Fast Charging Technologies for EV Batteries

Modifying an electric vehicle (EV) charge port to allow higher AC charging power without changing the physical connector. The modification involves using the DC fast charging (DCFC) pins to receive an additional phase of AC current when connected to an AC power source. This increases the overall AC charging power beyond what the standard connector can provide. The modification requires modifying the vehicle's charge port operation and control, but not the connector itself.

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Charging battery of electric vehicles using existing infrastructure without additional equipment. The charging system converts charging voltages from external sources to match the battery voltage using the vehicle's motor inverter. It does this by selectively short circuiting or opening switches and inverters based on the charging voltage level. This allows converting higher or lower charging voltages to match the battery voltage without dropping charge power like conventional chargers do.

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A converter circuit for an on-board charging device in electric vehicles that provides efficient charging over a wide voltage range. The circuit uses a combination of a resonant converter and a phase-shifted full-bridge converter. The resonant converters output voltages that follow a predetermined ratio of the battery minimum/maximum voltages. The full-bridge converter outputs current or voltage based on a phase shift between the resonant converter signals. This allows efficient charging at low loads and wide voltage swings. A controller generates signals for the resonant converters and phase shift to follow battery voltages, and generates the phase shift pulse for constant current/voltage control.

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High-power, short-duration charging system for mass transit vehicles like trains, buses, and trams that enables rapid charging in less than a minute at stations. The system uses conductive rails embedded in the tracks that deliver charging at up to 500 kW. The charging is automated and autonomous, with a safety system to prevent erroneous charging. The system aims to charge the vehicle enough during a stop to continue operation on battery alone. It uses short bursts of charging, like flash charging, rather than slow stationary charging. The high charging rate allows quick bursts in the time between stops. The system can also monitor factors like battery level, route, and occupancy to optimize charging.

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Reconfigurable onboard charging system for electric vehicles that leverages existing motor and inverter components. The system uses a configurator to reconfigure the motor windings and inverter switches between traction mode and charging mode. In traction mode, it converts battery DC to AC to drive the motor. In charging mode, it forms an isolated charger using the motor windings and inverter switches. This allows high-power onboard charging without external equipment.

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Bidirectional plug-in electric vehicle with an onboard device capable of working as a motor with regenerative braking for driving and as an isolated fast charger and discharger for energy transfer with an off-board power grid. The onboard device is a motor-transformer (MT) with multiple electrical and mechanical ports that transfers kinetic and electrical energy bidirectionally between onboard electric vehicle components and off-board grids. The MT has multiple field coils, configuration switches, and a matrix converter to enable both motor and transformer functionality without isolation transformers. This allows fast charging/discharging directly from the grid without bulky external chargers. The MT optimized for motoring has higher torque frequency, but lower power at grid frequency. A matrix converter is needed to transform grid frequency for full transformer power.

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A system to optimize electric vehicle (EV) charging by dynamically allocating charging stations based on vehicle battery size and charge rate. The system involves communication between EVs and charging stations using wireless signals. The EVs transmit their battery level, draw rate, destination, and charge capacity. The stations stack this data against their current status to determine optimal charging assignments. This allows faster, more efficient, and fairer utilization of charging infrastructure by matching EV needs to station capabilities.

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Lithium-ion battery with high energy density and fast charging performance while reducing gas production during cycling and storage to prevent swelling and safety issues. The battery has a cell group margin of 88-97% and uses a non-aqueous electrolyte with a specific solvent composition. The electrolyte contains a first organic solvent with compounds represented by formula 1. This adjustment of solvents and additives reduces gas generation during battery operation to mitigate swelling and improve safety while still allowing high energy density and fast charging.

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Optimizing battery charging speed by dynamically adjusting charging power based on initial battery state and temperature. The method involves heating or cooling the battery during charging based on its initial temperature and charging at a high power until full. This achieves faster charging compared to fixed power charging at lower temperatures. The battery is heated if initially cold and cooled if initially hot. The charging power is initially set based on the initial temperature and SoC.

