Techniques for Faster Charging of EV Batteries

Rechargeable battery cells with parameters designed to achieve extreme fast charging and extreme energy density properties. The cells have anodes with high areal capacity coatings like Si-C composites, cathodes with lower areal capacity, separators with high porosity, and electrolytes capable of fast Li-ion transport. This configuration allows rapid charging (>70% in 10 mins) without compromising performance or lifespan. The optimized anode-cathode balance, separator properties, and electrolyte characteristics enable sequential charging/discharging with high capacity loading in minutes.

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Controller for DC fast charging power conversion units like those found in electric vehicle charging stations. The controller improves the performance of the DC-DC converter in a charging station by generating control signals based on the input voltage and output voltage of the converter. This allows the converter to better adapt to varying load and battery conditions compared to just using input voltage alone.

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Thermal management system for electric vehicles that enables efficient cooling of the battery pack during fast charging to prevent overheating. The system uses a compressor, external heat exchanger, throttle valve group, and two heat exchange plates. It operates in a battery cooling mode where a throttled, depressurized refrigerant flows through one or both heat exchange plates to cool the battery pack. This ensures the battery module can dissipate heat generated during charging in a timely manner. It also integrates the throttle valve group on a valve seat to save space. The system can further switch between cooling modes using a valve to optimize cooling performance.

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Liquid cooled charging cable for electric vehicles that enables higher charging currents without excessive heat buildup. The cable has multiple coolant supply tubes surrounding the conductors, a return tube, and a jacket. The coolant circulates through the tubes to cool the conductors and handle. This reduces thermal resistance and allows higher current densities compared to air cooled cables. The liquid cooling also helps prevent excessive temperatures on the charging handle.

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Optimizing battery charging of electric vehicles by preconditioning the battery during the journey to a rapid charging station. The battery temperature is controlled from the start of the journey to reach a specific temperature at the charging station. This involves heating the battery during the trip using techniques like trimming the motor efficiency or battery heating systems. By estimating power loss and environmental factors, it predicts the battery temperature without preconditioning. This allows determining if preconditioning is necessary.

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Secondary battery with improved fast charging and cycle life by using a double coating structure on the negative electrode plate. The negative electrode has an outer coating with graphite and a silicon-containing inner coating. The outer coating includes graphite only, while the inner coating has artificial graphite and silicon. The silicon content in the inner coating (W2) is greater than or equal to the silicon content in the outer coating (W1). This double coating structure allows better electrolyte infiltration and backflow, reducing ion precipitation and improving fast charging and cycle performance.

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Vehicle thermal management system for electric vehicles that provides efficient cooling, heating, and battery temperature control. The system uses separate refrigerant and coolant loops to cool the cabin, components, battery, and charge rapidly. It integrates refrigerant components like compressor, condenser, and chiller with a coolant loop through the cabin, radiator, battery, and components. A valve allows selective coolant flow through the chiller and battery. This allows simultaneous cabin and battery cooling, separate battery cooling, and battery heat absorption modes. The refrigerant loop only absorbs heat from air and components. The coolant loop provides independent cooling, heating, and dehumidification. It also enables battery rapid charging without refrigerant. The system reduces compressor power, complexity, and cost compared to direct heat pump systems.

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Adaptive power management for charging systems to mitigate overheating and improve battery life during fast charging. The charging system adjusts input and output power based on device temperature. If the temperature exceeds a threshold, it decreases input/output power when temperature rises and increases when temperature drops. This helps prevent overheating during fast charging.

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High efficiency charging system for batteries using a dual converter architecture. The system has two switching power converters, an inductive and a capacitive one, connected in series. The converters operate in different modes based on the input DC power to optimize efficiency and performance. The inductive converter regulates the DC power or bypasses it directly. The capacitive converter regulates the charging power or bypasses it. The converters are selectively controlled based on DC voltage to balance efficiency and power capacity. This allows efficient charging at low input voltages, high charging currents, and maximum efficiency points.

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Rapidly charging electric vehicles by sharing power between charging stations when one station is idle. The system allows multiple charging stations in a network to share power with each other to charge vehicles faster. When a vehicle requests charging, the system checks the occupancy of nearby stations. If a neighboring station is idle, power is shared with that station to provide additional charging capacity. This allows charging stations to pool their power resources to rapidly charge vehicles even if their individual capacity is less than the vehicle's maximum.

