Electrode and Electrolyte Compositions for Rapid-Charging EV Batteries

Rechargeable battery cells with parameters designed to achieve extreme fast charging and extreme energy density properties. The cells have anodes with high areal capacity coatings like Si-C composites, cathodes with lower areal capacity, separators with high porosity, and electrolytes capable of fast Li-ion transport. This configuration allows rapid charging (>70% in 10 mins) without compromising performance or lifespan. The optimized anode-cathode balance, separator properties, and electrolyte characteristics enable sequential charging/discharging with high capacity loading in minutes.

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Solid-state battery design that improves charging speed and charge-discharge efficiency by adding an intermediate layer between the negative electrode and solid electrolyte. The intermediate layer has specific properties like compression load above 0.5 MPa, elongation below 100%, and low modulus (<1 GPa). This layer allows rapid charging by preventing lithium plating on the negative electrode and reduces charge-discharge hysteresis. A buffer material with compressive strain above 6% is used to constrain the electrode assembly.

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Secondary battery with improved fast charging and cycle life by using a double coating structure on the negative electrode plate. The negative electrode has an outer coating with graphite and a silicon-containing inner coating. The outer coating includes graphite only, while the inner coating has artificial graphite and silicon. The silicon content in the inner coating (W2) is greater than or equal to the silicon content in the outer coating (W1). This double coating structure allows better electrolyte infiltration and backflow, reducing ion precipitation and improving fast charging and cycle performance.

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Solid-state lithium-ion batteries with improved performance, safety, and reliability through optimized battery component design and manufacturing techniques. The batteries have solid electrodes instead of the liquid electrolyte used in conventional lithium-ion batteries. The solid electrodes are manufactured using electric field-driven techniques like electrospinning to enable optimized lithium ion transport. The batteries also use solid electrolytes instead of liquid electrolytes. This avoids the safety issues of flammable liquid electrolytes. The solid-state design allows for higher energy density, faster charging, and eliminates the risk of explosion or fire.

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All-solid-state battery with improved ion transfer and cycling performance. The positive electrode layer has a unique structure with needle-shaped solid-state electrolyte particles near the electrolyte interface and spherical particles near the current collector. This configuration reduces the ion transfer path length and improves rapid ion transfer to the lower layers. The battery also has a cushioning material between electrodes to absorb thickness changes during charging and discharging.

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High-power Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) rely on highly ionically and electronically conductive cathode active materials (CAMs). While oxospinels meet these criteria are therefore widely employed in state-of-the-art LIBs, we demonstrate that halospinels offer greatly enhanced transport properties enable the incorporation of earth-abundant transition metals such as iron. Using spinel type Li2-xFeCl4 (02 mA h cm 2) at practical current densities (0.5 over 200 cycles. Our findings position LFC a commercially viable CAM, paving way for cost-effective, high-performance ASSBs.

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A battery design with a unique electrolyte composition to improve charging rates, energy efficiency, power density, cyclability, and cost compared to traditional batteries. The battery uses a nitrile-containing solvent, an oxidizing gas, and a metal halide as the active cathode material. The nitrile solvent stabilizes the electrolyte and prevents electrolyte decomposition. The oxidizing gas provides oxygen for cathode reactions. The metal halide functions as the cathode material. This electrolyte formulation enables fast charging, high efficiency, high power density, and good cyclability.

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Amorphous oxyhalide solid electrolytes (SEs) have garnered significant attention due to their excellent cathodic stability and favorable mechanical properties. However, the correlations between structural characteristics in amorphous phase Li+ transport behavior remain underexplored, limiting further promotion of ionic conductivities these SEs. Herein, we establish a correlation cationic coordination saturation SEs transport. Based on this correlation, near-saturated coordinated cation (NSCC)-incorporated Li1.5Zr0.5M0.5Cl5.0O0.5 (M = Nb or Ta, denoted as Nb- Ta-LZCO) are developed with abundant vacancy concentrations weakened Li-Cl interaction, thereby significantly enhancing As result, Nb-LZCO Ta-LZCO achieve impressive 2.33 3.88 mS cm-1, respectively, at 25 C. All-solid-state lithium batteries assembled representative LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode demonstrate superior rate performance long-term cycling stability, delivering high specific capacity 120.0 mAh g-1 10.0 C (1 195 mA g-1) an outstanding retention 84.85% after 2000 cycles. This work establishes generalizable strategy for d... Read More

