Non-Flammable Electrolytes for Safer Li-ion Batteries

Operating a lithium-ion battery in a temperature range of 5-90°C using an internal heating device instead of external heating and cooling systems. This allows using lower cost, less flammable electrolytes like LiBOB, glycol ethers, and imidazolium compounds for improved safety and cycle life compared to conventional low-temperature electrolytes. The heating device prevents power losses at low temperatures without complex heating/cooling systems.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium batteries that improves output, storage, and cycle life at high temperatures by adding specific additives to the electrolyte. The electrolyte contains a lithium salt, organic solvent, and two additives. One additive is a compound with a vinyl group and the other has 3-5 atoms, double bonds, and electronegative atoms. These additives reduce resistance, improve recovery capacity, and suppress gas generation compared to conventional electrolytes.

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Battery cell separator with improved electrolyte flow and reduced heat generation compared to conventional separators. The separator has a laser-patterned polymer layer on a ceramic layer. The polymer layer is randomly distributed on the ceramic layer in conventional separators. The laser treatment etches a pattern into the polymer without modifying the ceramic. This separator design promotes electrolyte flow and minimizes heat effects in battery cells compared to unmodified separators.

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Low cost, reinforced solid polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries that provide improved mechanical, electrochemical, and thermal stability compared to existing solid electrolytes. The electrolyte is made by coating a porous substrate with a fluoropolymer-ionic liquid-lithium salt solution on one side and a fluoropolymer-LLZO solution on the other side. The coated substrate is then dried and cured to form the solid electrolyte. The reinforced electrolyte has better ionic conductivity, lower dendrite growth, and higher thermal stability than pure solid polymer electrolytes.

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Non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries that contains a specific additive to suppress gas generation during charging and improve cycle life. The additive is a heteroaromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride, like 2,5-thiadipicolinic anhydride or 2,5-pyrroledipicolinic anhydride. These compounds form a protective coating on the positive electrode surface to prevent decomposition reactions during charging. The additive also reduces environmental risk compared to toxic isocyanates. The electrolyte also contains a fluorine-containing salt, like lithium hexafluorophosphate, and a solvent like ethylene carbonate.

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A lithium-ion battery electrolyte composition with improved cycle life, safety, and kinetics compared to conventional carbonate-based electrolytes. The composition uses a high oxidation potential solvent like FSI instead of carbonates, along with a cyclic sulfate additive. The high oxidation potential solvent provides better oxidation resistance and flammability compared to carbonates. The cyclic sulfate additive suppresses side reactions of the high oxidation potential solvent on the negative electrode and improves interface film formation. This allows higher voltage, faster charging, and longer cycle life.

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Composite electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries with improved stability against dendrite growth and resistance to cracking when used with high-capacity lithium metal anodes. The composite electrolytes have a high volume fraction of inorganic solid electrolyte embedded in an organic polymer matrix. The inorganic component provides ionic conductivity while the polymer prevents dendrite growth and cracks. The composite electrolytes have fracture strengths between 5-250 MPa. The inorganic material can be a lithium-stuffed garnet oxide or antiperovskite oxide. The organic polymer can be entangled with a surface species on the inorganic particles. The composite electrolytes prevent dendrite formation and cycling at high current densities without cracking compared to pure organic electrolytes.

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Power storage device with improved thermal stability, safety and flexibility. The device uses specific components like electrode materials, separator, electrolyte and housing materials that are less prone to degradation at high temperatures. The separator contains polyphenylene sulfide or solvent-spun regenerated cellulosic fiber. The electrolyte contains lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)amide (LiBETA) and propylene carbonate. The housing can be flexible with a rubber band. This allows the device to withstand high temperatures during processing without degrading performance.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium batteries that improves output characteristics, high-temperature storage, and reduces gas generation and thickness increase. The electrolyte contains a specific combination of additives: a first additive is a compound with a structure represented by Formula 1, and a second additive is a compound with 3-5 atoms, 2-4 atoms of high electronegativity, at least one double bond, and an atomic group represented by Formula 2. Adding these compounds to the electrolyte enhances battery performance, reduces resistance, improves recovery capacity at high temperatures, and reduces gas generation and thickness increase.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium batteries that improves output characteristics, storage stability, and reduces gas generation compared to conventional electrolytes. The electrolyte contains specific additives: a compound with a lithium or sodium cation and an anion, and a compound with 3-5 atoms, double bonds, and electronegativity >3. These additives improve battery output, recovery capacity, and lifespan at high temperatures.

