Techniques for Faster Charging of EV Batteries

Ultrafast-charging (UFC) technology for electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage devices has brought with it an increase in demand lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, although they pose advantages driving range charging time, LIBs face several challenges such as mechanical degradation, lithium dendrite formation, electrolyte decomposition, concerns about thermal runaway safety. This review evaluates the key advances LIB components (anodes, cathodes, electrolytes, separators, binders), alongside innovations protocols safety concerns. Material-level solutions nanostructuring, doping, composite architectures are investigated to improve ion diffusion, conductivity, electrode stability. Electrolyte modifications, separator enhancements, binder optimizations discussed terms of their roles reducing high-rate degradation. Furthermore, addressed; adjustments can reduce electrochemical stress on LIBs, decreasing capacity fade while providing rapid charging. highlights technological advancements that enabling ultrafast assisting us overcoming severe limitations, paving way development next... Read More

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Abstract The multistage constant current (MCC) charging protocol for lithiumion batteries is commonly used to balance lithium plating and time. Traditional methods depend on a predefined map without considering the feedback of subsequent selfregulation rate. To tackle this problem, an adaptive MCC method proposed, which based expansion force detect plating. By integrating experiments with simulations, results indicate that when occurs, experiences abnormal, accelerated increase. If rate reduced until ceases, decreases. Correspondingly, three thresholds, V1, V2, V3, in derivative (dF/dSOC), are identified. Utilizing these can be selfregulated. demonstrate speed increased by 50% causing irreversible proposed holds great promise integration into intelligent battery management systems, thereby enhancing performance fast charging.

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A charging system for batteries in electric vehicles that improves charging efficiency, reduces damage to the battery, and enables faster charging. The system shapes the charge signal sent to the battery based on harmonic analysis of the current flow. The shaping circuit alters the charge signal frequency and waveform to charge the battery with lower impedance and better efficiency. This reduces heat, improves longevity, and allows higher charge rates compared to conventional pulsed charging.

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Lithium-ion battery design with improved anode structures that prevent failure modes like volume expansion, dendrite growth, and shorting. The anode uses thin layers like porous silicon, semiconductor nucleation layers, and metal coatings. These layers enable lithium plating with uniform thickness and inhibit dendrite formation. The thin anodes also allow fast charging and high energy density. The thin anode structures are made by techniques like mechanical thinning, epitaxial growth, and layer release.

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As the demand for sustainable transportation continues to rise, fast charging systems have become a cornerstone in widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). This paper examines technological evolution EV charging, from early Level 1 and 2 AC current generation high-power DC chargers. It explores how advancements speed, connector standardization, battery integration, supporting infrastructure collectively mitigated major barriers adoption, including range anxiety extended durations. The study also investigates impact on health user experience, shedding light engineering trade-offs system-level challenges. By synthesizing insights progress, behavior, scalability, this research emphasizes critical role accelerating transition mobility.

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Nanostructured materials for improved lithium-ion battery anodes. The materials are carbon-comprising, silicon-based nanostructures like nanowires, nanoparticles, or nanostructures on a carbon substrate. These nanostructures have desirable properties like high capacity, fast charging, and cycling stability compared to bulk silicon. They can be added to battery slurries at low weight percentages to replace some graphite. The nanostructures can also have carbon coatings to further enhance performance. The nanostructures are suitable for high aspect ratio silicon nanowires with diameters below 500 nm and lengths below 50 microns.

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Lithium-ion battery electrodes that improve charging characteristics, especially at low temperatures, by suppressing lithium plating and capacity fade during fast charging. The electrodes have patterned channels through the thickness to promote internal ion transport. A conformal coating on the surface prevents natural SEI formation during initial charging. This artificial SEI has lower impedance than the natural SEI, reducing polarization and plating. It also allows fast charging without Li nucleation. The coated patterned electrodes enable high capacity retention at low temperatures and high charge rates, improving fast charging performance of lithium-ion batteries.

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Direct current (DC) fast charger (DCFC) controller that optimizes battery charging efficiency by selecting the most energy-efficient charge cycle within a specified maximum charge time. When an increased efficiency charge mode is enabled, the controller determines the lowest energy required to charge the battery to the desired state of charge within the maximum time. It then uses that charge cycle to charge the battery rather than the normal high current charge. This reduces total energy consumption and waste during charging, especially for longer charge times.

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Controller for power converters in electric vehicles that can quickly raise the temperature of the battery pack for charging at cold temperatures. The controller generates a controlled ripple current flowing between the battery and capacitor through the inverter. The ripple frequency is determined based on estimated battery current characteristics. This optimizes the ripple current magnitude to enhance battery temperature rise capability. The controller uses the motor, inverter, and capacitor components of the power converter instead of adding external circuits.

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Making LED arrays without using printed circuit boards (PCBs) or ceramic circuit boards (CCBs) to reduce cost and complexity. The method involves attaching LEDs directly to a temporary substrate, forming metal layers and insulation to create the circuitry, then separating the LEDs with the internal connections. This allows making LED arrays without PCBs or CCBs and directly connecting the LED electrodes internally.

