Material Behavioral Analysis for Tire Performance

Optimizing vehicle motion control to improve energy efficiency by considering tire parameters. The method involves estimating tire parameters like rolling resistance, wear rate, etc based on input data. A tire model is configured using these parameters to relate tire behavior to vehicle motion. This allows estimating effects like rolling resistance for different control strategies. The vehicle is then moved using the tire model to select options with lower rolling resistance for better efficiency.

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Tire force prediction for integrated motion control in a motor vehicle that minimizes cost and complexity, improves simplicity, and provides increased redundancy and robustness. The prediction involves analyzing vehicle and tire characteristics in terms of longitudinal and lateral slip, and calculating tire force behavior in both linear and nonlinear regions at incremental time steps.

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Method of modeling tire performance for designing tires using a combination of physical testing and computer simulations. The method involves measuring forces and moments on a tire at various angles and loads during rotation, fitting curves to the data, and using the curves to evaluate and refine tire designs. It allows accurate modeling of tire behavior at low speeds and inclination angles that are difficult to measure physically. The method also involves creating reference curves for forces and moments, which can be adjusted and stored for future use in tire design iterations.

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Method to improve simulation accuracy of pneumatic tires by generating a finite element model that better approximates the actual tire shape during use. The method involves defining residual stresses in the tire model's band ply region to account for the shrinkage that occurs during vulcanization. By approximating the residual stress levels in the band, the tire model's shape more closely matches the tire's true shape when inflated and loaded.

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Computerized method for generating a finite element model of a pneumatic tire that improves simulation accuracy by accounting for residual stress in the tire's band ply. The method involves defining residual stress on the band ply model elements based on factors like cord angle and vulcanization conditions. This allows the model to approximate the actual tire shape during use, improving simulation accuracy compared to using the mold shape.

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Real-time simulation of tire forces for accurate and realistic vehicle dynamics modeling. The simulation method involves calculating longitudinal and lateral tire forces based on dynamic rolling parameters and tire specific properties. It uses a tire model that takes inputs like tire deflection, velocity, temperature, and pressure to output forces. This model is applied to each tire of a vehicle in real-time during simulation. The chassis model provides rolling parameters to the tire models and receives tire forces back to accurately represent the vehicle's behavior.

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Calculating tire deflection, accumulating tire data, and determining tire contact length during rotation using high-speed data processing. The methods involve extracting acceleration data near tire contact, regressing it using a function representing peak deflection shapes, and using the regression parameters to calculate deflection distribution, accumulate tire data, and determine contact length. This allows fast, accurate calculations of tire behavior during rotation using measured acceleration data.

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Computerized method for simulating the loss tangent of a rubber compound containing a rubber matrix and filler particles, using a computer system to accurately estimate the loss tangent of a rubber compound for a shorter simulation time compared to conventional methods. The simulation involves computing the energy loss of each element under different strains, then summing the energies to find the total loss tangent of the compound. This allows estimating the loss tangent without needing a continuously changing stress curve or long simulation times to accurately capture phase differences.

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Accurate simulation of tire forces during vehicle motion using physics-based models that capture the complex interactions between tire deformation, contact, friction, and temperature. The simulation involves modeling longitudinal, lateral, and self-alignment torques based on tire parameters like adherence and shear modulus, as well as dynamic forces like camber and wheel speed. The models take into account temperature dependence of the adherence and shear modulus using separate heating models. The simulation discretizes the contact area and iteratively solves the models for forces as the contact point moves.

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A method to simulate tire rolling at high speeds with reduced computation time while maintaining accuracy. The method involves initially modeling the tire as a flexible finite element model. Then, during the simulation, convert some elastic elements to rigid ones to create a rigid tire model. This allows accelerating the tire faster. Once the rigid tire reaches the desired speed, switch the elasticity back to the original flexible state. This reduces simulation time compared to accelerating the flexible model directly. The key insight is that the rigid model can be accelerated faster since it avoids large deformations and element damage issues that arise when accelerating a flexible model.