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Lithium battery separator that combines the benefits of polymer separators and solid ceramic electrolytes for improved battery performance. The separator is a three-layer structure with ceramic electrolyte coatings on either side of a polymer separator. The ceramic layers, made of materials like lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP), provide high ionic conductivity, stability, and prevent dendrite formation. The polymer separator provides flexibility and mechanical strength. The hybrid separator shows better electrolyte uptake, ionic conductivity, interface stability, cycle life, and voltage polarization compared to regular polymer separators.

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Solid electrolyte for high temperature applications like batteries in electric vehicles that provides high thermal stability and ionic conductivity at temperatures up to 200°C. The solid electrolyte contains lithium, phosphorus, sulfur, halogen, and an element like magnesium or calcium. It forms a stable crystal structure with high ionic conductivity even at high temperatures. The electrolyte can be produced by reacting a composition containing the lithium, phosphorus, sulfur, halogen, and element, then heating.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium-ion batteries that enables quick charging and long cycle life for thick coated lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries. The electrolyte contains carboxylic ester solvent like ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and a specific additive, 3-fluoro-1,3-propanesulfonic acid lactone. This additive improves compatibility between the carboxylic ester solvent and the LFP battery's negative electrode to prevent solvent reduction during charging. Additional additives like cyclic carbonate and isocyanates can further improve battery performance.

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Nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries with improved cycle life, kinetics, safety, and storage stability. The electrolyte contains a high oxidation potential solvent like fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) for oxidation resistance and non-flammability, along with cyclic carbonate solvent for solubility. A cyclic sulfate additive like 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dithiol (DTD) suppresses FEC side reactions on the negative electrode and forms dense protective films. Cyclic sulfate percentage is 0.1-10% based on total electrolyte weight. The electrolyte improves cycle life, kinetics, storage, and safety compared to carbonate-only electrolytes.

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Multiphase thin film solid-state electrolytes for solid-state batteries that have improved properties like stability, compatibility with Li metal, density, and strength compared to conventional single-phase garnet electrolytes. The multiphase electrolytes contain a primary cubic lithium-stuffed garnet phase with a secondary phase inclusion. The cubic garnet phase is present at 70-99.9% volume, while the secondary phase is 30-0.1% volume. The multiphase structure provides better properties for solid-state batteries compared to single-phase garnet electrolytes.

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A lithium ion battery with improved rate performance using a specific electrolyte additive. The battery contains a negative electrode with silicon particles dispersed in a lithium silicate phase. The electrolyte solution has a fluorine-containing linear carboxylic acid ester. This additive prevents cracks in the lithium silicate phase during charging/discharging, reducing formation of resistance layers. The ester forms a SEI film on the silicate surface, allowing volume expansion without cracking. The SEI film has high lithium ion permeability and stability, preventing deterioration in high-rate charging. The fluorine substitution on the ester chain enhances ionic conductivity.

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Process for preparing argyrodite-type solid-state electrolytes for lithium batteries that involves contacting lithium and phosphorus sources with a solvent-reagent at lower temperatures, like 80-120°C, instead of high temperatures like 400-600°C. This allows forming Li7-xPS6-xYx compounds directly in solution, which can then be collected and further processed into solid-state electrolytes. The solvent contains a lithium salt like LiCl and a polymer like PVP. The lower temperature synthesis enables scalable production of argyrodite electrolytes using earth-abundant elements like phosphorus and chlorine.

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Safe, flame-resistant electrolyte system for lithium batteries that can be produced using existing battery production facilities. The electrolyte is a quasi-solid or solid-state electrolyte made by impregnating an ion-conducting polymer into the battery components like cathode, anode, and separator, followed by removing the initial liquid solvent and filling with a second, more flame-resistant liquid solvent. The polymer allows ionic conduction without flammable liquid electrolytes.

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Fast charge long-lifetime secondary battery with improved cycle performance and reduced internal resistance. The battery uses a specific electrolyte composition and tab design to prevent electrolyte decomposition during charging and discharging. The electrolyte contains heat stable salt LiFSI, lithium salt decomposition inhibitor LiSO3F, and an additive prone to lose electrons. The tab has a controlled temperature rise coefficient α. These modifications enable high-rate charging without excessive electrolyte decomposition, preserving battery performance over time.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium-ion batteries that balances properties like energy density, safety, cycling, and output performance. The electrolyte contains a fluorinated organic solvent, a fluorine-containing sulfonylimide lithium salt electrolyte, and a lithium halide additive. This composition improves conductivity, flame retardancy, energy density, first-cycle efficiency, cycling, and dendrite growth inhibition compared to traditional electrolytes.

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