Non-Flammable Electrolytes for EV Batteries

Operating a lithium-ion battery in a temperature range of 5-90°C using an internal heating device instead of external heating and cooling systems. This allows using lower cost, less flammable electrolytes like LiBOB, glycol ethers, and imidazolium compounds for improved safety and cycle life compared to conventional low-temperature electrolytes. The heating device prevents power losses at low temperatures without complex heating/cooling systems.

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Low cost, reinforced solid polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries that provide improved mechanical, electrochemical, and thermal stability compared to existing solid electrolytes. The electrolyte is made by coating a porous substrate with a fluoropolymer-ionic liquid-lithium salt solution on one side and a fluoropolymer-LLZO solution on the other side. The coated substrate is then dried and cured to form the solid electrolyte. The reinforced electrolyte has better ionic conductivity, lower dendrite growth, and higher thermal stability than pure solid polymer electrolytes.

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Non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries that contains a specific additive to suppress gas generation during charging and improve cycle life. The additive is a heteroaromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride, like 2,5-thiadipicolinic anhydride or 2,5-pyrroledipicolinic anhydride. These compounds form a protective coating on the positive electrode surface to prevent decomposition reactions during charging. The additive also reduces environmental risk compared to toxic isocyanates. The electrolyte also contains a fluorine-containing salt, like lithium hexafluorophosphate, and a solvent like ethylene carbonate.

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A lithium-ion battery electrolyte composition with improved cycle life, safety, and kinetics compared to conventional carbonate-based electrolytes. The composition uses a high oxidation potential solvent like FSI instead of carbonates, along with a cyclic sulfate additive. The high oxidation potential solvent provides better oxidation resistance and flammability compared to carbonates. The cyclic sulfate additive suppresses side reactions of the high oxidation potential solvent on the negative electrode and improves interface film formation. This allows higher voltage, faster charging, and longer cycle life.

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Composite electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries with improved stability against dendrite growth and resistance to cracking when used with high-capacity lithium metal anodes. The composite electrolytes have a high volume fraction of inorganic solid electrolyte embedded in an organic polymer matrix. The inorganic component provides ionic conductivity while the polymer prevents dendrite growth and cracks. The composite electrolytes have fracture strengths between 5-250 MPa. The inorganic material can be a lithium-stuffed garnet oxide or antiperovskite oxide. The organic polymer can be entangled with a surface species on the inorganic particles. The composite electrolytes prevent dendrite formation and cycling at high current densities without cracking compared to pure organic electrolytes.

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Power storage device with improved thermal stability, safety and flexibility. The device uses specific components like electrode materials, separator, electrolyte and housing materials that are less prone to degradation at high temperatures. The separator contains polyphenylene sulfide or solvent-spun regenerated cellulosic fiber. The electrolyte contains lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)amide (LiBETA) and propylene carbonate. The housing can be flexible with a rubber band. This allows the device to withstand high temperatures during processing without degrading performance.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium batteries that improves output characteristics, high-temperature storage, and reduces gas generation and thickness increase. The electrolyte contains a specific combination of additives: a first additive is a compound with a structure represented by Formula 1, and a second additive is a compound with 3-5 atoms, 2-4 atoms of high electronegativity, at least one double bond, and an atomic group represented by Formula 2. Adding these compounds to the electrolyte enhances battery performance, reduces resistance, improves recovery capacity at high temperatures, and reduces gas generation and thickness increase.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium batteries that improves output characteristics, storage stability, and reduces gas generation compared to conventional electrolytes. The electrolyte contains specific additives: a compound with a lithium or sodium cation and an anion, and a compound with 3-5 atoms, double bonds, and electronegativity >3. These additives improve battery output, recovery capacity, and lifespan at high temperatures.

