Electrode and Electrolyte Compositions for Rapid-Charging EV Batteries

High-power Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) rely on highly ionically and electronically conductive cathode active materials (CAMs). While oxospinels meet these criteria are therefore widely employed in state-of-the-art LIBs, we demonstrate that halospinels offer greatly enhanced transport properties enable the incorporation of earth-abundant transition metals such as iron. Using spinel type Li2-xFeCl4 (02 mA h cm 2) at practical current densities (0.5 over 200 cycles. Our findings position LFC a commercially viable CAM, paving way for cost-effective, high-performance ASSBs.

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A battery design with a unique electrolyte composition to improve charging rates, energy efficiency, power density, cyclability, and cost compared to traditional batteries. The battery uses a nitrile-containing solvent, an oxidizing gas, and a metal halide as the active cathode material. The nitrile solvent stabilizes the electrolyte and prevents electrolyte decomposition. The oxidizing gas provides oxygen for cathode reactions. The metal halide functions as the cathode material. This electrolyte formulation enables fast charging, high efficiency, high power density, and good cyclability.

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Amorphous oxyhalide solid electrolytes (SEs) have garnered significant attention due to their excellent cathodic stability and favorable mechanical properties. However, the correlations between structural characteristics in amorphous phase Li+ transport behavior remain underexplored, limiting further promotion of ionic conductivities these SEs. Herein, we establish a correlation cationic coordination saturation SEs transport. Based on this correlation, near-saturated coordinated cation (NSCC)-incorporated Li1.5Zr0.5M0.5Cl5.0O0.5 (M = Nb or Ta, denoted as Nb- Ta-LZCO) are developed with abundant vacancy concentrations weakened Li-Cl interaction, thereby significantly enhancing As result, Nb-LZCO Ta-LZCO achieve impressive 2.33 3.88 mS cm-1, respectively, at 25 C. All-solid-state lithium batteries assembled representative LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode demonstrate superior rate performance long-term cycling stability, delivering high specific capacity 120.0 mAh g-1 10.0 C (1 195 mA g-1) an outstanding retention 84.85% after 2000 cycles. This work establishes generalizable strategy for d... Read More

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Siliconbased anodes offer high energy density but suffer from significant volume variations, leading to an unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). To enhance SEI stability, numerous additives have been designed decompose on the anode and form desirable components (e.g., LiF). However, their electrochemical reduction kinetics surface compete with other components, suboptimal interfacial decomposition efficiency a less stable structure. Here, inspired by bioremediation strategies in petroleum pollution treatment, we introduce proton acceptor that reacts fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), commercially established additive, generate intermediate. Such intermediate lowers kinetic barrier, accelerating formation of LiF enriching it inner layer SEI. Compared randomly distributed structure, resulting exhibits better mechanical stability lithiumion conduction, effectively accommodating changes mitigating stress concentration caused local overlithiation. As result, performance surpasses previously reported works. This intermediatebased strategy significantly improves utilization com... Read More

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Abstract Sluggish desolvation kinetics of Li ions cause poor lifespan metal batteries at ultralow temperatures. Herein, the rapid process is achieved by reducing change Gibbs free energy ( G ) electrodeelectrolyte interfaces. The low barrier can be attained higher entropy S and lower enthalpy H ). In Gibbsfreeenergydriven electrolyte with multiple anions, complex solvation structures are constructed, which release more group states during process, thus increasing . weak iondipole interaction ionsolvent designed to decrease Hence, a realized. Besides, anioninduced structure form inorganicrich solid interphase. These synergistically enhance plating guide uniform deposition An impressive capacity retention 95.5% maintained in Li||LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 cells high cathode loading 3.0 mAh cm 2 after 210 cycles 20C. Even an temperature 40C, stably operate for 220 87.7%. regulation offers innovative perspective design lowtemperature electrolytes interfacial kinetics.