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Siliconbased anodes offer high energy density but suffer from significant volume variations, leading to an unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). To enhance SEI stability, numerous additives have been designed decompose on the anode and form desirable components (e.g., LiF). However, their electrochemical reduction kinetics surface compete with other components, suboptimal interfacial decomposition efficiency a less stable structure. Here, inspired by bioremediation strategies in petroleum pollution treatment, we introduce proton acceptor that reacts fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), commercially established additive, generate intermediate. Such intermediate lowers kinetic barrier, accelerating formation of LiF enriching it inner layer SEI. Compared randomly distributed structure, resulting exhibits better mechanical stability lithiumion conduction, effectively accommodating changes mitigating stress concentration caused local overlithiation. As result, performance surpasses previously reported works. This intermediatebased strategy significantly improves utilization com... Read More

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Abstract Sluggish desolvation kinetics of Li ions cause poor lifespan metal batteries at ultralow temperatures. Herein, the rapid process is achieved by reducing change Gibbs free energy ( G ) electrodeelectrolyte interfaces. The low barrier can be attained higher entropy S and lower enthalpy H ). In Gibbsfreeenergydriven electrolyte with multiple anions, complex solvation structures are constructed, which release more group states during process, thus increasing . weak iondipole interaction ionsolvent designed to decrease Hence, a realized. Besides, anioninduced structure form inorganicrich solid interphase. These synergistically enhance plating guide uniform deposition An impressive capacity retention 95.5% maintained in Li||LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 cells high cathode loading 3.0 mAh cm 2 after 210 cycles 20C. Even an temperature 40C, stably operate for 220 87.7%. regulation offers innovative perspective design lowtemperature electrolytes interfacial kinetics.

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Electrode and battery design for high energy density lithium-ion batteries with improved cycle life and rapid charging. The electrode has a layer containing a lithium-containing polyoxazoline compound between the current collector and the active material. This functional layer improves ion and electron transport in thick electrodes, preventing lithium plating and degradation during rapid charging. The battery has this electrode design along with a conventional electrolyte. The functional layer allows thicker active material layers for higher energy density, while the lithium-containing polyoxazoline compound promotes better ionic and electronic conductivity through the thickness. This reduces lithium plating and improves cycle life and rapid charging performance of the battery.

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Solid electrolyte for all solid-state batteries that improves ionic conductivity and cycle life compared to pure argyrodite electrolytes. The solid electrolyte contains a very low concentration (100-1000 ppm) of zirconium (Zr) mixed with the argyrodite compound. The Zr addition improves the ionic conductivity of the argyrodite electrolyte without degrading its stability, enabling faster charging and discharging. The Zr-doped argyrodite electrolyte can be used in all solid-state batteries with improved performance compared to pure argyrodite electrolytes.

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Electrochemical devices with high energy density and fast charging capability by using alloys with both solid and liquid phases at normal temperatures. The alloy electrode can have mechanical softness to prevent dendrite growth while allowing high current density. The solid phase contains a first alkali metal like lithium and the liquid phase contains a different second alkali metal like sodium or potassium. This allows the alloy to have a solid phase for structure and a liquid phase for ion transfer.

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Battery electrolyte additives containing fluorinated ethylene-based compounds to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries, particularly for fast charging. The additives are compounds like tetrafluoroethylene bis(oxy)bisphosphonate (TFEB) that can be added to conventional lithium ion battery electrolytes in very small amounts. They reduce the overpotential during charging and improve cycling performance, especially for fast charging. The additives are mixed with the electrolyte salt and solvent to form the electrolyte fluid.

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This study advances anode-free lithium-metal batteries (AFLMBs) by integrating nickel-rich NMC90 cathodes and fluorine-rich electrolytes in large-format 18650 cylindrical cells. A key innovation is the incorporation of 10 wt % Li-rich Li2NiO2 as a prelithiation agent cathode, which mitigates initial lithium-loss improves Coulombic efficiency. The electrolyte includes 30% (v/v) fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) cosolvent, suppresses inactive lithium deposition stabilizes solid interphase (SEI). Unlike conventional AFLMBs that require external pressure, this work uses stainless-steel casing with tailored jelly roll configuration to mechanically regulate plating. optimized cells deliver an energy density 320 Wh/kg, maintain stable cycling over 140 cycles, support 4C-rate operation. Post-mortem analysis reveals LiF-rich SEI extends cycle life, while operando X-ray diffraction provides insights into structural evolution. research offers scalable strategy for high-energy through synergy prelithiation, design, mechanical stabilization.