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Determining a first-order lag model to accurately simulate the transient response of tire forces like longitudinal and lateral forces based on measured transient data. The method involves calculating an effective data by convolving the response function with the time gradient of the physical amount like slip ratio or load. Least squares regression is then performed on the measured response versus effective data to get a smooth curve. The time constant is determined to minimize residuals between the regression and measured curves. This uniquely and accurately calculates the first-order lag model from actual measured transient data.

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Simulating tire performance on mud using finite element analysis to accurately predict tire behavior in soft, sticky terrain. The simulation involves creating a 3D model of the tire and a virtual mud terrain with elastoplastic properties that mimic the behavior of real mud. This allows more accurate simulation of tire-mud interaction compared to conventional methods that only model tires on dry or wet surfaces. The elastoplastic mud model accounts for the viscous nature of mud and its tendency to fail under tension but not compression, which is essential for capturing the unique properties of driving in muddy conditions.

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Precisely analyzing the tread portion of a pneumatic tire in computer simulations to improve simulation accuracy. The method involves modeling the tread pattern separately from the main body of the tire and adjusting its properties to match the actual tire. This allows more detailed and precise simulation of the tread deformation and contact pressure distribution compared to using the same mesh density for both the main body and tread. The tread pattern is created by omitting some of the grooves and replacing the space with rubber. The rubber properties in the tread pattern are adjusted to compensate for the different geometry. This allows more realistic tread deformation simulation.

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Accurate simulation of tire forces and heating during vehicle motion, that takes into account temperature dependence of tire properties and allows real-time calculation of tire forces. The simulation process involves modeling longitudinal, lateral, and self-alignment torque forces, as well as tire heating and temperature variations over a wheel rotation. The models use parameters like adhesion coefficient and shear modulus, which depend on temperature. The process iteratively solves the models with initial estimates of temperatures, then uses the calculated contact temperatures to improve the temperature estimates. This allows accurate simulation of tire forces and heating as the vehicle moves.

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Real-time simulation method for accurately predicting tire forces and torque of a vehicle rolling on the ground. The method involves modeling tire behavior using equations based on physical laws and parameters. It calculates longitudinal and lateral forces, self-aligning torque, and contact area transitions. The equations use dynamic tire parameters, operating conditions, and specific tire properties. The model accounts for temperature influence. It allows real-time simulation of a vehicle with multiple tires by associating the tire model with a chassis model that provides dynamic parameters.

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Accurately simulating the performance of pneumatic tires using finite element analysis. The simulation method involves generating a composite assembly element model by dividing the tire's rubber web and cords into solid elements. This accurately analyzes stresses and strains in the tire's composite structure. The tire portion is also modeled using finite elements. The composite assembly model has more elements per area than the tire portion model to constrain nodes on the interface. This prevents mismatching of element shapes for accurate analysis.

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Method to accurately derive tire dynamic element parameters from measured tire data, allowing simulation of tire cornering characteristics. The method involves calculating tire forces and torques using a tire model with unknown parameters. The parameters are then adjusted to minimize the difference between measured and calculated forces/torques. This provides a way to derive tire dynamic parameters from measured data, enabling accurate simulation of tire cornering behavior.

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Computer simulation system to predict belt separation failure in tires. It models tire characteristics, operating conditions, and fatigue crack propagation to predict belt separation distance and time. The simulation accounts for factors like tire temperature rise, material properties, and loading. It allows analyzing tire designs for belt separation risk before prototypes are built. The simulation involves finite element analysis to predict tire stresses and temperatures, and a crack propagation model to estimate belt failure.

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Designing tires with improved durability by predicting how tire properties change with time and use. The method involves using a finite element model of the tire to simulate tire aging effects like growth and deformation. The simulation involves steps like inner pressure filling, time varying stress modification, and safety margin calculation. By iterating these steps, optimal tire shape, component sizes, and material properties are found to maintain safety margins throughout tire life. This allows designing tires that have better durability over their useful lives.

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Accurately modeling and simulating tire transient response for improved tire design and vehicle performance evaluation. The method involves determining a first-order lag model from measured tire transient response data obtained by varying physical amounts like load or slip ratio. The lag model is calculated by finding the time constant that minimizes residuals between measured and modeled response. This allows precisely simulating tire behavior when rolling conditions change dynamically.

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