Liquid Cooling Systems for EV Batteries

Heat pump system for a vehicle that efficiently adjusts the temperature of the battery module using a single chiller that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and coolant. This simplifies the system compared to separate cooling circuits for the air conditioner, battery, and engine coolant. The chiller is connected to the battery cooling line and refrigerant line. It allows selective circulation of coolant through the chiller to heat or cool the battery. This eliminates the need for a separate battery heater. The chiller also improves cooling performance by condensing/evaporating refrigerant using coolant and ambient air.

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Vehicle thermal management system for electric vehicles that provides efficient cooling, heating, and battery temperature control. The system uses separate refrigerant and coolant loops to cool the cabin, components, battery, and charge rapidly. It integrates refrigerant components like compressor, condenser, and chiller with a coolant loop through the cabin, radiator, battery, and components. A valve allows selective coolant flow through the chiller and battery. This allows simultaneous cabin and battery cooling, separate battery cooling, and battery heat absorption modes. The refrigerant loop only absorbs heat from air and components. The coolant loop provides independent cooling, heating, and dehumidification. It also enables battery rapid charging without refrigerant. The system reduces compressor power, complexity, and cost compared to direct heat pump systems.

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Battery pack design with integrated cooling system for improved safety and efficiency. The pack has a housing with inlet/outlet for cooling fluid. A pressure gauge detects internal pressure. A control unit raises fluid level in response to pressure spike indicating cell event. Cooling fluid circuitry includes pump, valve, heat exchanger, and tank. Fluid pump increases inflow, valve reduces outflow, and exchanger cools fluid. This prevents cell vent gases from blocking fluid level rise. The tank stores cooled fluid to quickly supply pack. This allows rapid cooling of pack in normal state and rapid extinguishing of cell events by rapidly flooding the pack. The pump/valve control balances inflow/outflow in normal state to maintain consistent fluid level.

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A thermal management system for electric and hybrid vehicles that efficiently controls temperatures of vehicle components like the battery, powertrain, and cabin while reducing packaging size and cost compared to separate systems. The system uses a flexible thermal unit (FTU) that integrates components for controlling coolant and refrigerant flow between systems like the battery, drivetrain, and cabin air. This allows thermal management of multiple subsystems from a single device, reducing packaging requirements and costs while increasing function and performance.

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Battery heating device for electric vehicles that efficiently heats the battery while minimizing heat loss in the heater core and radiator. The device uses a branching and merging configuration of the coolant flow paths between the radiator, heater core, and battery. It has a radiator flow rate reducing part closer to the radiator in the branching flow path. This allows prioritizing radiator cooling over battery heating initially, then merging the coolant with reduced flow rate from the radiator to the battery once the radiator has warmed up. This reduces heat loss in the radiator and heater core compared to always flowing through them.

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Electric vehicles (EV) are advancing rapidly, with increasing demand for enhanced technological support. One of the key challenges EVs is ensuring adequate power storage, a critical parameter being battery pack's ability to support high discharge rate. Achieving rate requires proper cell design and efficient heat management within pack. During discharge, generation becomes significant, necessitating an effective cooling system. Battery Thermal Management Systems (BTMS) employed regulate temperatures, optimal performance. Among various methods, liquid-based BTMS demonstrates superior performance compared phase-change materials (PCM) air cooling. However, weight liquid coolers, due volume coolant required, can add substantial battery, impacting overall vehicle efficiency. This paper investigates potential use mini channels integrated into plates applications. The study utilizes finite element method (FEM) simulate fluid flow processes in systems operating at C-rates. findings show that this novel effectively maintains temperatures below 40C, offering promising solution current limita... Read More

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This study presents an experimental investigation of a novel hybrid battery thermal management system (BTMS) that integrates solenoid-actuated Peltier-based heat sink with CuO/ethylene glycol (EG) nanofluid coolant loop. The delivers on-demand cooling through time-controlled thermoelectric operation, enhancing temperature regulation during surges. Experiments were conducted CuO nanoparticle concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2.0% (vol.) and flow rates 1 5 LPM, at inlet 50C ambient 26C. Performance metrics such as drop, transfer rate, overall coefficient analyzed. Results showed maximum enhancement 40.63% (tube-side) 38.64% (air-side) CuO. Compared conventional liquid system, the setup demonstrated 7.01% higher rate improved variation control (up 28.53%). Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis demonstrates 25%30% reduction in long-term costs 36% life extension, supporting systems economic viability. scalable, energy-efficient BTMS offers promising solution for advanced electric vehicles requiring high-precision control.