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Lithium metal battery with reduced resistance and increased capacity by using a composite alloy layer between the negative electrode and electrolyte. The composite alloy layer contains a mixture of lithium gallium alloy and lithium tin alloy (or lithium indium alloy). This composite layer prevents interfacial peeling between the electrolyte and lithium metal during charging/discharging cycles, reducing resistance and enhancing reversible capacity compared to a plain lithium metal negative electrode.

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Solid-state battery with improved performance for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries by using halide electrolytes with nano-sized particles. The solid-state electrolyte contains halides, such as alkali metal halides, represented by a formula. At least part of the halides have a median particle size of 50 nm to 3 μm. Nanoscale halides increase the specific surface area, allowing better contact between the electrolyte and electrode active material, reducing interface resistance and improving battery rate and cycle performance.

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A biphasic eutectic gel electrolyte for decoupled batteries that addresses the limitations of existing decoupling electrolytes like complex battery structures, high cost, poor rate performance, and short battery life. The biphasic eutectic gel electrolyte is made of an acidic eutectic gel electrolyte and an alkaline eutectic gel electrolyte arranged in order. This prevents ion crossover and provides better performance compared to single-phase hydrogel electrolytes. The biphasic eutectic gel electrolyte can be prepared by mixing the acidic and alkaline gel electrolytes in the correct proportions. This allows decoupled batteries with simplified structures, eliminating the need for expensive ion-selective membranes, and enabling extreme fast charging.

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Lithium-ion battery with improved fast charging and cycling performance. The battery uses a modified electrolyte containing a fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) solvent with specific additives. The additives are fluoroalkyl groups like fluoroethyl or fluoropropyl. The additives reduce the resistance of the electrolyte during charging and discharging, enabling faster charging and discharging without degradation. The modified electrolyte has lower resistance, higher conductivity, lower viscosity, and lower surface tension compared to conventional lithium-ion battery electrolytes.

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A method to manufacture lithium ion batteries with faster charging and improved capacity. The method involves adding a metal layer containing alkali or alkaline earth metals to the separator between the positive and negative electrodes. This metal layer provides an additional pathway for metal ions to reach the negative electrode during charging. It allows rapid supply of metal ions to the negative electrode's active layer even when the separator is wound and stacked outside the electrode assembly. This prevents issues like metal precipitation on the positive electrode and enables faster charging by pre-lithiating the negative electrode during electrolyte filling.

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Lithium-ion battery with improved fast charging capability and cycle life. The battery has a specific average width-to-length ratio of 0.1-1 for the negative electrode active material particles, a 7-15 mS/cm ionic conductivity electrolyte, and a CB ratio of 1.05-1.5 for the negative electrode lithiation capacity vs positive electrode delithiation capacity. The narrow particle shape reduces tortuosity and enhances ion transport. The high CB value provides more active sites for intercalation. The specific electrolyte conductivity aids liquid-phase ion transport.

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To address the growing demand for energy and support shift toward transportation electrification intermittent renewable energy, there is an urgent need low-cost, energy-dense electrical storage. Research on Li-ion electrode materials has predominantly focused ordered with well-defined lithium diffusion channels, limiting cathode design to resource-constrained Ni- Co-based oxides lower-energy polyanion compounds. Recently, disordered rocksalts excess (DRX) have demonstrated high capacity density when and/or local ordering allow statistical percolation of sites through structure. This cation disorder can be induced by temperature synthesis or mechanochemical methods a broad range compositions. DRX oxyfluorides containing Earth-abundant transition metals been prepared using various routes, including solid-state, molten-salt, sol-gel reactions. review outlines principles explains effect conditions short-range (SRO), which determines cycling stability rate capability. In addition, strategies enhance Li transport retention Mn-rich possessing partial spinel-like are discussed. Finally, cons... Read More

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Electrode design for high capacity lithium-ion batteries with improved kinetics using silicon-graphite composite electrodes. The electrodes have a specific structure with controlled pore distribution to balance capacity and kinetics. The structure has a silicon-rich active layer with a porosity level that allows enough electrolyte infiltration without excessive capacity loss. The layer contains penetrating pores connecting to the current collector. This allows electrolyte from both sides to quickly access the active layer. The pores also have a depth-thickness ratio in a specific range. The controlled pore structure improves the kinetics of the silicon-rich electrode without compromising capacity.

