Valorization Methods for Tire-Derived Pyrolytic Oil

Economically recovering desulfurized fuel oil and fuel gas from waste tires by using a combination of hydroprocessing and distillation. The process involves hydroprocessing the pyrolysis oil from tires to desulfurize it. The hydroprocessed oil is then distilled into multiple fuel products like kerosene, naphtha, fuel oil, fuel, and diesel. The hydrogen demand of the hydroprocessing is met by recirculating hydrogenated material. The excess fuel gas from pyrolysis is used to generate power. The power production from byproducts and electrolytic hydrogen production from the low-cost power co-produced further reduces costs.

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Method for efficiently producing chemical products and carbides from waste tires. The method involves pyrolyzing crushed tires to obtain a gas, oil, and residue. Then, hydrocracking the tire oil to separate light and heavy fractions. The heavy fraction is steam cracked to make chemical products and carbide feedstock. The carbide is made by thermal decomposition or incomplete combustion of the carbide feedstock. This allows efficient extraction of both chemical products and carbides from waste tires.

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A process for disposing of end-of-life tires (ELT) that provides complete reuse without environmental problems. The process involves pyrolyzing the tires to produce pyrolysis oil. The pyrolysis oil is then subjected to hydrorefining to improve its quality and make it suitable for substituting fossil fuels in industrial processes. This allows converting the tires into a valuable product instead of burning them or landfilling them. The hydrorefining step removes impurities like rubber fines and contaminants to produce a cleaner, more useful oil.

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Process for recycling rubber shavings from end-of-life tires into resins that can be used in tire production without degrading tire performance. The process involves pyrolysis of the rubber shavings to generate an oil containing olefinic monomers. The oil is then separated into fractions, with the intermediate fraction containing the desired monomers. This fraction is polymerized to form the resins. The process conditions are optimized to maximize monomer yield from the shavings. The resulting resins can be used in tire manufacturing without negatively impacting tire performance.

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A method for producing high-quality oil from waste tires by pyrolysis, separation, and refining. The method involves crushing the waste tires, pyrolyzing them in an ammonia atmosphere under pressure, separating the resulting liquid mixture, and refining the crude oil. The pyrolysis step is done at 425°C for 2 hours. The separation involves cooling and extracting with dichloromethane. The refining step involves hydrogenation with a catalyst and tetrahydronaphthalene. This results in high-quality oil with properties similar to industrial grade oil.

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Integrated solid waste gentle cracking system for recycling waste tires into usable products. The system involves breaking the tires into rubber particles, mildly pyrolyzing the particles to extract oil, carbon black, and gas, and then further processing the oil and carbon black into modified forms suitable for use in products like rubber, asphalt, plastics, and pigments. The system allows 100% utilization of waste tires by recovering all components.

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Extracting valuable compounds from tire pyrolysis oil using steam distillation and fractional distillation. The process involves initially separating the oil using steam distillation to produce a lighter fraction rich in terpenes and a heavier fraction. The lighter fraction is further distilled to isolate the terpenes and other valuable compounds. This two-stage distillation allows selective extraction of high-value components from tire pyrolysis oil without degradation.

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Extracting valuable compounds from tire pyrolysis oil using a two-stage distillation process. The first stage is steam distillation to separate a lighter fraction containing terpenes like limonene from the heavier fraction. The lighter fraction is then further distilled to isolate commercially valuable products like solvents, flavors, and scents. The heavier fraction can be used as a solvent, fuel oil, or feedstock for chemical processes. The steam distillation avoids high temperatures that decompose the sensitive terpenes.

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A system for extracting valuable compounds from pyrolyzed scrap tires while preserving the carbon black solids. The system uses a catalyst/additive that decomposes at the melting point of the rubber to release catalytic ions. This allows the catalyst to contact the rubber as it decomposes and prevents volatile compounds from carrying the catalyst away. The pyrolysis oil is then recovered, purified, and concentrated to extract valuable fragrance and essential oils like limonene. The solids are separated to retain the carbon black. This maximizes value recovery from the pyrolysis process.

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A microwave pyrolysis process to convert end-of-life tires into useful products like fuel oils and gases. The process involves pyrolyzing tires using microwave heating to break down the rubber into gases, liquids, and solid residue. The key innovation is fractionating the vapors from the pyrolysis reaction before condensation to separate out the gases and liquids. This allows controlling the composition and properties of the resulting fuels. The microwave power level is also adjusted to achieve specific pyrolysis rates and heating rates that optimize the fuel yields and qualities. The resulting fuels have low sulfur content and high distillable hydrocarbon fractions.