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Battery cooling system for electric vehicles that prevents delays in cooling the battery pack when switching from cold to hot environments. The system uses a thermosiphon cooling circuit with condensers and coolers. If circulation stops due to liquid filling the circuit, it enters a vapor phase temperature rise control mode. This raises the condenser temperature to lower the liquid level, allowing circulation to restart sooner than waiting for natural evaporation. It also uses higher target refrigerant temperatures during circulation restart to further lower liquid levels. This prevents the condenser and coolers from fully filling with liquid when switching environments.

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Lithium-ion batteries have become a prominent ultimate choice due to their inherent advantages. However, performance is susceptible, especially at high temperatures arising out of fast charging and discharge rates. A good battery thermal management overcome runaway the temperature sensitivity power batteries. Liquid cooling with water as coolant has emerged an integral part electric vehicle-related research. For effective liquid cooling, use min-channel cold plates explored but complicated circuits flow. Present work deals with, two simple designs- Design 1 2, efficacy been tried by varying numbers channels, cross- section profile channels inlet mass flow rate under 3C 5C rates for prismatic pack. systematic extensive simulations are performed, using ANSYS FLUENT 2023 R1, maintaining uniform initial boundary conditions ambient pressure temperature, 300 K. To begin with,simulations performed on single cell extended up pack without mini-channel plate. It observed that 2 yielded better in terms lowest peak difference across cells marginally high-pressure drop zig-zag compared straight a... Read More

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Abstract Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are extensively used in stationary and transportation energy storage applications because of their high power densities. However, performance is temperature dependent, presenting challenges related to thermal management runaway risks. Direct liquid or immersion cooling provides a heat transfer rate by allowing direct contact with the LiBs. In contrast, single-phase dielectric fluids improve safety, reducing parasitic consumption space requirements. This work combines experimental numerical analysis assess an immersion-cooled 4S4P battery module, focusing on effects position fluid inlet outlet, flow type maximum temperature, rise uniformity. Although outlet positions had minimal impact rise, more substantial increase was observed when positioned at top compared center module. Among tested, highest 9.28 C mineral oil, while NOVEC 7000 showed lowest 6.24 C. As increased from 0.003 kg/s 0.010 kg/s, module decreased 4.02 non-uniformity dropped 3.41 Higher needed move through higher pressure drops. general, demonstrated superior among tested.

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Cooling device for electrical components like batteries that uses disruption elements inside the cooling channels to improve heat exchange. The channels have disruption elements like projecting protrusions on the sidewalls and bottom. These elements disrupt the fluid flow to create turbulence and acceleration. The elements are spaced with specific distances to optimize the heat transfer. The disruption elements are arranged on straight sections or bends of the channels. This design provides higher heat exchange coefficient compared to smooth channels for cooling electrical components like batteries.

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Abstract Inspired by leaf vein structures, this study presents a bioinspired channel liquidcooled plate designed to enhance thermal management performance. Topological optimization and crosssectional design are employed reduce flow resistance improve heat transfer efficiency. Among various shapes (rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, elliptical), the elliptical section exhibited superior Specifically, it achieves 31.7% improvement in temperature reduction capability (T) compared rectangular section, while also demonstrating 20.7% increase average velocity better uniformity. The material demonstrates excellent electrical properties suitable for hightemperature applications, as evidenced FTIR analysis, conductivity measurements (4.489 W m 1 K at 25 C 5.557 150 C), specific capacity (1.000 J g 1.276 resistivity (1.06 G cm with stability elevated temperatures). Infrared thermography shows significant reductions under initial temperatures, its being twice that of conventional straight channels. This highlights fluid efficiency, dissipation, structural plate, promi... Read More

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Thermal management system for electric vehicle batteries that allows individual cooling or heating of different zones within the battery to optimize performance and lifespan. The system uses multiple distinct circuits, each associated with a cooling zone, with independent flow control valves. A controller ranks the zones by temperature and adjusts the valves to balance cooling and heating based on the hottest and coldest zones. This provides customized cooling/heating to prevent hot spots and improve overall battery temperature management.