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ABSTRACT Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have great significance in enhancing energy density. However, low ion diffusion bulk electrolytes, high desolvation of Li + , and sluggish transport kinetics electrode interphases at temperatures cause LMBs to a short cycle life (usually below 300 cycles). In this study, we designed lowtemperature electrolyte overcome these issues. The mediumchain length isopropyl formate (IPF) was employed as main solvent the electrolyte. Especially, hydrogen bonding between nonsolvating cosolvent (1,1,2,2tetrafluoroethyl2,2,2trifluoroethyl ether [TFE]) IPF can be formed, leading weakened interaction solvents. Thus, fast achieved. Additionally, maintain conductivity (6.37 mS cm 1 ) 20C achieve higher transference numbers (0.62). Finally, Li||LiFePO 4 full cells using exhibit capacity 113 mAh g after 480 cycles 0.1C under 20C. Meanwhile, deliver 150 120 50C. This study provides novel pathway for optimizing electrolytes nextgeneration during operations.

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A positive electrode active material for lithium-ion batteries that retains its structure and capacity after repeated charge/discharge cycles. The material has a surface region with higher concentration of an additive element X compared to the interior. This reinforces the outer surface and prevents breakage of the layered structure as lithium is extracted during charging. The higher X content surface helps the material maintain its structure and capacity over cycles compared to a homogeneous composition.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium batteries that improves output, storage, and cycle life at high temperatures by adding specific additives to the electrolyte. The electrolyte contains a lithium salt, organic solvent, and two additives. One additive is a compound with a vinyl group and the other has 3-5 atoms, double bonds, and electronegative atoms. These additives reduce resistance, improve recovery capacity, and suppress gas generation compared to conventional electrolytes.

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Negative electrode for lithium metal batteries with improved cycle life and reduced volumetric change during charging. The negative electrode has a protective layer on the lithium metal surface with particles sizes between 1-100 microns. The protective layer has a Young's modulus of 106 Pa or greater. This provides mechanical strength to prevent dendrite growth and volumetric expansion during charging. The protective layer also improves lithium deposition density compared to bare lithium metal electrodes.

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Electrode assembly design for batteries to improve electrolyte impregnation and reduce internal resistance. The electrode has slits in the uncoated portions along the circumference and radial direction. These slits allow electrolyte to pass through and uniformly fill the electrode stack. The slits also provide wider contact areas when bent to secure the electrode tabs. This reduces internal resistance and improves coupling strength compared to unslotted electrodes.

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Lithium electrode for batteries with a protective layer to prevent dendrite growth in lithium metal anodes. The protective layer is a composite of two layers: a first layer close to the lithium metal with high ion conductivity, and a second layer further from the lithium metal with high electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. The first layer allows lithium ions to pass and prevents lithium depletion. The second layer transfers electrons to the lithium surface and prevents localized current density. The composite layer structure inhibits dendrite growth and improves battery performance compared to single-layer coatings.

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Active material for high-performance lithium-ion battery negative electrodes that balances capacity, cycle life, and energy density. The active material contains both Nb2TiO7 and Nb-rich phases like Nb10Ti2O29, Nb14TiO37, and Nb24TiO64. It also has optimized particle size distribution and contains potassium and phosphorus. The Nb-rich phases improve overcharge resistance and cycle life. The potassium and phosphorus help suppress particle growth during synthesis. The particle size distribution is fine enough for good rate performance but not excessively small to prevent cracking during cycling.

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Additive materials for lithium-ion batteries that prevent or reduce manganese dissolution during charging/discharging cycles. The additive materials are compounds with the general formula Mn+1AXn, where M is an early transition metal, n is 1-3, A is a group 13/14 element, and X is C or N. These MAX compounds have improved thermodynamic stability compared to manganese and can be added to lithium-ion battery cathodes to decrease manganese dissolution in the electrolyte. This improves battery performance by preventing capacity loss and structural changes caused by manganese leaching.

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Lithium nickel-based oxide positive electrode material for solid-state batteries with improved first charge capacity. The material contains Li, Ni, Mn, Co, D, and Zr oxides. The Ni content is 50-85%, Mn and Co are 0-40%, D is 0-2 mol % of other elements, and Zr is 0.1-5 mol %. The Zr content in the surface layer is around 0.1-0.5 at %. This composition and Zr surface enrichment provide a high first charge capacity of at least 160 mAh/g in solid-state batteries.