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Solid electrolyte for high temperature applications like batteries in electric vehicles that provides high thermal stability and ionic conductivity at temperatures up to 200°C. The solid electrolyte contains lithium, phosphorus, sulfur, halogen, and an element like magnesium or calcium. It forms a stable crystal structure with high ionic conductivity even at high temperatures. The electrolyte can be produced by reacting a composition containing the lithium, phosphorus, sulfur, halogen, and element, then heating.

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Nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries with improved cycle life, kinetics, safety, and storage stability. The electrolyte contains a high oxidation potential solvent like fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) for oxidation resistance and non-flammability, along with cyclic carbonate solvent for solubility. A cyclic sulfate additive like 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dithiol (DTD) suppresses FEC side reactions on the negative electrode and forms dense protective films. Cyclic sulfate percentage is 0.1-10% based on total electrolyte weight. The electrolyte improves cycle life, kinetics, storage, and safety compared to carbonate-only electrolytes.

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Process for preparing argyrodite-type solid-state electrolytes for lithium batteries that involves contacting lithium and phosphorus sources with a solvent-reagent at lower temperatures, like 80-120°C, instead of high temperatures like 400-600°C. This allows forming Li7-xPS6-xYx compounds directly in solution, which can then be collected and further processed into solid-state electrolytes. The solvent contains a lithium salt like LiCl and a polymer like PVP. The lower temperature synthesis enables scalable production of argyrodite electrolytes using earth-abundant elements like phosphorus and chlorine.

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Safe, flame-resistant electrolyte system for lithium batteries that can be produced using existing battery production facilities. The electrolyte is a quasi-solid or solid-state electrolyte made by impregnating an ion-conducting polymer into the battery components like cathode, anode, and separator, followed by removing the initial liquid solvent and filling with a second, more flame-resistant liquid solvent. The polymer allows ionic conduction without flammable liquid electrolytes.

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Fast charge long-lifetime secondary battery with improved cycle performance and reduced internal resistance. The battery uses a specific electrolyte composition and tab design to prevent electrolyte decomposition during charging and discharging. The electrolyte contains heat stable salt LiFSI, lithium salt decomposition inhibitor LiSO3F, and an additive prone to lose electrons. The tab has a controlled temperature rise coefficient α. These modifications enable high-rate charging without excessive electrolyte decomposition, preserving battery performance over time.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium-ion batteries that balances properties like energy density, safety, cycling, and output performance. The electrolyte contains a fluorinated organic solvent, a fluorine-containing sulfonylimide lithium salt electrolyte, and a lithium halide additive. This composition improves conductivity, flame retardancy, energy density, first-cycle efficiency, cycling, and dendrite growth inhibition compared to traditional electrolytes.

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A secondary battery with improved cycling life and low temperature performance by using a nonaqueous electrolyte containing chlorine ions and a separator with lithium ion conductivity. The battery has a positive electrode with a halide like CuCl2, FeCl3, or CoCl2 as the active material. The negative electrode can have lithium metal, lithium alloys, or compounds that insert/extract lithium. The nonaqueous electrolyte contains an ionic liquid with chlorine anions. The separator allows lithium ion transfer. This combination provides better cycling and low temp performance compared to conventional batteries with aqueous electrolytes.

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Low cost, reinforced solid polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries that have improved mechanical, electrochemical, and thermal stability compared to conventional polymer electrolytes. The electrolyte is made by dissolving a fluoropolymer in a solvent, mixing it with an ionic liquid, adding lithium salt, and impregnating a porous substrate. This solid electrolyte can be used in lithium-ion batteries to enable solid-state battery technology. The reinforced polymer electrolyte provides mechanical stability, prevents short circuits from dendrite growth, and has higher ionic conductivity compared to conventional polymer electrolytes.

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Electrolyte for high voltage lithium-ion batteries with improved lifespan and high temperature stability. The electrolyte contains a difluorophosphite compound like (CF3)2PF2 as an additive along with the standard solvent and salt components. The difluorophosphite coordinates to transition metals in the cathode to stabilize the structure and prevent capacity loss at high temperatures. It also reduces resistance at high voltages to maintain lifespan. Other additives like propane sultone, oxalate borates, and ethylene sulfate can further enhance stability.

