Non-Flammable Electrolytes for EV Batteries

Operating a lithium-ion battery in a temperature range of 5-90°C using an internal heating device instead of external heating and cooling systems. This allows using lower cost, less flammable electrolytes like LiBOB, glycol ethers, and imidazolium compounds for improved safety and cycle life compared to conventional low-temperature electrolytes. The heating device prevents power losses at low temperatures without complex heating/cooling systems.

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Low cost, reinforced solid polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries that provide improved mechanical, electrochemical, and thermal stability compared to existing solid electrolytes. The electrolyte is made by coating a porous substrate with a fluoropolymer-ionic liquid-lithium salt solution on one side and a fluoropolymer-LLZO solution on the other side. The coated substrate is then dried and cured to form the solid electrolyte. The reinforced electrolyte has better ionic conductivity, lower dendrite growth, and higher thermal stability than pure solid polymer electrolytes.

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Non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries that contains a specific additive to suppress gas generation during charging and improve cycle life. The additive is a heteroaromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride, like 2,5-thiadipicolinic anhydride or 2,5-pyrroledipicolinic anhydride. These compounds form a protective coating on the positive electrode surface to prevent decomposition reactions during charging. The additive also reduces environmental risk compared to toxic isocyanates. The electrolyte also contains a fluorine-containing salt, like lithium hexafluorophosphate, and a solvent like ethylene carbonate.

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A lithium-ion battery electrolyte composition with improved cycle life, safety, and kinetics compared to conventional carbonate-based electrolytes. The composition uses a high oxidation potential solvent like FSI instead of carbonates, along with a cyclic sulfate additive. The high oxidation potential solvent provides better oxidation resistance and flammability compared to carbonates. The cyclic sulfate additive suppresses side reactions of the high oxidation potential solvent on the negative electrode and improves interface film formation. This allows higher voltage, faster charging, and longer cycle life.

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Composite electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries with improved stability against dendrite growth and resistance to cracking when used with high-capacity lithium metal anodes. The composite electrolytes have a high volume fraction of inorganic solid electrolyte embedded in an organic polymer matrix. The inorganic component provides ionic conductivity while the polymer prevents dendrite growth and cracks. The composite electrolytes have fracture strengths between 5-250 MPa. The inorganic material can be a lithium-stuffed garnet oxide or antiperovskite oxide. The organic polymer can be entangled with a surface species on the inorganic particles. The composite electrolytes prevent dendrite formation and cycling at high current densities without cracking compared to pure organic electrolytes.

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Power storage device with improved thermal stability, safety and flexibility. The device uses specific components like electrode materials, separator, electrolyte and housing materials that are less prone to degradation at high temperatures. The separator contains polyphenylene sulfide or solvent-spun regenerated cellulosic fiber. The electrolyte contains lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)amide (LiBETA) and propylene carbonate. The housing can be flexible with a rubber band. This allows the device to withstand high temperatures during processing without degrading performance.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium batteries that improves output characteristics, high-temperature storage, and reduces gas generation and thickness increase. The electrolyte contains a specific combination of additives: a first additive is a compound with a structure represented by Formula 1, and a second additive is a compound with 3-5 atoms, 2-4 atoms of high electronegativity, at least one double bond, and an atomic group represented by Formula 2. Adding these compounds to the electrolyte enhances battery performance, reduces resistance, improves recovery capacity at high temperatures, and reduces gas generation and thickness increase.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium batteries that improves output characteristics, storage stability, and reduces gas generation compared to conventional electrolytes. The electrolyte contains specific additives: a compound with a lithium or sodium cation and an anion, and a compound with 3-5 atoms, double bonds, and electronegativity >3. These additives improve battery output, recovery capacity, and lifespan at high temperatures.

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Solid electrolyte for high temperature applications like batteries in electric vehicles that provides high thermal stability and ionic conductivity at temperatures up to 200°C. The solid electrolyte contains lithium, phosphorus, sulfur, halogen, and an element like magnesium or calcium. It forms a stable crystal structure with high ionic conductivity even at high temperatures. The electrolyte can be produced by reacting a composition containing the lithium, phosphorus, sulfur, halogen, and element, then heating.

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Nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries with improved cycle life, kinetics, safety, and storage stability. The electrolyte contains a high oxidation potential solvent like fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) for oxidation resistance and non-flammability, along with cyclic carbonate solvent for solubility. A cyclic sulfate additive like 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dithiol (DTD) suppresses FEC side reactions on the negative electrode and forms dense protective films. Cyclic sulfate percentage is 0.1-10% based on total electrolyte weight. The electrolyte improves cycle life, kinetics, storage, and safety compared to carbonate-only electrolytes.

