High Load-Bearing Tire Construction

Abstract The spoke as a key component has significant impact on the performance of non-pneumatic tire (NPT). current research focused adjusting structures to improve single NPT. Few studies have been conducted synergistically multi-performance by optimizing structure. Inspired concept functionally gradient structures, this paper introduces honeycomb NPT and its optimization method. Firstly, completes parameterization structure establishes numerical models NPTs with seven different gradients. Subsequently, accuracy is verified using experimental methods. Then, static dynamic characteristics these are thoroughly examined finite element findings highlight that NPT-3 superior performance. Building upon this, study investigates effects parameters, such thickness length, load-carrying capacity, stress mass. Finally, multi-objective method proposed uses response surface model (RSM) Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm - II (NSGA-II) further optimize functional NPTs. optimized NPT-OP shows 23.48% reduction in radial stiffness, 8.95% maximum 16.86% mass compared initial NPT-1. damping also ... Read More

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Pneumatic tire design to reduce uneven wear in center ribs and maintain grip in high-load vehicles. The tire has a unique tread pattern with specific rib width ratios and intermediate sipe overlap. The center rib width is at least 104% of the intermediate rib width. Adjacent intermediate sipe overlap sections are at least 30% of the intermediate rib width. This configuration allows the center rib to handle heavy loads without excessive wear while preventing uneven wear in the center compared to wider center ribs. The overlap sipes also help maintain grip in wet conditions.

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A tire design for heavy electric vehicles that reduces weight without compromising durability. The tire has specific dimensions and construction to meet high load capacity requirements while minimizing weight. The key features are: 1. Composed of a single carcass ply with low turn-up structure for weight reduction. 2. Belt width to tire width ratio in a specific range to allow thin sidewall layers in the bead region. 3. Bead apex heights less than 17% of tire height to prevent excessive sidewall deformation. 4. Average sidewall thickness in a 20-30mm zone from bead base is calculated based on tire width, belt width, and aspect ratio. This allows a thin sidewall in the critical load carrying region without compromising stiffness.

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Building tires for vehicle wheels with improved properties by using a specialized process and apparatus. The process involves spiraling a continuous elongated element made of an elastomeric material to form the sidewalls and tread of the tire. Instead of inserting additional elastomeric materials to provide specific properties, the process allows adding multiple materials directly into the elongated element during spiraling. This allows controlled distribution of the additional materials throughout the sidewall and tread components. This prevents deformation and displacement issues during molding that can compromise the added properties.

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This study aimed to investigate the relationship between static stiffness of non-pneumatic tires (NPTs) and design parameters composites spokes shear bands using finite element (FE) method. The stressstrain curve rubber material was fitted neo-Hookean constitutive model. Subsequently, key parameters, including reinforcement plate thickness spoke band materials, were selected based on NPT structure. FE simulations performed multiple sets different parameter schemes for NPTs, polynomial models vertical, lateral, longitudinal stiffnesses established response surface analysis. sensitivity analysis results indicated that significantly influenced three-dimensional stiffness, whereas materials had a relatively minor impact. Finally, multi-objective optimization employed determine scheme with maximum while ensuring vertical load-bearing capacity. Under premise capacity, increased by 39.1% 32.9% in forward backward directions, respectively. method can be used predict NPTs under or optimize setting desired target facilitating rapid NPTs.

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A heavy duty pneumatic tire with improved uniformity of ground contact pressure. The tire has a belt structure with three layers of belts between the carcass and tread. Each belt has multiple cords covered by a topping rubber. This three-belt construction provides better distribution of ground contact pressure compared to a two-belt tire. The additional belt layer helps prevent uneven wear and improves tire life in heavy load applications where ground contact pressure can vary significantly.

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Tyres for vehicles with improved grip, wear resistance, and low weight. The tyres contain a rubber matrix with functionalized carbon nanoparticles like graphene and carbon nanotubes. The functionalization improves dispersion of the carbon nanoparticles in the rubber. This provides better grip, structural and chemical properties, and abrasion resistance compared to unfunctionalized carbon nanoparticles. The functionalization involves treating the carbon nanoparticles with chemicals like nitric acid to modify their surface.

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A radial tire for heavy-duty vehicles like dump trucks that improves load capacity and reduces pressure requirements compared to standard tires. The tire has a unique carcass reinforcement structure with two layers, one inside the other, instead of the usual single layer. The inner layer wraps around the bead wires and extends from bead to bead. The outer layer is outside the inner layer in the crown region. The distance between the layers is controlled to balance bending stresses. The inner layer has smaller diameter steel cords compared to standard tires for flexibility. This allows higher load or lower pressure compared to single layer tires.

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Non-pneumatic tire with a unique looped spoke design that allows the tire to run without inflation. The tire has an inner ring and outer ring coaxially arranged. Looped spokes extend between the rings. Each loop has an opening visible from one side. The loops directly contact both rings. This looped spoke structure provides support without air. Fillets between the rings further reinforce the tire. The loops have reinforced rubber inside and contact each other. The spoke design allows the tire to be run flat without air pressure.