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Fire resistant lithium ion batteries with improved safety and performance for applications like electric vehicles. The batteries have a non-flammable electrolyte containing lactone solvent that prevents ignition even if short circuited. The electrodes use graphene or reduced graphene oxide for high energy density without catalytic issues. This provides a safer, high performance battery chemistry for electric vehicles and other energy intensive devices.

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Bipolar battery design using solid-state ionically conductive polymer electrolytes to enable high voltage operation without the need for internal sealing mechanisms. The bipolar battery has alternating electrode layers with solid polymer electrolyte layers sandwiched between them. This allows multiple cells in series without the need for separator layers or internal seals. The solid electrolyte material has mobile ions in the glassy state at room temperature. It is synthesized by mixing a polymer, dopant, and ionic compound.

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Solid electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries that has improved moisture resistance compared to sulfide-based solid electrolytes without coating. The electrolyte consists of a core compound containing lithium, phosphorus, sulfur, and halogen with a cubic argyrodite structure, coated with a surface compound containing lithium, phosphorus, and sulfur with a non-argyrodite structure. The coating suppresses hydrogen sulfide gas generation when exposed to moisture compared to the uncoated core compound. The coating also maintains lithium ion conductivity.

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A nonaqueous electrolyte solution for lithium-ion batteries that improves capacity retention and reduces gas generation at high temperatures and voltages. The solution contains a specific carboxylic acid ester compound represented by the formula -C(=O)-(CH2)n- where n=1-3. This compound inhibits gas evolution and degradation compared to conventional electrolytes when used in lithium-ion batteries operating at high temperatures and voltages.

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Solid electrolyte material for all-solid-state lithium batteries that provides high ionic conductivity and improved stability. The solid electrolyte has a specific composition of Li6-x-2yCuxP5-yX, where x, y, and X are adjustable parameters. The electrolyte can be produced by milling lithium sulfide, phosphorus sulfide, halogen compound, and copper compound together under inert atmosphere. The resulting solid material has a crystalline phase with the argyrodite structure.

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Solid electrolyte for all-solid batteries with improved electrochemical stability compared to conventional sulfide-based solid electrolytes. The solid electrolyte contains a nitrogen-doped sulfide composition with the general formula Li6-xPS5-yNzClx. It has improved stability due to the addition of Li3N, which replaces some of the Li2S. This composition allows substitution of up to 25 mol % Li3N without losing the argyrodite crystal structure. This provides stable electrolyte crystallinity and improved stability compared to higher Li3N substitution levels in related sulfide electrolytes.

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Nitrogen-doped sulfide-based solid electrolyte for all-solid batteries with improved electrochemical stability. The solid electrolyte has a composition containing Li2S, P2S5, LiX (halogen), and Li3N. The nitrogen doping improves stability compared to pure sulfide electrolytes. The composition allows high nitrogen substitution while maintaining the argyrodite crystal structure. This provides stable solid electrolyte properties for all-solid batteries.

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Secondary battery with long cycle life and improved performance at high charge rates. The battery has a specific temperature rise coefficient for the positive electrode tab that reduces decomposition of the electrolyte at high temperatures. The electrolyte contains stable salts like LiFSI and additives like LiSO3F that inhibit lithium salt decomposition. This prevents electrolyte degradation and provides sufficient electrolyte for good battery performance. The battery also optionally has additives that oxidize early to reduce lithium salt decomposition.

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Lithium ion battery with improved cycle life and safety using a specific electrolyte composition. The electrolyte contains a non-aqueous organic solvent, lithium salt, and additives. The additives include a cyclophosphazene compound, lithium fluorophosphate, and silane compounds. These additives absorb water, prevent side reactions, and improve cycle performance and safety of lithium ion batteries with nickel-rich positive electrodes at high temperatures. The cyclophosphazene compound reduces water content, the lithium fluorophosphate prevents electrode surface reactions, and the silane compounds stabilize the electrode.