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Charging thermal management for vehicles to reduce charging time when using high-current fast chargers. The method involves pre-adjusting the battery temperature to match the fast charging requirements of the charger before the vehicle arrives. This is done by determining the optimal battery temperature based on factors like current battery state, charger capabilities, and expected arrival time. The battery temperature is then adjusted en route to the charger to optimize charging speed.

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High-efficiency charging control device for electric vehicles that reduces charging time and improves battery life by allowing variable current charging closer to constant power charging. The device uses a charging pile with a current collection resistor and switch connected to the vehicle's battery management system via the charging interface. This allows real-time adjustment of the charging current based on battery state.

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A method for charging an electric vehicle battery using a charging station that provides a higher initial charging rate followed by a lower rate. The charging station has an electronic controller. The method involves using the controller to provide a first charging mode where the battery is charged at maximum rate from the station and/or the battery itself. This is followed by a second charging mode with lower rate than maximum. This two-step charging allows faster initial charge to a useful level, then slower charge to finish without overloading the battery.

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Charging control system for electric vehicles that allows charging stations to actively manage the charging process and adapt it based on the vehicle's needs. The system enables chargers to modify the charging current and power during constant current or constant power charging modes based on commands from the vehicle. This allows chargers to optimize charging efficiency and performance by adjusting the charging profile to account for factors like battery state, environmental conditions, and travel distance remaining.

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Battery charging management method to optimize charging speed and battery life in different usage scenarios. The method involves determining the appropriate charging current based on real-time temperature and power data, and dynamically adjusting the charging mode to balance speed and safety. It uses a lookup table called the "charge quality action potential diagram" to find the optimal current given the temperature and state of charge. By selecting the appropriate current for each condition, charging efficiency is improved without overcharging or damaging the battery.

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Electric vehicle charging system that allows fast charging while minimizing battery degradation. The system uses optimized charging protocols based on battery condition to balance fast charging speed with battery life. It analyzes battery state during charging to determine degradation level. Then it adjusts charging parameters like current, duty cycle, and frequency for that battery to delay degradation while still allowing fast charging.

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A charge control device for electric vehicles that aims to reduce battery charging time by mitigating power loss when the vehicle is in use. The device monitors the difference between the power supplied by the charger and the power actually going into the battery due to other vehicle electronics. When this difference occurs, the charge controller increases the supply power to compensate and prevent a drop in battery charge rate. This prevents the battery from receiving less charge than intended when the vehicle is being driven, thus avoiding unnecessary extension of charging times.

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Low-temperature environment vehicle battery charging method to improve efficiency and practicality of current regulation for lithium-ion batteries in cold weather. The method involves determining the charging mode based on the battery temperature and ambient temperature. In low temperature, it adjusts the battery pack's request current to match the charging pile's output, covering vehicle load consumption and heating needs, to avoid SOC drop during charging. This ensures fast charging in cold environments. The charging mode also allows detecting and handling heating/charging circuit failures during charging for safety.

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Vehicle battery charging control method and battery management system to improve charging efficiency in cold temperatures. The method involves using a hot air fan to heat the battery during charging, but also increasing the charging current of specific cells that are still cold. This allows those cells to self-heat faster. By combining hot air heating and targeted cell current increases, the battery can be evenly heated and charged more quickly in cold conditions.

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A high-voltage battery charging system that enables efficient and effective battery charging and thermal management. The system uses a trained thermal management unit in the high-voltage circuit that starts cooling or heating when the battery temperature reaches a predetermined threshold. This adaptive thermal management improves charging efficiency and prevents overheating compared to fixed cooling/heating. The unit is constructed based on the startup environment threshold and trained using a neural network. The system also acquires battery temperature during charging and uses it to trigger the thermal management.

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Automatic charging current control when battery charging is abnormally terminated in an eco-friendly vehicle. The system uses the vehicle's onboard charger to request a charging current from the power supply. When charging is abruptly halted before completion, the charger adjusts the requested current based on information from the power supply upon termination and completion. This prevents failed charges due to low current availability and reduces charge time compared to manual adjustment.

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