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Polydiene rubbers with improved properties for tire applications, made by polymerizing diene monomers with functionalized comonomers containing alkoxy silyl groups. The functionalized comonomers have repeating units derived from the functionalizing comonomer. The functionalized rubber polymers have better interactions with fillers and improved tire properties compared to non-functionalized diene polymers.

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Rubber composition for pneumatic tires with improved durability without sacrificing elongation. The composition contains a diene-based rubber, carbon black, and phosphoric acid-modified cellulose nanofiber. Adding the modified cellulose nanofiber to the rubber composition enhances rubber strength without reducing elongation compared to using just carbon black. This provides better tire durability without compromising tire flexibility.

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Rubber composition for pneumatic tires that improves durability without sacrificing elongation. The composition contains a diene-based rubber, modified diene-based rubber, carbon black, and phosphoric acid-modified cellulose nanofiber. The modified diene-based rubber improves rubber strength, while the nanofiber further enhances strength. The composition allows reducing filler like silica to improve elongation. The composition can be used in vulcanized rubber parts of tires.

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A tire assembly using shape memory alloys (SMAs) combined with polymers to create structures with combined properties of elasticity and strength. The tire assembly replaces the inner tube in a pneumatic tire with a toroidal SMA structure encapsulated in polymer. The SMA structure absorbs load like a spring and prevents punctures. The polymer encloses and bonds the SMA to the tread.

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Ply bulge failure in Truck and Bus Radial (TBR) tyres, predominantly observed the shoulder region, is a critical issue impacting tyre performance safety. This study investigates root cause of such failures through comprehensive analysis 13 field-return tyres varying patterns sizes. A multi-step methodology, including visual inspection, X-ray analysis, shearography, microscopy, FTIR, adhesion testing, was employed to characterize mechanism. Visual inspection used identify external factors as punctures, overloading, or bead damage, while confirmed absence structural defects, cord spacing irregularities belt offset, indicating that intrinsic material interactions were primary drivers failure. Shearography pinpointed incipient separation areas, which further examined microscopically. Microscopic revealed debonding mode at carcass ply-rubber interface crack initiation mode, followed by propagation along surfaces then transferring adjacent cords. To distinguish between rubber degradation adhesive layer aging, forensic combining FTIR 90 peel test (adhesion test) conducted. compounds ... Read More

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Pelletizable fiber blends containing short fibers and a binder that can be directly added to polymers or rubbers without melting the pellets to disperse the fibers. The pelletized fiber blends improve fiber dispersion during polymer processing, reduce fiber clumping, and provide better interfacial bonding between fibers and the matrix. The blends have less than 1% wax to prevent sticking during pelletization. The pellets can be used to prepare composites with improved physical properties like tensile modulus, elongation, tear strength, and abrasion resistance compared to unpelletized fiber blends.

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Tire design with multiple body plies and stabilizer ply inserts to improve durability and reduce weight compared to conventional tire construction. The tire has three body plies wrapping around the beads with decreasing widths. The innermost ply has the widest turn-up, the middle ply has a narrower turn-up inside the wider one, and the outermost ply has a wider turn-up inside the narrower one. Stabilizer inserts are placed between the body plies and beads to prevent overlaps. This configuration provides stability and prevents ply overlap without needing excessively wide outer plies. The inserts also reduce weight compared to overlapping plies.

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Modified conjugated diene-based polymer for rubber compositions with optimized properties like modulus and tensile strength. The polymer has specific viscosity, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution ranges. It is prepared by controlled polymerization conditions. The polymerization step involves using an organometallic compound and stopping at low conversion. The modified polymer is then reacted with a modifier. This provides a rubber composition with improved properties like modulus and tensile strength compared to unmodified diene polymers.

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Upgrading micronized rubber powder (MRP) for large-scale reuse in tires by chemically activating the powder to improve performance. The activation involves treating the powder with silane during grinding to prevent sticking and using silica as a dusting agent. This functionalizes the powder surface to enhance vulcanization and dispersion in rubber compounds. The activation step involves contacting the powder with silane, silica, peroxides, or other activators. This allows using lower amounts of MRP in tire formulations compared to unactivated powder, which improves properties like tear strength, abrasion resistance, and dynamic performance.

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Silica-filled natural rubber compositions for tire treads that provide improved properties like tensile strength, tear resistance, wear resistance, and impact resistance compared to traditional natural rubber treads. The compositions contain natural rubber, functionalized synthetic polyisoprene, and a silica filler. The functionalized synthetic polyisoprene has silica-interactive functional groups that impart polymer-filler interaction to the natural rubber domains in the composition, resulting in enhanced properties from both the natural rubber and the functionalized synthetic polyisoprene.

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Polysaccharide-elastomer masterbatch for making reinforced rubber compositions with reduced water content. The masterbatch is made by mixing a polysaccharide dispersion with an elastomer latex and then coagulating and drying the mixture. This avoids adding water during masterbatch production, allowing lower water content in the final rubber compound. The polysaccharide provides reinforcement and reduces rolling resistance compared to carbon black. The masterbatch can be used in applications like tires, belts, footwear, coatings, etc.

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