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Nitrogen-doped sulfide-based solid electrolyte for all-solid batteries with improved electrochemical stability. The solid electrolyte is a compound represented by the formula Li6-x-yPSxNyClz (0≤x≤1.5, 0≤y≤1.5, 0≤z≤1.5) where x, y and z are adjustable values. The nitrogen doping improves stability compared to pure sulfide electrolytes. The electrolyte composition allows substitution of some Li2S with Li3N without destroying the argyrodite crystal structure. This provides a stable solid electrolyte with improved stability for all-solid batteries.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium metal batteries that improves stability, conductivity, and prevents corrosion of the aluminum current collector. The electrolyte contains lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide dissolved in a fluorinated ether solvent like 1,4-dimethoxybutane (FDMB). It also adds fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) as a conductivity enhancer and lithium difluorophosphate (LFP) for cathode stability. This electrolyte provides non-flammable, corrosion-resistant, and conductive properties for lithium metal batteries.

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Fire-resistant lithium-ion batteries that can't ignite even if short-circuited, making them safer for use in high-energy applications like electric vehicles. The batteries use a non-flammable electrolyte made from lactones instead of the traditional flammable carbonate electrolytes. The lactone electrolyte, along with graphene or reduced graphene oxide in the electrodes, provides high energy density and resistance to ignition. The batteries can pass nail penetration tests simulating internal short circuits without igniting.

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Non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries with improved cycle performance and high-temperature storage stability. The electrolyte contains a specific compound, maleic anhydride copolymer (compound A), which forms a dense film on the positive electrode during charging. This film prevents side reactions between the electrode and electrolyte at high voltages, improving cycle life. However, the compound A has no film forming effect on the negative electrode, leading to capacity fade and expansion issues. By balancing the compound A with other additives like unsaturated cyclic carbonates, fluorinated cyclic carbonates, and sultones, the negative electrode performance is improved.

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Nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium batteries that improves charging and discharging performance in high temperature and high voltage conditions. The electrolyte contains a compound represented by the formula -SO2O- (like sultones) in a concentration of 0.1-5% by mass. This additive improves charging storage properties and prevents degradation when stored in a charged state at high temperature. It also improves discharging storage properties by reducing electrode dissolution when stored in a discharged state at high temperature.

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Solid electrolyte composition for all-solid-state batteries that prevents interface resistance without pressurization and provides good binding properties. The composition contains an inorganic solid electrolyte and a high polymer binder made of a segmented polymer. The segmented polymer has hard and soft segments in its structure. This binder prevents resistance increases between particles and collectors in the battery. The segmented polymer binder allows the solid electrolyte to form a film without pressurization, which is needed in all-solid-state batteries.

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Organosilicon compounds for use as electrolyte solvents in electrochemical devices like lithium-ion batteries and capacitors. The compounds provide improved electrochemical stability, thermal stability, and safety compared to conventional carbonate-based electrolytes. The organosilicon solvents have higher oxidation potentials, wider voltage windows, and lower flammability than carbonates. They also show lower decomposition temperatures and gas evolution at high temperatures. The compounds include F1S3MN, DF1S3MN, DF1S2MN, F1S3ME, DPF1S3MN, F1S3MC, 1S3DN, TF1S2MN, and TF1S3MN.

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A method for manufacturing high-performance lithium-ion batteries with solid electrolytes that enables thin film deposition and improves battery performance compared to existing solid-state batteries. The method involves mixing a ceramic electrolyte powder with flux materials at low temperatures, shaping the mixture, and then heating it to form a dense solid electrolyte with improved lithium ion conductivity. The low-temperature processing allows depositing the solid electrolyte as thin films for battery applications. The fluxing step helps overcome challenges with solid-state synthesis of high-performance electrolyte materials like garnets that have high melting points.