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Process for preparing argyrodite-type solid-state electrolytes for lithium batteries that involves contacting lithium and phosphorus sources with a solvent-reagent at lower temperatures, like 80-120°C, instead of high temperatures like 400-600°C. This allows forming Li7-xPS6-xYx compounds directly in solution, which can then be collected and further processed into solid-state electrolytes. The solvent contains a lithium salt like LiCl and a polymer like PVP. The lower temperature synthesis enables scalable production of argyrodite electrolytes using earth-abundant elements like phosphorus and chlorine.

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Safe, flame-resistant electrolyte system for lithium batteries that can be produced using existing battery production facilities. The electrolyte is a quasi-solid or solid-state electrolyte made by impregnating an ion-conducting polymer into the battery components like cathode, anode, and separator, followed by removing the initial liquid solvent and filling with a second, more flame-resistant liquid solvent. The polymer allows ionic conduction without flammable liquid electrolytes.

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Fast charge long-lifetime secondary battery with improved cycle performance and reduced internal resistance. The battery uses a specific electrolyte composition and tab design to prevent electrolyte decomposition during charging and discharging. The electrolyte contains heat stable salt LiFSI, lithium salt decomposition inhibitor LiSO3F, and an additive prone to lose electrons. The tab has a controlled temperature rise coefficient α. These modifications enable high-rate charging without excessive electrolyte decomposition, preserving battery performance over time.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium-ion batteries that balances properties like energy density, safety, cycling, and output performance. The electrolyte contains a fluorinated organic solvent, a fluorine-containing sulfonylimide lithium salt electrolyte, and a lithium halide additive. This composition improves conductivity, flame retardancy, energy density, first-cycle efficiency, cycling, and dendrite growth inhibition compared to traditional electrolytes.

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A secondary battery with improved cycling life and low temperature performance by using a nonaqueous electrolyte containing chlorine ions and a separator with lithium ion conductivity. The battery has a positive electrode with a halide like CuCl2, FeCl3, or CoCl2 as the active material. The negative electrode can have lithium metal, lithium alloys, or compounds that insert/extract lithium. The nonaqueous electrolyte contains an ionic liquid with chlorine anions. The separator allows lithium ion transfer. This combination provides better cycling and low temp performance compared to conventional batteries with aqueous electrolytes.

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Low cost, reinforced solid polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries that have improved mechanical, electrochemical, and thermal stability compared to conventional polymer electrolytes. The electrolyte is made by dissolving a fluoropolymer in a solvent, mixing it with an ionic liquid, adding lithium salt, and impregnating a porous substrate. This solid electrolyte can be used in lithium-ion batteries to enable solid-state battery technology. The reinforced polymer electrolyte provides mechanical stability, prevents short circuits from dendrite growth, and has higher ionic conductivity compared to conventional polymer electrolytes.

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Electrolyte for high voltage lithium-ion batteries with improved lifespan and high temperature stability. The electrolyte contains a difluorophosphite compound like (CF3)2PF2 as an additive along with the standard solvent and salt components. The difluorophosphite coordinates to transition metals in the cathode to stabilize the structure and prevent capacity loss at high temperatures. It also reduces resistance at high voltages to maintain lifespan. Other additives like propane sultone, oxalate borates, and ethylene sulfate can further enhance stability.

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Fire resistant lithium ion batteries with improved safety and performance for applications like electric vehicles. The batteries have a non-flammable electrolyte containing lactone solvent that prevents ignition even if short circuited. The electrodes use graphene or reduced graphene oxide for high energy density without catalytic issues. This provides a safer, high performance battery chemistry for electric vehicles and other energy intensive devices.

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Bipolar battery design using solid-state ionically conductive polymer electrolytes to enable high voltage operation without the need for internal sealing mechanisms. The bipolar battery has alternating electrode layers with solid polymer electrolyte layers sandwiched between them. This allows multiple cells in series without the need for separator layers or internal seals. The solid electrolyte material has mobile ions in the glassy state at room temperature. It is synthesized by mixing a polymer, dopant, and ionic compound.

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Solid electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries that has improved moisture resistance compared to sulfide-based solid electrolytes without coating. The electrolyte consists of a core compound containing lithium, phosphorus, sulfur, and halogen with a cubic argyrodite structure, coated with a surface compound containing lithium, phosphorus, and sulfur with a non-argyrodite structure. The coating suppresses hydrogen sulfide gas generation when exposed to moisture compared to the uncoated core compound. The coating also maintains lithium ion conductivity.

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