Real-Time EV Battery State Monitoring

A method for estimating battery pack state of charge (SOC) in electric vehicles that enables faster and more accurate charging and discharging compared to waiting for equilibrium. The method involves estimating open circuit voltage (OCV) for each cell using sensor measurements after vehicle deactivation. This estimated OCV is then used to calculate cell SOC instead of waiting for actual OCV stabilization. A decay parameter based on time and voltages since deactivation improves accuracy.

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Using binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) or BiP analogs to modulate inflammatory responses in intestinal inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) like ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The BiP or analogs can be administered to prevent or treat IBD by reducing inflammation. BiP is a cellular protein that binds denatured proteins during stress. BiP analogs with altered amino acid sequences can have similar anti-inflammatory effects.

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Mobile electric vehicle charging that accounts for battery health and state to optimize charging and discharging between vehicles. The system monitors battery cell states and identifies cells beyond a threshold for remediation. These cells are continued to be used to degrade further. This targeted cell selection allows replacing only some cells instead of all when they reach end of life. It also enables balancing charge distribution between cells to prevent uneven degradation. The system uses battery metrics and historical data to make charging decisions based on cell health.

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Dynamic adaptation of estimation gain in a battery management system to improve accuracy and stability of estimating battery characteristics like power capability and state-of-charge at low and high charge levels. The gain is adjusted based on battery state-of-charge (SOC) to match the changing battery dynamics at extreme SOCs and avoid overshooting. This prevents estimation errors like overestimating discharge power at low SOC or overestimating charge power at high SOC.

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Estimating battery cell temperature using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to provide accurate and wide-range temperature estimation without additional sensors. The method involves estimating the battery cell impedance from frequency-domain measurements of voltage and current, and then estimating the cell temperature based on features of the impedance. A linear programming solver is used to find optimal weighting of the impedance features that provides accurate temperature estimation over a wide frequency range.

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Battery deterioration diagnosis method and device that accurately estimates the deterioration state of a battery in a short time by leveraging the temperature dependence of internal resistance. The method involves raising the battery temperature to a diagnosis temperature before charging/discharging. This reduces the internal resistance effect compared to lower temperatures, allowing distinct peaks to appear in the differential voltage curve without reducing the charge/discharge current. This enables more accurate deterioration diagnosis.

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A control device for monitoring battery degradation during power pumping, a technique used to recover undercharged batteries. The control device estimates the full charge capacity of the main battery during power pumping by measuring its open circuit voltage (OCV) just before and after the pumping. This allows accurate monitoring of battery degradation during pumping, unlike measuring OCV during pumping which is less accurate due to the auxiliary battery as a load. The OCV measurements are taken close to the pumping start and end times.

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Auxiliary component for easily releasing conduits from joints in push-fit conduit systems. The component consists of a sleeve that slides over the joint and a releaser that inserts between the sleeve and the propeller inside the joint. The sleeve limits the sleeve position to outside the joint end and side wall. When the releaser is inserted, it pushes the propeller to extrude the gear ring inside, loosening the joint and allowing the conduit to be easily removed.

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Equalizing current distribution among multiple power supply units (PSUs) in a system to prevent any single PSU from overloading. Each PSU senses the load voltage, calculates its local impedance, and compares it to a reference impedance. It then adjusts its output voltage based on the difference between the calculated and reference impedance values to equalize current sharing. This prevents a PSU with higher output voltage from dominating and allows each PSU to provide an equalized share of the total output current.

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Battery pack with a temperature sensing configuration that allows detecting the temperature of multiple battery cells using fewer temperature sensors compared to conventional packs. The battery pack has a case with parallel-arranged battery cells orthogonal to their axial direction. A single temperature sensor is placed in the center of the pack to detect the average cell temperature. This reduces the number of temperature sensors needed compared to placing one in each cell.