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Liquid immersion cooling (LIC) system for battery packs that uses stacked perforated separator plates between cell rows to distribute coolant fluid vertically upward between the cells. The separator plates have interconnected coolant channels with angled grooves on one plate aligned with opposite angled grooves on the other plate. This zigzag channel pattern creates a pressure differential that forces coolant to flow vertically between the cells. The perforated plates with angled channels stacked between cell rows improve LIC cooling by distributing the coolant fluid over and between the cells.

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Abstract Efficient thermal management of highpower lithiumion batteries (LiBs) is critical for ensuring safety, longevity, and performance in electric vehicles (EVs). Battery systems (BTMS) play a crucial role regulating temperature, as LiBs are highly sensitive to fluctuations. Excessive heat generation during charging discharging can degrade battery performance, reduce lifespan, pose safety risks. Traditional cooling methods, such air liquid cooling, often require additional power complex components, making them less effective highenergydensity batteries. As result, recent advancements focus on immersion, indirect, hybrid solutions. Among these, phase change material (PCM)based BTMS has emerged promising passive approach. PCMs efficiently absorb store heat, maintaining optimal temperature without external power. Their further enhanced by integrating expanded graphite (EG) fillers, metal foams, or fins, improving dissipation. This review examines progress (20192024) technologies, with particular PCM applications fastcharging conditions. It also discusses under e... Read More

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ABSTRACT This paper proposes an optimal control strategy for SOC balancing and introduces a framework analyzing the spatial temperature distribution in multipack battery energy storage system (BESS) composed of multiple modules. While various techniques exist to distribute power among parallelconnected systems, their influence on within modules is often neglected, despite being critical factor accelerating health degradation. To bridge this research gap, integrates 1D thermal simulation stateofhealth (SoH) estimation with split strategies. showcase application framework, comparative study two powersharing methods conducted: (i) Model Predictive Control (MPC) based State Charge (SoC) balancing, (ii) RuleBased (RBC) strategies, highlighting impact aging. Results show that MPC maintains more uniform profile, limiting peak temperatures 300 K minimizing SoH degradation, whereas RBC results higher (314 K) accelerated In summary, primarily intends to: Enable researchers further develop healthaware strategies BESS. Equip BESS operators detailed insights optimize manageme... Read More

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Battery cooling plate design to improve cooling uniformity and battery performance in electric vehicles. The cooling plate has a unique flow path configuration to distribute coolant flow more evenly across the plate surface. The coolant enters and exits along one edge, with a main section of the flow path extending along the other three edges. This main section separates the coolant flow from the plate edges. This prevents coolant heating progression that can cause temperature gradients. The plate also has turbulating inserts between the walls to further mix and distribute the coolant flow.

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With the rapid development of battery energy storage technology, issue thermal runaway (TR) in lithium-ion batteries has become a key challenge restricting their safe application. This study presents an innovative protection strategy that integrates liquid cooling with sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT)-based composite phase change materials (CPCM) to mitigate TR and its propagation prismatic modules. Through numerical simulation, this systematically investigates mechanism optimization pathways for The results indicate pure SAT exhibits poor latent heat performance due low conductivity. In contrast, incorporation expanded graphite (EG) significantly enhances conductivity improves overall performance. Compared traditional paraffin-expanded (PA-EG), SAT-EG, 4.8 times higher than PA-EG, demonstrates more six effectiveness delaying (TRP). When combined cooling, effect is further enhanced, will not be triggered when initial abnormal generation rate relatively low. Even if experiences TR, prevented thickness SAT-EG exceeds 12 mm. Ambient temperature influences both peak timing occurrence modu... Read More