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Grid capacity constraints present a prominent challenge in the construction of ultra-fast charging (UFC) stations. Active load management (ALM) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are currently two primary countermeasures to address this issue. ALM allows UFC stations install larger-capacity transformers by utilizing valley margins meet peak demand during grid periods, while BESSs rely more on batteries solve gap between transformer This paper proposes four-quadrant classification method defines four types schemes for constraints: (1) with minimal BESS (ALM-Smin), (2) maximal (ALM-Smax), (3) passive (PLM) (PLM-Smin), (4) PLM (PLM-Smax). A generalized comparison framework is established as follows: First, daily profiles simulated based preset vehicle predefined charger specifications. Next, capacity, operational calculated each scheme. Finally, comprehensive economic evaluation performed using levelized cost electricity (LCOE) internal rate return (IRR). case study typical public station Tianjin, China, validates effectiveness proposed framework. sensitivity analysis explored h... Read More

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The increasing adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has highlighted the need for efficient and safe charging systems. One major challenges in EV infrastructure is preventing overcharging, which leads to battery degradation, reduced lifespan, potential safety hazards. Therefore, this paper presents a Quick Response (QR)-based bulk system integrated with overcharge protection prevention mechanisms. A solar panel, an ATmega 328 microcontroller, Node MCU, battery, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), IoT device are some components work. proposed utilizes QR code technology easy identification access control stations, enabling seamless user interaction. data gathered by sent users using IoT, it monitored BLYNK app. uploaded app cloud database via MCU module embedded inside microcontroller. It also integrates advanced based algorithms real-time monitoring protect against ensuring that EV's charged efficiently, safely, within its optimal capacity. This prevents incorporates smart algorithm monitors battery's state real-time.

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<title>Abstract</title> To meet the rising demand for electric vehicles (EVs), effective and dependable fast-charging reservation systems are required. Conventional charging frequently lack coordination between user preferences, real-time station status, environmental factors, leading to poor experiences ineffectiveness. Existing methods EV fail account dynamic real-world conditions such as changing traffic patterns, uptime, IoT sensor inputs, resulting in suboptimal allocation failed reservations. This study fills a gap by proposing an IoT-Coordinated Fast Charging Reservation Approach (IoT-CFCRA), which uses data predict success suggest best stations under different conditions. The IoT-CFCRA IoT-Enhanced Dataset, contains attributes, vehicle data, IoT-enhanced like type, battery level, distance station, traffic. Data preprocessing entails normalization, encoding, feature selection find important features. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) model is trained through hyperparameter tuning 80 20 splitting. algorithm also includes scoring method that considers distance, conditions, memb... Read More

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Enabling efficient and convenient battery swapping for electric vehicles to enable longer range and faster charging compared to battery charging. The method involves using vehicles themselves to transfer batteries between each other in a peer-to-peer fashion. When a vehicle's battery needs charging, it finds another nearby vehicle with a fully charged battery using onboard sensors and communication. The vehicles then physically connect and swap batteries. This allows a vehicle to quickly obtain a fully charged battery instead of waiting for its own battery to charge. The swapped battery can then be returned to the original vehicle for future use. This peer-to-peer battery swapping leverages the mobility of vehicles themselves to facilitate rapid and convenient battery swapping.

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Charging system for batteries that optimizes charging efficiency by dynamically controlling temperature during charging operations. The system monitors the external power source's output and compares it with the previous output value during charging. When the current output value exceeds the previous one, the system adjusts the battery temperature target based on the current output value. This approach prevents the repetitive stopping and restarting of charging operations that can occur when the target temperature is updated too frequently. The system maintains the target temperature at a previously set value when the output value does not exceed the previous one, ensuring consistent charging conditions.

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System and control methodology for heating and charging battery packs using AC power, enabling rapid and efficient thermal management. The system integrates AC power delivery with a temperature-controlled heating circuit, where the heating element is controlled by a temperature sensor. The charging circuit includes rectifier switches, a transformer, and a series switch. During charging, the charging circuit injects AC current into the battery through the series switch, while the heating circuit injects DC current through a transformer and series switch. This synchronized operation ensures uniform heat distribution across the battery pack.

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A charging system and charger for lithium-ion batteries that optimizes charging duration while preventing over-discharging. The system employs real-time monitoring of battery state parameters including lithium precipitation levels, internal resistance, and temperature to dynamically adjust charging rates. This enables precise control over charging conditions to prevent over-discharging while maintaining optimal charging performance. The charger incorporates an integrated monitoring system that continuously tracks battery health indicators, enabling early detection of potential issues before charging begins.

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Self-supported, porous, 3D, flexible host anode with lithiophilic constituents for lithium-metal secondary batteries that enables fast charging, high cycling stability, and high energy density. The anode has a porosity of at least 70%, thickness between 10-100 μm, and fibers with diameters of 200 nm-40 μm. It contains a primary lithiophilic constituent with dendritic morphology, along with small amounts of additional lithiophilic materials. The open porosity allows rapid lithium intercalation/deintercalation, preventing dendrite formation and mossy lithium. The fibrous structure enables fast diffusion of lithium ions and reduces polarization. The self-supported design eliminates the need for a current collector fo

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An anode material for lithium-ion batteries that combines enhanced lithium ion intercalation sites with superior electrochemical performance. The material achieves improved charge/discharge characteristics through optimized pore structure and surface properties. The material's pore volume, specific surface area, and oil absorption value are precisely controlled within a specific range, ensuring sufficient reaction sites and electrochemical pathways for efficient lithium ion intercalation. This enables enhanced rate performance compared to conventional anode materials, while maintaining stable cycling characteristics.

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Electrode for batteries that enhances rate performance through optimized electrode architecture. The electrode comprises a lower layer with reduced binder content, where graphite particles are oriented in the surface direction, and a higher layer with enhanced binder content. The lower layer achieves sufficient ion diffusion through its smaller particle size and lower binder content, while the higher layer utilizes its higher binder content to maintain orientation and enhance ion transport. The optimized architecture minimizes particle breakage during press formation, maintaining a consistent reaction area and maintaining orientation.

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