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Lithium nickel-based oxide positive electrode active material for solid-state batteries in electric vehicles with improved charge capacity. The material contains nickel, cobalt, manganese, optional dopants like aluminum or boron, and zirconium. The nickel content is 50-75 mol %, zirconium is 0.1-5 mol %, and the zirconium content in the surface layer is around 0.1 at %. This composition improves the first charge capacity to at least 160 mAh/g in solid-state batteries. The zirconium-doped lithium nickel oxide provides a higher charge capacity compared to traditional lithium nickel oxide materials in solid-state batteries.

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Electrolyte for lithium batteries with improved charging efficiency, high temperature recovery capacity, and long term storage stability. The electrolyte contains specific additives, compounds represented by Chemical Formulas 1 to 6, that when added to the battery electrolyte improve charging resistance, high temperature recovery capacity, and capacity retention at high temperatures compared to conventional electrolytes. The additives are 1,3,2-dioxaphospholane-2-yl diethyl phosphite, 2-((trimethylsilyl)oxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane, and other related compounds. The electrolyte composition includes 0.1-10% of these additives along with lithium salt and organic solvents.

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Negative electrode design for lithium-ion batteries that improves energy density without compromising cycle life or fast charging performance. The negative electrode plate has two layers of negative active material. The lower layer uses natural graphite with a powder orientation index (OI) of 4.0-7.0. The upper layer uses artificial graphite with a lower OI of 2.2-4.2. This configuration improves binding force between the layers and pore structure for faster ion transport. It allows higher film thicknesses for energy density without film stripping or loss of packing.

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Lithium-ion battery with improved cycling life, energy density, and safety by mixing single crystal and polycrystal positive electrode materials in separate cells. The battery has a bare cell cavity with separate cells containing either a single crystal low-nickel positive electrode or a polycrystal high-nickel positive electrode. This allows leveraging the shrinkage property of polycrystal high-nickel materials at high charge levels to reduce stress on the negative electrode and prevent lithium plating. The single crystal low-nickel materials mitigate issues of gas production, safety, and storage degradation at high charge levels.

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A lithium-ion battery electrolyte composition with improved cycle life, safety, and kinetics compared to conventional carbonate-based electrolytes. The composition uses a high oxidation potential solvent like FSI instead of carbonates, along with a cyclic sulfate additive. The high oxidation potential solvent provides better oxidation resistance and flammability compared to carbonates. The cyclic sulfate additive suppresses side reactions of the high oxidation potential solvent on the negative electrode and improves interface film formation. This allows higher voltage, faster charging, and longer cycle life.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium batteries that improves output characteristics, high-temperature storage, and reduces gas generation and thickness increase. The electrolyte contains a specific combination of additives: a first additive is a compound with a structure represented by Formula 1, and a second additive is a compound with 3-5 atoms, 2-4 atoms of high electronegativity, at least one double bond, and an atomic group represented by Formula 2. Adding these compounds to the electrolyte enhances battery performance, reduces resistance, improves recovery capacity at high temperatures, and reduces gas generation and thickness increase.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium batteries with additives that improve output characteristics, high-temperature storage, and reduce gas generation and thickness increase. The electrolyte contains a lithium salt, organic solvent, and two additives: a first additive with one double bond and a specific structure, and a second additive with 3-5 atoms, electronegativity 3+, double bonds, and a specific group. The additives enable lower discharge resistance, improved recovery capacity at high temps, and better lifespan retention.

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Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) with improved high-rate charge/discharge performance. The battery has a positive electrode with carbon nanotubes mixed with the active material, and the electrolyte contains a specific concentration of a short-chain carboxylate ester. The carbon nanotubes enhance conductivity and reduce capacity fade during rapid charging/discharging. The short-chain ester in the electrolyte improves output characteristics while maintaining capacity retention.

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Composite electrode for lithium-ion batteries with high capacity silicon anodes that avoids the pulverization and cycling degradation issues of bulk silicon. The composite electrode has silicon nanostructures grown directly on stainless steel substrates. The steel acts as a catalyst and seed for the silicon growth. The nanostructures densely pack on the steel to withstand volume expansion. The steel substrate also provides electrical contact. The composite electrode can deliver high silicon capacity and cycling stability for lithium-ion batteries compared to bulk silicon anodes.