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Direct liquid cooling technology has the potential to enhance thermal management performance of electric motors with continuously increasing energy density. However, direct practical limitations for full-scale commercialization. In addition, conventionally used indirect imposes higher resistance cope increased high power density motors. Therefore, this study proposes a hybrid directindirect oil system as next-generation strategy enhanced The heat transfer characteristics, including maximum winding, stator and motor housing temperatures, coefficient, friction factor, pressure drop, evaluation criteria (PEC), are investigated different spray hole diameters, coolant volume flow rates, loss levels. computational model was validated experimental results within 5% error developed evaluate characteristics. show that diameter significantly influences performance, larger (1.7 mm) reducing hydraulic while causing slight increase in temperatures. rate major impact on dissipation, an from 10 20 L/minute (LPM) stator, temperatures by 22.05%, 22.70% 24.02%, respectively. rates also resulted emp... Read More

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Thermal management system for electric vehicle battery packs that provides efficient cooling and heating without adding significant weight or cost. The system uses a network of flexible tubes connecting intake and exhaust manifolds with channels tuned for even fluid flow distribution. It allows direct contact cooling/heating of individual battery cells by conforming tubes passing between them. The system connects to a pump and heat exchanger for circulating fluid through the pack. The flexible tubes fill and bleed easily for installation. The manifold design prevents fluid bypassing and ensures full inflation.

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Battery pack design for electric vehicles that improves energy density, mechanical rigidity, and space utilization compared to conventional packs. The pack has a unique arrangement of battery modules inside a case. Each module has battery cells arranged in one direction, enclosed in a case with beams between the cells. The modules are fixed to the cover of the pack instead of a separate tray. This eliminates gaps, beams, and covers inside the pack. Cooling is integrated into the module base plate. The pack cover has a water channel to circulate cooling fluid around the modules. This reduces heat transfer path, parts, and space compared to separate heatsinks.

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Battery temperature regulating apparatus for vehicles that uses a heat exchanger and a radiator to regulate the temperature of an onboard battery while reducing power consumption. The apparatus has an onboard battery, a temperature regulating plate, a heat exchanger, a radiator, valves, and a control device. The heat exchanger has a heat source that allows heat exchange without using vehicle power. The control device determines if the battery temperature is above a threshold and if the heat source is mounted. If so, it opens valves to circulate the battery heat through the heat exchanger and radiator to lower temperature. This uses the heat source as a passive coolant source instead of active cooling.

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Electric vehicles (EVs) are pivotal in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving sustainable transportation goals. However, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the primary energy source for EVs, face critical thermal management, safety, long-term efficiency challenges. This study proposes an integrated battery management system that combines a waterethylene glycol-based liquid cooling mechanism with high-conductivity copper tubing to enhance LIB performance, longevity, safety. Through COMSOL multiphysics simulations, this examines behavior under varying operational conditions. The results indicate 20% reduction temperature peaks, maintaining optimal range of 15C 35C, thus mitigating risks runaway. Experimental validation using infrared thermography imaging confirms system's efficiency, showing maximum recorded 43.48C load conditions, significantly lower than unmanaged systems. Beyond work integrates advanced strategies, including state-of-charge estimation, predictive fault diagnostics, active optimization, cell balancing. analysis further reveals proposed improves heat diss... Read More

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A thermal management system for battery packs in electric vehicles that provides uniform cooling to prevent overheating and improve battery life. The system uses a circulation pump, a cooling device, and a network of cooling pipes within the battery pack. The pipes have a first row below the pack, a second row above, and heat exchange pipes between. Coolant enters the lower row, flows through the pack, then exits the upper row. This slow flow time fully cools the pack. The cooling device cools the returning coolant. The lower row below the pack ensures complete cooling.