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The rapid expansion of battery-operated signal processing systems across domains such as biomedical monitoring, environmental sensing, and portable instrumentation necessitates the development microcontroller-based architectures optimized for power efficiency. This chapter presents a comprehensive exploration design methodologies architectural techniques aimed at minimizing energy consumption while maintaining real-time computational performance. focus is placed on system-level co-design strategies, including intelligent gating, dynamic voltage frequency scaling, low-leakage memory architectures, energy-aware task scheduling. Emphasis also laid hardware-software co-optimization approaches that leverage profiling, adaptive clocking, modular subsystem activation achieving application-specific power-performance trade-offs. A detailed analysis microcontroller core provided, addressing register access schemes, sleep mode hierarchies, impact peripheral total draw. integration analog monitors budget tracking highlighted critical enabler feedback-driven system control, novel acquisition fram... Read More

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Accurate estimation of the state health (SOH) and remaining useful life (RUL) lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) is critical for ensuring battery reliability safety in applications such as electric vehicles energy storage systems. However, existing methods developed estimating SOH RUL LiBs often rely on full-cycle charging data, which are difficult to obtain engineering practice. To bridge this gap, paper proposes a novel data-driven method estimate only using partial curve features. Key features extracted from constant voltage (CV) process relaxation, validated through Pearson correlation analysis SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) interpretability. A hybrid framework combining CatBoost particle swarm optimization-support vector regression (PSO-SVR) developed. Experimental validation public datasets demonstrates superior performance methodology described above, with an root mean square error (RMSE) absolute (MAE) below 1.42% 0.52% relative (RE) under 1.87%. The proposed also exhibits robustness computational efficiency, making it suitable management systems (BMSs) LiBs.

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Battery prognostics tool that can predict and alert for thermal runaway events in batteries even when the battery management system (BMS) is turned off or failed. The tool uses cell temperature sensors to monitor cells when the BMS is not operational. It compares the cell temps to a thermal model to predict runaway risk. If a runaway is predicted, an alarm is output to alert of the potential issue. This allows early warning of runaway even when the BMS is not functional.

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Vehicle battery management system that optimizes battery health in electric vehicles by dynamically controlling battery temperature and charge/discharge rates based on battery SOH. When the SOH is below a reference value, the system increases temperature to prevent further SOH loss, decreases temperature to prevent overheating, or reduces charge/discharge rates to mitigate degradation. This helps extend battery life by compensating for higher-than-normal SOH degradation in certain vehicle types or driving conditions. The system also provides user notifications to allow manual control if desired. The SOH reference values are determined through battery durability evaluations for each vehicle type.

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Battery management system that allows individual monitoring and control of battery cells without a complex web of wires. The system uses existing power cables between cells to transmit battery parameters and commands. A monitoring board on each cell monitors status and sends parameters to a central controller. The controller adjusts cell performance based on received data. This eliminates the need for extra wiring between cells and allows individual cell monitoring without grouping them into modules. The data is transmitted by injecting modulated signals onto the existing power cables.

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Detecting aging and malfunctions in cells of an energy storage system like batteries in an electric vehicle or grid storage. The method involves regulating power through the system to vary cell current and voltage, then calculating cell impedance from the signals. Cells with high impedance are flagged as potentially malfunctioning. This allows simultaneous inspection of all cells in the system.

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Accurately estimating the state of health of a storage battery by considering the specific use conditions of the battery. The method involves identifying the current use state of the battery and then calculating the state of health separately for each identified use state. This allows more accurate estimation compared to using a single calculation for all use states as the state of health can vary significantly depending on factors like charge/discharge cycling patterns, temperature, and depth of discharge.

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Computationally efficient and accurate method for estimating battery states of electric vehicle energy storage systems using dual estimators. The dual estimators separately estimate battery state and parameter changes around nominal values. This allows tracking fast changes while reducing computation and storage compared to estimating total changes. The nominal values are also adaptively adjusted based on operational data to account for slow timescale variations. A lower frequency third estimator estimates the nominal values using downsampled dual estimator output. This reduces computation further by not using all historical data.

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Battery management system for detecting cell abnormalities using just the cell voltage as input. The method involves generating an observation matrix of voltage histories for each cell, recovering it using principal components, and comparing the original and recovered matrices to find abnormal cells. This reduces computation, time, and power compared to monitoring multiple parameters.

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Diagnosing battery degradation in assembled packs like those found in electric vehicles. The method involves controlled charging and discharging cycles with voltage monitoring. When a cell reaches the end voltage during charging or discharging, the remaining cells are charged or discharged to that cell's end voltage. This ensures all cells are cycled to the same level. This allows accurately estimating pack degradation based on voltage transitions of any cell, rather than over-discharging or over-charging specific cells.

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