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Solid electrolyte for rechargeable lithium batteries that addresses issues of dendrite formation, flammability, and safety in lithium metal batteries. The solid electrolyte is a lithium ion conductor with high ionic conductivity (>10^-5 S/cm) and low lithium metal dendrite penetration resistance. It can be used in lithium metal, lithium-ion, and lithium-sulfur batteries to prevent internal shorting, thermal runaway, and explosion risks associated with liquid electrolytes. The solid electrolyte is made by a roll-to-roll process for scalable manufacturing.

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Additive for nonaqueous electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries that improves battery lifespan and suppresses gas generation. The additive contains a specific cyclic sulfone compound along with selected compounds like ethylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, cyclic sulfonic acid ester, and cyclic disulfonic acid ester. These compounds form a stable solid electrolyte interface on the electrode surface to reduce capacity fade, resistance increase, and gas evolution during cycling.

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Lithium-ion battery with improved energy density, performance, and safety. The battery uses a novel electrolyte containing an imine lithium salt instead of conventional lithium hexafluorophosphate. The imine lithium salt improves cycling, rate, and low-temperature discharge performance. The battery also has optimized thickness and elongation of the positive electrode current collector, electrolyte concentration, and group margin of the battery cell to balance performance and safety.

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All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries with improved stability and performance using a specific sulfide material as the solid electrolyte. The batteries have a lithium-sulfur-nitrogen (LSN) compound, Li9S3N, as the solid electrolyte. This material provides better stability against electrode materials compared to traditional oxide electrolytes, and has higher conductivity than sulfides like Li2S. The Li9S3N electrolyte is sandwiched between the anode and cathode to form a solid-state battery with improved lifespan and safety compared to liquid electrolyte batteries. The Li9S3N coating on the anode also protects it from reaction with the electrolyte.

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Solid-state polymer electrolyte membrane for lithium-ion batteries that allows wider operating voltage ranges and longer discharge times. The membrane is made by mixing a lithium salt, plasticizer, and co-network of crosslinked polyether and amine additions. This co-network crosslinks to form a conductive membrane. Lithiating the membrane by deep discharging the battery allows using it at lower voltages (-0.5V vs 2.5V for conventional batteries) to cover twice the distance before recharging.

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Solid electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries that improves safety and performance of high energy density batteries like silicon anode and sulfur cathode lithium-ion batteries. The solid electrolyte is a composite polymer electrolyte with a functionalized poly(ethylene glycol), a lithium salt, an ionic liquid, and graphene oxide filler. This solid electrolyte provides high ionic conductivity and mechanical stability for use in 3D battery architectures with interleaved anode and cathode layers to prevent shorting. It also forms a stable protective SEI layer on silicon anodes to prevent capacity fade. The composite polymer electrolyte improves safety by eliminating flammable liquid electrolytes.

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Battery cells for electric vehicles that use solid electrolytes to improve safety and energy density compared to liquid electrolytes. The cells have an anode with a carbon nanotube structure that prevents dendrite formation and enhances electrical conductivity. The nanotubes have pores filled with electrolyte material to retain lithium ions. This prevents dendrite growth into the solid electrolyte and reduces short circuiting. The anode-solid electrolyte-cathode structure allows high pressure to be eliminated compared to liquid electrolyte cells.

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Battery cell design for electric vehicles using solid-state electrolytes to improve safety and energy density compared to liquid electrolytes. The cell has a carbon nanotube anode structure with pores filled with electrolyte material. This prevents dendrite growth and enhances conductivity compared to graphite anodes. The solid electrolyte separates the anode and cathode. The nanotube pores retain lithium ions transferred through the solid electrolyte, preventing short circuiting.