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Thermal management system for electric vehicles that allows both battery cooling and heating using a single chiller component. The system has a battery circuit, drive circuit, and refrigerant circuit. The chiller can operate in cooling mode to extract heat from the battery during charging or discharging, and in heating mode to provide heat to the battery during cold weather starts. This eliminates the need for a separate battery heater component. The chiller can switch between cooling and heating using a combination valve to redirect the refrigerant flow path.

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Cooling mechanism for square prismatic batteries that improves cooling efficiency compared to conventional designs. The cooling mechanism has a liquid-filled cavity on the battery mounting plate, connected to inlet and outlet pipes. A flow regulating valve controls liquid flow. This allows direct cooling of the battery cells by contacting the bottom of the cells. The liquid quantity is adjustable to match cell temperatures. The total flow assembly connects multiple battery cooling systems to a centralized water circuit.

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Liquid cooling energy storage electric box composite thermal management system with heat pipes for heat dissipation of lugs. It aims to improve heat dissipation efficiency and uniformity for battery packs by using heat pipes between lugs and liquid cooling plates inside the pack enclosure. This allows direct cooling of the lugs where high temperatures occur, as well as overall pack cooling. The heat pipes transfer heat to the upper and lower cooling plates which are connected to an external liquid supply and return system.

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An active liquid cooling system for electric vehicle battery packs using high thermal conductivity aluminum cold plates with unique design features to improve cooling performance, uniform temperature distribution, and avoid thermal runaway. The cold plates have a height of 30-60 mm and a contact angle of 120-150 degrees between the plates and battery cells. This design lowers the highest pack temperature, provides uniform cooling, and handles rapid discharge and load changes. The increased plate height and angle in the flow direction enhances cooling by lowering temperature gradients and providing more surface area.

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A thermal management system for electric vehicles that allows efficient battery cooling and passenger cabin heating/cooling across a wide range of operating conditions. The system uses a common cooler to exchange working fluids between the battery thermal management circuit and the refrigerant circuit. This allows the battery cooler to be used more efficiently and fully utilize the heat exchange area. The system can switch between three modes: 1) simultaneous battery and cabin cooling, 2) battery heating using the battery cooler, and 3) cabin cooling using the battery cooler. Valves and expansion valves selectively route the fluids through the cooler and components like the battery pack and radiator to achieve the desired mode.

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Liquid cooling system for electrochemical batteries to prevent overheating and thermal runaway. The cooling system uses a specialized liquid cooling board inside the battery pack. It has channels with air-cooled components like L-shaped pipes with pivoting fans. The pipes connect to a booster pump, water tank, and heat exchanger. The pipes can tilt and rotate for optimal cooling. It prevents crystal growth in the channels by using air-cooled sections. The pipes pivot to move the fans for better cooling. A tilting frame allows adjusting the board angle. This multi-stage liquid cooling system with air-cooled sections and movable fans provides efficient cooling for high-power batteries.

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Battery thermal management system for electric vehicles that improves temperature uniformity inside the battery pack. The system uses two cooling loops, one bypassing some components like heaters and radiators, to circulate coolant. A valve switches between loops. The bypass loop has lower pressure drop. Periodically switching flow direction in both loops further reduces temperature gradients.

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An energy storage device with improved cooling efficiency for high power density battery modules. The device has two vertically stacked liquid cooling plates that are thermally connected to the battery module's sides. The plates have parallel channels for circulating cooling fluid. The channel lengths on the first plate for some sections are shorter than others. This unequal channel length configuration allows better temperature uniformity by reducing temperature differences between sections. It improves cooling efficiency by reducing hot spots in high power density battery modules. The shorter channels on the first plate compensate for higher temperatures generated at the bottom of the module.

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Battery thermal management system for electric vehicles using immersion cooling to efficiently cool the batteries and prevent overheating. The system involves submerging the batteries in a non-conductive liquid, circulating the liquid to extract heat, and using an external heat exchanger to further dissipate it. This provides a closed loop immersion cooling system for the batteries. The liquid submergence and circulation prevents direct air cooling that can be less effective. The liquid cooling allows higher battery density and capacity without overheating.