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Electrode and battery design for high energy density lithium-ion batteries with improved cycle life and rapid charging. The electrode has a layer containing a lithium-containing polyoxazoline compound between the current collector and the active material. This functional layer improves ion and electron transport in thick electrodes, preventing lithium plating and degradation during rapid charging. The battery has this electrode design along with a conventional electrolyte. The functional layer allows thicker active material layers for higher energy density, while the lithium-containing polyoxazoline compound promotes better ionic and electronic conductivity through the thickness. This reduces lithium plating and improves cycle life and rapid charging performance of the battery.

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Solid electrolyte for all solid-state batteries that improves ionic conductivity and cycle life compared to pure argyrodite electrolytes. The solid electrolyte contains a very low concentration (100-1000 ppm) of zirconium (Zr) mixed with the argyrodite compound. The Zr addition improves the ionic conductivity of the argyrodite electrolyte without degrading its stability, enabling faster charging and discharging. The Zr-doped argyrodite electrolyte can be used in all solid-state batteries with improved performance compared to pure argyrodite electrolytes.

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Electrochemical devices with high energy density and fast charging capability by using alloys with both solid and liquid phases at normal temperatures. The alloy electrode can have mechanical softness to prevent dendrite growth while allowing high current density. The solid phase contains a first alkali metal like lithium and the liquid phase contains a different second alkali metal like sodium or potassium. This allows the alloy to have a solid phase for structure and a liquid phase for ion transfer.

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Battery electrolyte additives containing fluorinated ethylene-based compounds to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries, particularly for fast charging. The additives are compounds like tetrafluoroethylene bis(oxy)bisphosphonate (TFEB) that can be added to conventional lithium ion battery electrolytes in very small amounts. They reduce the overpotential during charging and improve cycling performance, especially for fast charging. The additives are mixed with the electrolyte salt and solvent to form the electrolyte fluid.

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This study advances anode-free lithium-metal batteries (AFLMBs) by integrating nickel-rich NMC90 cathodes and fluorine-rich electrolytes in large-format 18650 cylindrical cells. A key innovation is the incorporation of 10 wt % Li-rich Li2NiO2 as a prelithiation agent cathode, which mitigates initial lithium-loss improves Coulombic efficiency. The electrolyte includes 30% (v/v) fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) cosolvent, suppresses inactive lithium deposition stabilizes solid interphase (SEI). Unlike conventional AFLMBs that require external pressure, this work uses stainless-steel casing with tailored jelly roll configuration to mechanically regulate plating. optimized cells deliver an energy density 320 Wh/kg, maintain stable cycling over 140 cycles, support 4C-rate operation. Post-mortem analysis reveals LiF-rich SEI extends cycle life, while operando X-ray diffraction provides insights into structural evolution. research offers scalable strategy for high-energy through synergy prelithiation, design, mechanical stabilization.

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Lithium metal battery with reduced resistance and increased capacity by using a composite alloy layer between the negative electrode and electrolyte. The composite alloy layer contains a mixture of lithium gallium alloy and lithium tin alloy (or lithium indium alloy). This composite layer prevents interfacial peeling between the electrolyte and lithium metal during charging/discharging cycles, reducing resistance and enhancing reversible capacity compared to a plain lithium metal negative electrode.

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Solid-state battery with improved performance for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries by using halide electrolytes with nano-sized particles. The solid-state electrolyte contains halides, such as alkali metal halides, represented by a formula. At least part of the halides have a median particle size of 50 nm to 3 μm. Nanoscale halides increase the specific surface area, allowing better contact between the electrolyte and electrode active material, reducing interface resistance and improving battery rate and cycle performance.

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A biphasic eutectic gel electrolyte for decoupled batteries that addresses the limitations of existing decoupling electrolytes like complex battery structures, high cost, poor rate performance, and short battery life. The biphasic eutectic gel electrolyte is made of an acidic eutectic gel electrolyte and an alkaline eutectic gel electrolyte arranged in order. This prevents ion crossover and provides better performance compared to single-phase hydrogel electrolytes. The biphasic eutectic gel electrolyte can be prepared by mixing the acidic and alkaline gel electrolytes in the correct proportions. This allows decoupled batteries with simplified structures, eliminating the need for expensive ion-selective membranes, and enabling extreme fast charging.

