Electrode and Electrolyte Compositions for Rapid-Charging EV Batteries

Battery electrolyte additives containing fluorinated ethylene-based compounds to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries, particularly for fast charging. The additives are compounds like tetrafluoroethylene bis(oxy)bisphosphonate (TFEB) that can be added to conventional lithium ion battery electrolytes in very small amounts. They reduce the overpotential during charging and improve cycling performance, especially for fast charging. The additives are mixed with the electrolyte salt and solvent to form the electrolyte fluid.

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This study advances anode-free lithium-metal batteries (AFLMBs) by integrating nickel-rich NMC90 cathodes and fluorine-rich electrolytes in large-format 18650 cylindrical cells. A key innovation is the incorporation of 10 wt % Li-rich Li2NiO2 as a prelithiation agent cathode, which mitigates initial lithium-loss improves Coulombic efficiency. The electrolyte includes 30% (v/v) fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) cosolvent, suppresses inactive lithium deposition stabilizes solid interphase (SEI). Unlike conventional AFLMBs that require external pressure, this work uses stainless-steel casing with tailored jelly roll configuration to mechanically regulate plating. optimized cells deliver an energy density 320 Wh/kg, maintain stable cycling over 140 cycles, support 4C-rate operation. Post-mortem analysis reveals LiF-rich SEI extends cycle life, while operando X-ray diffraction provides insights into structural evolution. research offers scalable strategy for high-energy through synergy prelithiation, design, mechanical stabilization.

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Lithium metal battery with reduced resistance and increased capacity by using a composite alloy layer between the negative electrode and electrolyte. The composite alloy layer contains a mixture of lithium gallium alloy and lithium tin alloy (or lithium indium alloy). This composite layer prevents interfacial peeling between the electrolyte and lithium metal during charging/discharging cycles, reducing resistance and enhancing reversible capacity compared to a plain lithium metal negative electrode.

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Solid-state battery with improved performance for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries by using halide electrolytes with nano-sized particles. The solid-state electrolyte contains halides, such as alkali metal halides, represented by a formula. At least part of the halides have a median particle size of 50 nm to 3 μm. Nanoscale halides increase the specific surface area, allowing better contact between the electrolyte and electrode active material, reducing interface resistance and improving battery rate and cycle performance.

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A biphasic eutectic gel electrolyte for decoupled batteries that addresses the limitations of existing decoupling electrolytes like complex battery structures, high cost, poor rate performance, and short battery life. The biphasic eutectic gel electrolyte is made of an acidic eutectic gel electrolyte and an alkaline eutectic gel electrolyte arranged in order. This prevents ion crossover and provides better performance compared to single-phase hydrogel electrolytes. The biphasic eutectic gel electrolyte can be prepared by mixing the acidic and alkaline gel electrolytes in the correct proportions. This allows decoupled batteries with simplified structures, eliminating the need for expensive ion-selective membranes, and enabling extreme fast charging.

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Lithium-ion battery with improved fast charging and cycling performance. The battery uses a modified electrolyte containing a fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) solvent with specific additives. The additives are fluoroalkyl groups like fluoroethyl or fluoropropyl. The additives reduce the resistance of the electrolyte during charging and discharging, enabling faster charging and discharging without degradation. The modified electrolyte has lower resistance, higher conductivity, lower viscosity, and lower surface tension compared to conventional lithium-ion battery electrolytes.

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A method to manufacture lithium ion batteries with faster charging and improved capacity. The method involves adding a metal layer containing alkali or alkaline earth metals to the separator between the positive and negative electrodes. This metal layer provides an additional pathway for metal ions to reach the negative electrode during charging. It allows rapid supply of metal ions to the negative electrode's active layer even when the separator is wound and stacked outside the electrode assembly. This prevents issues like metal precipitation on the positive electrode and enables faster charging by pre-lithiating the negative electrode during electrolyte filling.

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Lithium-ion battery with improved fast charging capability and cycle life. The battery has a specific average width-to-length ratio of 0.1-1 for the negative electrode active material particles, a 7-15 mS/cm ionic conductivity electrolyte, and a CB ratio of 1.05-1.5 for the negative electrode lithiation capacity vs positive electrode delithiation capacity. The narrow particle shape reduces tortuosity and enhances ion transport. The high CB value provides more active sites for intercalation. The specific electrolyte conductivity aids liquid-phase ion transport.

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To address the growing demand for energy and support shift toward transportation electrification intermittent renewable energy, there is an urgent need low-cost, energy-dense electrical storage. Research on Li-ion electrode materials has predominantly focused ordered with well-defined lithium diffusion channels, limiting cathode design to resource-constrained Ni- Co-based oxides lower-energy polyanion compounds. Recently, disordered rocksalts excess (DRX) have demonstrated high capacity density when and/or local ordering allow statistical percolation of sites through structure. This cation disorder can be induced by temperature synthesis or mechanochemical methods a broad range compositions. DRX oxyfluorides containing Earth-abundant transition metals been prepared using various routes, including solid-state, molten-salt, sol-gel reactions. review outlines principles explains effect conditions short-range (SRO), which determines cycling stability rate capability. In addition, strategies enhance Li transport retention Mn-rich possessing partial spinel-like are discussed. Finally, cons... Read More

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Electrode design for high capacity lithium-ion batteries with improved kinetics using silicon-graphite composite electrodes. The electrodes have a specific structure with controlled pore distribution to balance capacity and kinetics. The structure has a silicon-rich active layer with a porosity level that allows enough electrolyte infiltration without excessive capacity loss. The layer contains penetrating pores connecting to the current collector. This allows electrolyte from both sides to quickly access the active layer. The pores also have a depth-thickness ratio in a specific range. The controlled pore structure improves the kinetics of the silicon-rich electrode without compromising capacity.