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Energy storage battery temperature control system to prevent thermal runaway and improve battery pack consistency in electric vehicles. The system uses an internal cooling loop with a liquid supply and return pipeline, a temperature regulating device, and a cooling unit. It injects cooling liquid into the battery pack if a cell goes out of control to prevent thermal runaway. It also has a fire-fighting device that can spray cooling liquid into the pack from above if needed. This allows rapid cooling and suppression of runaway cells. The internal loop reduces heat transfer links compared to air cooling and improves temperature uniformity.

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Battery thermal management system for electric vehicles that improves battery module output efficiency by using a closed-loop refrigerant cycle with heat recovery and regeneration. The system has a thermal management unit, cycle unit, heating unit, cooling unit, sensing unit, and control unit. The cycle unit circulates a first heat exchange medium to the battery module. The heating unit transfers refrigerant from the compressor to heat the battery. The cooling unit transfers refrigerant from the evaporator to cool the battery. The control unit selectively opens/closes the heating and cooling units based on battery temperature. This allows regenerating heat from the cooling unit to heat the battery instead of wasting it. The refrigerant cycle also allows separate cooling/heating paths to share pipes for simplicity.

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Circulating liquid cooled lithium battery pack with improved heat dissipation and uniformity compared to conventional battery packs. The pack has an internal cooling system where the battery housing is filled with a cooling liquid that circulates through a pump and piping. This allows more uniform cooling and higher heat dissipation compared to external liquid cooling methods. The pack consists of a battery cell assembly inside a housing filled with the circulating liquid. The liquid is pumped through pipes to circulate around the cells for cooling. This provides better cooling and temperature control compared to air or phase change materials.

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Reducing charging time of electric vehicles during high-power charging by utilizing external liquid cooling equipment. The vehicle's thermal management system has two cooling circuits connected by a heat exchanger. One circuit cools the battery and the other is connected to the vehicle's charging input. When charging with high power, the vehicle connects to external liquid cooling equipment. A valve switches the battery coolant flow to the external system, allowing it to cool the battery instead of the heat exchanger. This leverages the external cooling capacity to meet the increased cooling needs during high-power charging.

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A locally controllable active power battery temperature control system to balance temperature within battery packs in electric vehicles. It uses dual cooling systems, one on each side of the battery module, along with a bottom cooling system. Electronic expansion valves on the parallel coolant pipes allow flow rate adjustment. By increasing flow in hot areas and decreasing flow elsewhere, it dynamically balances temperature throughout the battery pack without affecting total flow. This prevents uneven temperature differences during charging/discharging that can degrade battery performance and life.

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Active battery pack cooling system for electric aircraft that uses a combination of active cooling with a coolant channel and passive heat transfer elements to effectively cool the battery pack without excessive complexity and weight from fluid connections. The active cooling system has a coolant channel with a pump to circulate fluid. The passive elements extend from the coolant channel to individual battery modules to transfer heat passively. This limits the amount of active cooling needed. The active cooling is controlled by a temperature sensor to optimize performance.

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Thermal management system for electric vehicles that allows rapid cooling of the battery during high heat conditions. The system has two separate refrigerant circuits, one for the passenger compartment and one for the battery. During rapid cooling, both circuits are connected to the battery heat exchanger. This allows coolant from both circuits to absorb battery heat simultaneously, rapidly dissipating it. The separate circuits prevent overloading one circuit with battery heat.

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Active cooling system for battery packs in electric aircraft that uses a combination of active and passive cooling to efficiently manage battery temperatures without excessive weight and complexity. The active cooling involves a fluid-filled channel connected to the battery pack and controlled by a pump. The passive cooling uses extendible heat transfer elements connected to the pack and the channel. The active cooling provides initial cooling, and the passive elements augment it for individual modules without requiring fluid connections between them.