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A secondary battery with improved high-temperature cycle and storage performance while maintaining high energy density. The battery uses an electrolyte with specific concentrations of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) salts, along with limited ethylene carbonate (EC) organic solvent. The optimized electrolyte composition allows better performance at elevated temperatures compared to standard electrolytes.

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Solid state Li-ion battery fabrication method using green tape lamination and sintering for scalable, cost-effective, non-flammable solid electrolyte batteries. The method involves laminating and sintering green tapes of positive electrode, separator, and negative electrode materials to form the stack without liquid electrolyte. This eliminates safety issues and capacity aging compared to liquid electrolyte cells. The green tape process enables roll-to-roll manufacturing by molding electrode, separator, and electrolyte materials into sheets that are laminated and sintered together.

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Fire-resistant lithium-ion batteries with improved energy density and resistance to ignition compared to conventional batteries. The batteries have a fire-resistant electrolyte containing lactone solvent and electrodes with graphene or reduced graphene oxide. This combination provides high energy density, power density, and thermal stability without combustion even when short circuited or penetrated. The graphene-based electrodes and lactone electrolyte prevent ignition and thermal runaway versus flammable carbonate electrolytes.

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Highly stable and conductive composite electrolytes for lithium-metal batteries that can prevent dendrite formation and enable commercialization of Li-metal batteries. The composite electrolytes have a ratio of inorganic solid state electrolyte to polymer greater than 1. The inorganic component is embedded in the polymer to provide mechanical strength and prevent dendrite piercing. The composite electrolytes have fracture strengths between 5-250 MPa. The inorganic material can be lithium-stuffed garnet oxide, antiperovskite oxide, lithium borohydride, lithium iodide, or lithium sulfide. The composite electrolytes can prevent dendrite formation at 1 mA/cm2 Li+ current density and 45°C cycling for 20 cycles or more.

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All-solid-state lithium battery for vehicles that is stable and has high energy density. The battery uses a solid electrolyte instead of the flammable liquid electrolyte used in conventional lithium-ion batteries. The solid electrolyte layer between the cathode and anode contains both a solid electrolyte and a ceramic nonconductor. The ceramic helps prevent thermal diffusion and explosions by forming an insulating barrier between the solid electrolyte particles. This improves stability while maintaining sufficient ion conductivity. The ceramic particle size is smaller than the solid electrolyte particle size to balance stability and conductivity.

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A solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity for all-solid-state batteries and a method to prepare it. The solid electrolyte is a doped version of lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO). Gallium is doped into LLZO by adjusting the ratio of gallium precursor to lithium source in the preparation steps. This controls the crystal structure and improves sinterability. The doped LLZO solid electrolyte has higher ionic conductivity compared to undoped LLZO.

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Nonaqueous electrolyte battery with reduced gas generation and improved high-temperature storage performance. The battery has a positive electrode with spinel lithium manganese oxide and lithium cobalt oxide, and a negative electrode with titanium oxide. The positive electrode satisfies specific composition and surface area ratios to inhibit gas generation. The negative electrode consumes any gas produced at the positive electrode. The formulas are A/(A+B) >= 0.03 and C/D <= 0.5, where A is the weight ratio of lithium cobalt oxide, B is the weight ratio of spinel lithium manganese oxide, C is the pore specific surface area of spinel lithium manganese oxide, and D is the pore specific surface area of lithium cobalt ox

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Solid-state lithium-ion batteries with improved performance and safety compared to conventional liquid electrolyte batteries. The batteries use a composite solid electrolyte that combines crosslinked lithium-ion conducting polymers with lithium-ion conducting ceramic particles. This composite electrolyte provides high lithium-ion conductivity without the safety issues of flammable liquid electrolytes. The composite electrolyte is sandwiched between porous electrodes made of lithium-containing materials like alloys. The porous structure allows the composite electrolyte to fully impregnate the electrodes, providing high three-dimensional contact for efficient lithium ion transfer.

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