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Lithium-ion battery with improved fast charging and cycling performance. The battery uses a modified electrolyte containing a fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) solvent with specific additives. The additives are fluoroalkyl groups like fluoroethyl or fluoropropyl. The additives reduce the resistance of the electrolyte during charging and discharging, enabling faster charging and discharging without degradation. The modified electrolyte has lower resistance, higher conductivity, lower viscosity, and lower surface tension compared to conventional lithium-ion battery electrolytes.

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A method to manufacture lithium ion batteries with faster charging and improved capacity. The method involves adding a metal layer containing alkali or alkaline earth metals to the separator between the positive and negative electrodes. This metal layer provides an additional pathway for metal ions to reach the negative electrode during charging. It allows rapid supply of metal ions to the negative electrode's active layer even when the separator is wound and stacked outside the electrode assembly. This prevents issues like metal precipitation on the positive electrode and enables faster charging by pre-lithiating the negative electrode during electrolyte filling.

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Lithium-ion battery with improved fast charging capability and cycle life. The battery has a specific average width-to-length ratio of 0.1-1 for the negative electrode active material particles, a 7-15 mS/cm ionic conductivity electrolyte, and a CB ratio of 1.05-1.5 for the negative electrode lithiation capacity vs positive electrode delithiation capacity. The narrow particle shape reduces tortuosity and enhances ion transport. The high CB value provides more active sites for intercalation. The specific electrolyte conductivity aids liquid-phase ion transport.

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To address the growing demand for energy and support shift toward transportation electrification intermittent renewable energy, there is an urgent need low-cost, energy-dense electrical storage. Research on Li-ion electrode materials has predominantly focused ordered with well-defined lithium diffusion channels, limiting cathode design to resource-constrained Ni- Co-based oxides lower-energy polyanion compounds. Recently, disordered rocksalts excess (DRX) have demonstrated high capacity density when and/or local ordering allow statistical percolation of sites through structure. This cation disorder can be induced by temperature synthesis or mechanochemical methods a broad range compositions. DRX oxyfluorides containing Earth-abundant transition metals been prepared using various routes, including solid-state, molten-salt, sol-gel reactions. review outlines principles explains effect conditions short-range (SRO), which determines cycling stability rate capability. In addition, strategies enhance Li transport retention Mn-rich possessing partial spinel-like are discussed. Finally, cons... Read More

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Electrode design for high capacity lithium-ion batteries with improved kinetics using silicon-graphite composite electrodes. The electrodes have a specific structure with controlled pore distribution to balance capacity and kinetics. The structure has a silicon-rich active layer with a porosity level that allows enough electrolyte infiltration without excessive capacity loss. The layer contains penetrating pores connecting to the current collector. This allows electrolyte from both sides to quickly access the active layer. The pores also have a depth-thickness ratio in a specific range. The controlled pore structure improves the kinetics of the silicon-rich electrode without compromising capacity.

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ABSTRACT Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have great significance in enhancing energy density. However, low ion diffusion bulk electrolytes, high desolvation of Li + , and sluggish transport kinetics electrode interphases at temperatures cause LMBs to a short cycle life (usually below 300 cycles). In this study, we designed lowtemperature electrolyte overcome these issues. The mediumchain length isopropyl formate (IPF) was employed as main solvent the electrolyte. Especially, hydrogen bonding between nonsolvating cosolvent (1,1,2,2tetrafluoroethyl2,2,2trifluoroethyl ether [TFE]) IPF can be formed, leading weakened interaction solvents. Thus, fast achieved. Additionally, maintain conductivity (6.37 mS cm 1 ) 20C achieve higher transference numbers (0.62). Finally, Li||LiFePO 4 full cells using exhibit capacity 113 mAh g after 480 cycles 0.1C under 20C. Meanwhile, deliver 150 120 50C. This study provides novel pathway for optimizing electrolytes nextgeneration during operations.

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A positive electrode active material for lithium-ion batteries that retains its structure and capacity after repeated charge/discharge cycles. The material has a surface region with higher concentration of an additive element X compared to the interior. This reinforces the outer surface and prevents breakage of the layered structure as lithium is extracted during charging. The higher X content surface helps the material maintain its structure and capacity over cycles compared to a homogeneous composition.

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