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Electric vehicle battery cooling system that enables efficient and adaptive cooling of batteries across a wide temperature range. It uses a hierarchical cooling strategy with three levels: air cooling for low load, indirect refrigerant cooling for medium load, and direct refrigerant cooling for high load/overheating. The system has multiple heat exchangers in the battery pack, one with a refrigerant circuit and another with a coolant circuit. The refrigerant directly contacts the battery for rapid cooling, while the coolant provides secondary cooling. This allows efficient cooling in all conditions without compromising performance or safety.

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Battery pack for electric vehicles that combines liquid cooling and air conditioning to efficiently cool the battery pack and passenger compartment. The battery pack has a liquid cooling loop connected to the vehicle's liquid cooling circuit. It also has a direct cooling loop connected to the vehicle's air conditioning evaporator. This allows parallel cooling of the battery pack using both liquid and air to improve cooling performance and reduce temperature variation.

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Battery pack cooling assembly, power battery pack, and vehicle with improved temperature consistency of the battery cells. The cooling assembly has two liquid cooling members with opposite flow directions. The first member has inlet and outlet on one side, and the second member's inlet connects to the first member's flow channel. This split flow path prevents temperature gradients as cooling fluid enters and exits from opposite sides. The fluid circulates between the members and battery cells to equalize temperature.

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Battery cooling system for electric vehicles with improved cooling for individual cells during thermal runaway to prevent propagation. The system has a dedicated cooling circuit inside the battery pack with pipes attached to the cell assembly and a plate below it. When a cell overheats, coolant can be sprayed onto it from the pipes. This isolates and cools the failing cell to prevent thermal propagation to other cells. The coolant is provided by the vehicle's air conditioning system.

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A battery pack and module for electric vehicles that uses a liquid cooling system to improve heat dissipation compared to air or pipeline cooling. The battery pack contains a sealed housing with cooling liquid that soaks the battery cells. Pipes with fins connect the cells to external tanks. A pump circulates the coolant. This allows higher cooling capacity and consistency to prevent overheating and safety issues compared to air or liquid pipelines. The pack can also have an inverter with separate air cooling.

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Thermal management system for high-capacity lithium ion battery packs that improves temperature uniformity and reduces energy consumption compared to conventional cooling methods. The system uses a liquid cooling plate, bidirectional pump, flow controller, water tank, and flat heat pipes between battery cells. The liquid cooling plate has a symmetric flow channel for bidirectional circulation. The flat heat pipes between cells improve vertical heat conduction. The flow controller switches pump direction to balance cooling across the pack. This improves temperature uniformity compared to single-direction cooling.

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An automotive thermal management system that uses separate refrigerant and cooling circuits to improve battery life and efficiency. The system has a compressor, condenser, cooler, and battery assembly connected in sequence. The compressor, condenser, and cooler form a refrigerant circuit filled with a refrigerant. The cooler is connected to the battery assembly to form a separate cooling circuit filled with a cooling medium. This allows the cooling medium to cool the battery without contaminating the refrigerant circuit. It also enables preheating the battery if needed by diverting it through a separate branch. This improves battery life, uniformity, and capacity by avoiding refrigerant contamination.

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Battery pack liquid cooling device to efficiently dissipate heat from battery modules and prevent temperature differences. The cooling device encloses the battery modules in a housing with internal flow channels for circulating cooling liquid. The housing components like side plates and bottom plate have channels that contact the module surfaces to conduct heat. This provides full coverage cooling and uniform heat dissipation across the modules. A silica gel pad between the bottom plate and modules insulates and conducts heat, preventing abrasion. An insulating pad between the end plate and modules electrically separates them. A cover closes the housing.

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Battery module, battery system, and electric vehicle that improve safety and cooling of large cylindrical battery cells. The battery module uses a sealed box with a lower metal bracket, insulating sheet, and side plates to contain the cells. The cells are poured with sealant to prevent leakage. The modules are connected in a matrix with shared negative and positive aluminum rows for series connection. This allows using large cylindrical cells without directional exhaust channels. The sealed box and shared current path improve safety by containing thermal runaway and preventing spread. The matrix layout enables efficient cooling through shared liquid channels.

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