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A method for extracting oil from waste tires using catalytic decomposition to convert the tire material into fuel oil and carbon black. The method involves shredding the tires, heating them with a catalyst, and separating the resulting oil and carbon black. The oil is further refined through rectification to produce gasoline and diesel fuel. The process aims to recycle tires instead of disposing of them in landfills, and extract value from the tire material as an alternative to burning tires as fuel.

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A method for producing high quality liquid fuel from waste tires and used oil using a unique multi-stage liquefaction process. The method involves swelling the waste tire pieces in aromatic solvents, crushing them, drying, grinding, and mixing with used oil to form a sludge. The sludge is heated to 300-360°C to generate a gas mixture. The gas is flowed through a series of cooled tubes with natural convection to liquefy into fuel. This allows efficient separation of impurities during cooling. The final liquid fuel product is of high quality with low odor and tar compared to conventional methods.

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Apparatus for producing oil from waste tires without incineration. The system involves pyrolyzing the tires at low temperatures around 180-200°C by supplying small quantities of oxygen. The pyrolysis converts the tire components into combustible hydrocarbon gas. The gas is then cooled and condensed to form oil. The cooled gas is first condensed in a larger condenser and then again in a smaller condenser. Sludge separators separate out any solids from the condensed gas. The resulting oil is stored in a tank. The system allows efficient conversion of tire waste into usable oil without incineration and environmental contamination.

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Method for converting waste tires into fuel oil with reduced temperature and time requirements compared to existing methods. The method involves using a catalyst containing barium titanate to crack the rubber particles during pyrolysis. This reduces the organic sulfur content, allowing the production of less stinky fuel oil with higher yield. The barium titanate catalyst lowers the reaction speed and temperature compared to conventional catalysts.

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Method for condensing pyrolysis gas and recovering oil from waste tire pyrolysis that addresses the challenges of oil recovery. The method involves condensing the pyrolysis gas into oil using a two-stage condensation process. The first condenser captures the majority of the oil, while the second condenser captures the remaining oil. This prevents premature condensation and blocking of the condensers due to fine particles. The oil is also separated from water vapor by condensation at different temperatures. This prevents emulsification and allows separation of the oil. The condensed oil is then further processed to remove impurities and obtain a saleable oil product.

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Recycling waste tires and rubber by co-processing with carbon to produce useful synthetic oils and storable high-energy products. The method involves mixing crushed waste rubber and carbon particles in a reactor, optionally with a iron catalyst, and heating at temperatures of 350-550°C for 10-30 minutes. The reaction yields synthetic oils and solid residues. The carbon provides energy input and also helps fix sulfur and oxygenates. The oils can be fractionated into fuel and chemical products. The residues have medium and high caloric energy.

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A method and apparatus for thermally decomposing waste tires and waste oil simultaneously to recover oil and reduce environmental pollution. The tires and oil are pyrolyzed at high temperatures to yield oil, gas, and carbon black. This simultaneous processing increases tire oil recovery and reduces environmental impacts compared to separate processing. The high temperature pyrolysis avoids the low oil yield issues of lower temperature tire pyrolysis. The resulting oil has similar properties to diesel. The heavy metals remain in the residue, allowing its reuse as an asphalt additive.

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Recovering valuable products from used tires through pyrolysis. The pyrolysis process involves heating old tires at high temperatures under vacuum to break down the rubber into oils and gases. The process extracts commercially valuable chemicals like paraffins, naphthenes, olefins, aromatics, and limonene-dl from the tire-derived pyrolytic oils. It also produces carbon black with high iodine adsorption numbers by pyrolyzing tires at specific temperatures and pressures. The process aims to repurpose tire waste into useful products rather than just landfilling or incinerating the tires.

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Extracting commercially valuable chemicals from tire pyrolysis oil, including paraffins, naphthenes, olefins, aromatics, and limonene-dl. The process involves fractional distillation of the tire pyrolysis oil at temperatures below 204°C to isolate these chemicals. This allows recovery of valuable components from tire waste that can be used in various applications. Limonene-dl, a terpene typically found in essential oils, is unexpectedly present in the distillation fraction.

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Recovering valuable chemicals and materials from recycled tires. The method involves pyrolyzing used tires to extract oils, then fractionally distilling them to isolate chemicals like paraffins, naphthenes, olefins, and aromatics. Some of these fractions have commercial value. The pyrolysis also generates a carbonaceous solid containing high-quality carbon black with increased surface area compared to typical tire carbon black. The carbon black is made by pyrolyzing tires at 490-510°C under low pressure.

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