, footwear, and other products that provides improved dynamic properties, tear resistance, wear resistance, and friction compared to traditional rubber compounds. The compound contains modified diene rubbers, carbon black, zinc oxide, vulcanization accelerator, retarder, antioxidant, plasticizer, oil, resin, wax, and sulfur. The modified diene rubbers have ester groups that improve properties like tear resistance and wear resistance compared to unmodified diene rubbers.

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Rubber composition and vulcanization process for improving hot air aging resistance of rubber compounds like tires while maintaining other properties. The composition contains a specific polymer, salt additive, and vulcanization system. The polymer is a nitrile or ethylene polymer. The salt is a Group I metal salt of a weak acid. The vulcanization system uses an inorganic peroxide and sulfur compound. This combination reduces scorch time, improves dynamic stiffness, and decreases aging degradation compared to using just peroxide or sulfur.

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Crosslinking high vinyl styrene-butadiene rubber (HVBR) using organic peroxides instead of sulfur for improved tire performance. The HVBR contains pendant vinyl groups that can react with organic peroxides to crosslink the rubber. The peroxide to sulfur curing ingredient ratio is 3:1 to 1:3. The peroxide curing provides different crosslink structures and properties compared to sulfur curing, such as shorter, more flexible crosslinks. This allows designing rubber compounds with peroxides that have better resistance to abrasion and cut growth compared to sulfur cures.

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Vibration-damping EPDM rubber composition for automotive applications that has dynamic magnification comparable to natural rubber and tensile strength higher than natural rubber, while maintaining good heat resistance. The composition contains EPDM rubber, carbon black, sulfur, and a vulcanization accelerator. The sulfur content is 0.5-3 parts per 100 parts EPDM, with a degree of vulcanization of 60-85%. This balances crosslink density and polymer chain length to achieve optimal dynamic properties. The accelerator is present in a range that allows vulcanization.

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Rubber composition with improved tire performance and reduced cost by adding a specific tin organic acid salt during rubber mixing. The composition contains a tin organic acid salt with 1-20 carbon alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or alkaryl groups mixed into the rubber at 0.1-10 parts per hundred (phr) during processing. The tin salt improves tire properties like wet grip and wear resistance without needing high silica levels. It also enables vulcanization at lower temperatures.

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Rubber compounds for tire treads that have improved wear resistance before aging without sacrificing rolling resistance or wet grip. The compounds contain styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), silica filler, and special vulcanizing agents. The SBR is reinforced with silica and filler activators. The vulcanization system uses compounds like (C6H5-CHz)zN - (C=S) - S - S - (CHz)6 - S - S - (C=S) - N(CHz-C6Hs)z and sulfur to create C6 dithioalkanediyl bridges during curing. This provides enhanced wear performance compared to traditional vulcanization systems.

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