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ABSTRACT Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have great significance in enhancing energy density. However, low ion diffusion bulk electrolytes, high desolvation of Li + , and sluggish transport kinetics electrode interphases at temperatures cause LMBs to a short cycle life (usually below 300 cycles). In this study, we designed lowtemperature electrolyte overcome these issues. The mediumchain length isopropyl formate (IPF) was employed as main solvent the electrolyte. Especially, hydrogen bonding between nonsolvating cosolvent (1,1,2,2tetrafluoroethyl2,2,2trifluoroethyl ether [TFE]) IPF can be formed, leading weakened interaction solvents. Thus, fast achieved. Additionally, maintain conductivity (6.37 mS cm 1 ) 20C achieve higher transference numbers (0.62). Finally, Li||LiFePO 4 full cells using exhibit capacity 113 mAh g after 480 cycles 0.1C under 20C. Meanwhile, deliver 150 120 50C. This study provides novel pathway for optimizing electrolytes nextgeneration during operations.

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A positive electrode active material for lithium-ion batteries that retains its structure and capacity after repeated charge/discharge cycles. The material has a surface region with higher concentration of an additive element X compared to the interior. This reinforces the outer surface and prevents breakage of the layered structure as lithium is extracted during charging. The higher X content surface helps the material maintain its structure and capacity over cycles compared to a homogeneous composition.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium batteries that improves output, storage, and cycle life at high temperatures by adding specific additives to the electrolyte. The electrolyte contains a lithium salt, organic solvent, and two additives. One additive is a compound with a vinyl group and the other has 3-5 atoms, double bonds, and electronegative atoms. These additives reduce resistance, improve recovery capacity, and suppress gas generation compared to conventional electrolytes.

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Negative electrode for lithium metal batteries with improved cycle life and reduced volumetric change during charging. The negative electrode has a protective layer on the lithium metal surface with particles sizes between 1-100 microns. The protective layer has a Young's modulus of 106 Pa or greater. This provides mechanical strength to prevent dendrite growth and volumetric expansion during charging. The protective layer also improves lithium deposition density compared to bare lithium metal electrodes.

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Electrode assembly design for batteries to improve electrolyte impregnation and reduce internal resistance. The electrode has slits in the uncoated portions along the circumference and radial direction. These slits allow electrolyte to pass through and uniformly fill the electrode stack. The slits also provide wider contact areas when bent to secure the electrode tabs. This reduces internal resistance and improves coupling strength compared to unslotted electrodes.

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Lithium electrode for batteries with a protective layer to prevent dendrite growth in lithium metal anodes. The protective layer is a composite of two layers: a first layer close to the lithium metal with high ion conductivity, and a second layer further from the lithium metal with high electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. The first layer allows lithium ions to pass and prevents lithium depletion. The second layer transfers electrons to the lithium surface and prevents localized current density. The composite layer structure inhibits dendrite growth and improves battery performance compared to single-layer coatings.

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Active material for high-performance lithium-ion battery negative electrodes that balances capacity, cycle life, and energy density. The active material contains both Nb2TiO7 and Nb-rich phases like Nb10Ti2O29, Nb14TiO37, and Nb24TiO64. It also has optimized particle size distribution and contains potassium and phosphorus. The Nb-rich phases improve overcharge resistance and cycle life. The potassium and phosphorus help suppress particle growth during synthesis. The particle size distribution is fine enough for good rate performance but not excessively small to prevent cracking during cycling.

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Additive materials for lithium-ion batteries that prevent or reduce manganese dissolution during charging/discharging cycles. The additive materials are compounds with the general formula Mn+1AXn, where M is an early transition metal, n is 1-3, A is a group 13/14 element, and X is C or N. These MAX compounds have improved thermodynamic stability compared to manganese and can be added to lithium-ion battery cathodes to decrease manganese dissolution in the electrolyte. This improves battery performance by preventing capacity loss and structural changes caused by manganese leaching.

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Lithium nickel-based oxide positive electrode material for solid-state batteries with improved first charge capacity. The material contains Li, Ni, Mn, Co, D, and Zr oxides. The Ni content is 50-85%, Mn and Co are 0-40%, D is 0-2 mol % of other elements, and Zr is 0.1-5 mol %. The Zr content in the surface layer is around 0.1-0.5 at %. This composition and Zr surface enrichment provide a high first charge capacity of at least 160 mAh/g in solid-state batteries.

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Lithium nickel-based oxide positive electrode active material for solid-state batteries in electric vehicles with improved charge capacity. The material contains nickel, cobalt, manganese, optional dopants like aluminum or boron, and zirconium. The nickel content is 50-75 mol %, zirconium is 0.1-5 mol %, and the zirconium content in the surface layer is around 0.1 at %. This composition improves the first charge capacity to at least 160 mAh/g in solid-state batteries. The zirconium-doped lithium nickel oxide provides a higher charge capacity compared to traditional lithium nickel oxide materials in solid-state batteries.

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