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Lithium-ion battery with reduced internal resistance at low state of charge (SOC) and improved gas production performance. The battery has a positive electrode with two layers of different active materials. The first layer has a higher voltage and the second layer has a lower voltage. The ratio of thicknesses and the electrolyte conductivity are optimized to balance capacity, voltage, and resistance. This configuration reduces discharge resistance at low SOC and provides better impedance and gas generation compared to single active material or mixed layers.

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Lithium metal composite electrode material for lithium metal batteries with improved cycle stability and reduced dendrite formation compared to conventional lithium metal electrodes. The composite electrode material has a lithium-containing conductive layer grown in situ on the surfaces of lithium metal particles. This layer isolates the lithium metal from the electrolyte to reduce irreversible reactions and dendrite growth. The layer includes an inorganic lithium compound and lithium alloy. The layer serves as a 3D framework structure that coats the lithium metal particles. This framework reduces volume expansion and dendrite formation during cycling. The composite electrode material is prepared by mixing lithium metal, a metal compound, and conductive carbon, then heat treating to grow the in situ layer.

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A secondary battery with improved performance and safety in aqueous electrolytes by reducing hydrogen generation at the negative electrode. The battery uses a negative electrode with a titanium oxide active material and a separator layer containing mercury, lead, zinc, or bismuth. The boundary region between the negative electrode and separator has a concentration of these metals around 2-8%. This suppresses hydrogen evolution at the negative electrode during charging/discharging, preventing active material loss. The higher metal concentration ratio in the boundary compared to the rest of the negative electrode prevents hydrogen generation from the electrolyte splitting.

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Lithium ion battery with reduced internal resistance using a specific structure for the positive electrode active material. The active material is a porous lithium composite oxide with interconnected voids larger than 100 nm. The voids provide a pathway from the interior to the surface. The porous structure reduces the overall resistance of the electrode. The voids are coated with lithium tungstate. The porous lithium composite oxide active material with interconnected voids and coated with lithium tungstate provides a low resistance positive electrode for lithium ion batteries.

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High energy density and high power density flowable redox batteries using semi-solid or condensed liquid ion-storing materials in the electrodes instead of traditional solid electrodes. The semi-solid or condensed liquid electrode materials allow higher loading of active redox species compared to solid electrodes, increasing energy density. They also enable better flow characteristics for higher power density. The flowable electrodes are transported to and from the reaction zone during operation, allowing recirculation and reuse. This enables high power density while mitigating issues of clogging and degradation from fine particle suspensions. The flowable electrodes can be stored externally and cycled separately from the cell, simplifying handling and enabling rechargeability.

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Solid-state polymer electrolyte membrane for lithium-ion batteries that allows operation over a wider voltage range compared to conventional liquid electrolytes. The membrane is made by mixing a lithium salt, plasticizer, and co-network of crosslinkable polyether and amine additions. Deep discharging the battery lithiates the membrane, providing excess lithium ions for higher capacity. This allows operation down to -0.5 V versus 2.5 V for liquid electrolytes. The solid-state membrane enables batteries with a voltage range of 0.01-4.3 V versus 2.5-4.3 V for liquid electrolytes.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium-ion batteries that enables quick charging and long cycle life for thick coated lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries. The electrolyte contains carboxylic ester solvent like ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and a specific additive, 3-fluoro-1,3-propanesulfonic acid lactone. This additive improves compatibility between the carboxylic ester solvent and the LFP battery's negative electrode to prevent solvent reduction during charging. Additional additives like cyclic carbonate and isocyanates can further improve battery performance.

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Secondary battery with improved quick charging and cycle performance, especially at high energy densities, achieved by optimizing the negative electrode design. The battery has a negative electrode plate with two films. The first film is made of primary particle artificial graphite, with >50% primary particles. This provides better quick charging and cycle performance compared to natural graphite or secondary particle artificial graphite. The second film has artificial graphite too. This configuration allows higher energy density without sacrificing quick charging or cycle performance as much as using natural graphite or secondary particle artificial graphite in both films.

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Positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved cycle life and capacity retention. The material contains a first substance with a crack and a second substance inside the crack. The first substance contains cobalt, manganese, nickel, lithium, oxygen, magnesium, and fluorine. The second substance contains phosphorus and oxygen. The crack formation during battery manufacturing is leveraged to create a unique microstructure that enhances stability during high voltage charging and discharging.

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