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Nowadays, when battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs) travel along motorways, their drivers decide where to recharge cars batteries with no or scarce information on the occupancy status of next charging stations. While this may still be acceptable in most countries, due limited number EVs long queues build-up coming years increased mobility, unless smart allocation strategies are designed and implemented. For instance, as we shall investigate manuscript, a centralised coordination individual has potential significantly reduce queuing time at In particular, paper explain how problem motorways can modelled an optimisation problem, propose some based dynamic solve it, implemented practice using charge manager that exchanges solves problems. Finally, compare realistic scenario current decentralised recharging one, show that, under simplifying assumptions, queueing times reduced by more than 50%. Such significant reduction allows one greatly improve vehicular flows general journey durations without requiring building new infrastructure. Reducing positive impact traffic congestion emis... Read More

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This paper incorporates a PV module, boost converter, bidirectional an Incremental Conductance (INC) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm and Proportional-Integral (PI) controller for optimal energy management in Electric vehicle operation. The analysis evaluates efficiency, dynamic response power under varying irradiance conditions. simulation results reveal that the module attains peak efficiency (99.35% 99.9%), ensuring effective conversion while SRM drive, supported by PI controller, maintains stable precise converter facilitates seamless battery charging discharging, enhancing utilization supporting regenerative braking. Battery performance shows voltage with adaptive current adjustments though State of Charge declines reduced output reflecting load compensation. research underscores systems consistency, optimum cost aptness sustainable EV utilizations, representing robust motor control attainment. study highlights potential motor-based PV-powered EVs effectual ecological transportation solutions.

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A battery design with a unique electrolyte composition to improve charging rates, energy efficiency, power density, cyclability, and cost compared to traditional batteries. The battery uses a nitrile-containing solvent, an oxidizing gas, and a metal halide as the active cathode material. The nitrile solvent stabilizes the electrolyte and prevents electrolyte decomposition. The oxidizing gas provides oxygen for cathode reactions. The metal halide functions as the cathode material. This electrolyte formulation enables fast charging, high efficiency, high power density, and good cyclability.

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Battery cell design with improved charging speed while balancing life by optimizing gas containment, electrolyte conductivity, and ventilation. The battery cell has a casing with a breathable component that discharges gas when pressure reaches a threshold. The cell also has an electrolyte with specific conductivity and remaining volume ratio to balance charging capability and gas containment. This allows fast charging without excessive gas generation while preventing premature capacity fade.

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Establishing a quick charging protocol for lithium-ion batteries without needing a three-electrode cell. The method involves determining the charging limit for each current rate by analyzing internal resistance profiles. The procedure is: (a) charge a two-electrode battery cell at multiple currents to get open circuit voltages vs. SOC, (b) charge at higher currents vs. SOC, (c) map charging limits based on lowest internal resistance vs. SOC. This method reflects resistance and heating of large capacity cells vs. current vs. SOC.

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Abstract: With the rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) worldwide, demand for efficient and accessible charging infrastructure has become increasingly significant. Electric Vehicle Charging Station Sites (EVCSS) play a crucial role in supporting widespread deployment usability EVs. This introduction abstract provides concise overview key aspects considerations surrounding establishment EVCSS. The begins by highlighting exponential growth vehicle market consequent need reliable network. It explores various types stations, including slow charging, fast ultra-fast each catering to different requirements time constraints. Moreover, delves into importance strategically locating stations maximize convenience EV owners, such as near residential areas, commercial centers, major transportation hubs. Furthermore, addresses critical elements that contribute an effective EVCSS design. emphasizes significance scalability accommodate projected increase adoption, ensuring availability all users. integration renewable energy sources, solar panels or wind turbines, is also highlighted sustainabl... Read More

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Decarbonizing mobility and integrating more renewable sources in electricity production are necessary levers to meet the climate targets. Coupling electric vehicle (EV) charging with photovoltaic (PV) generation could help provide clean for EVs flexibility storage PV installations. The batteries of vehicles can then be discharged into grid support supply during periods high demand. This study uses a GIS-based methodology analyse needs European population estimates an electrified fleet. Charging scenarios applied distribute between home, work, point interest quantify demand both space by hectare time hour. load curves compared typical estimate amount that stored locally EVs. Considering two (comfort flexible charging) spatio-temporal was three cities varying solar irradiance patterns: Aalborg (Denmark), Bern (Switzerland), Palermo (Italy). Results show 10% building footprint covered cover from 53% (in Alborg) 61% Bern) need over year. together reduce CO2 emission related private cars 17 28% 2035 current fuel-based

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Electrochemical devices with high energy density and fast charging capability by using alloys with both solid and liquid phases at normal temperatures. The alloy electrode can have mechanical softness to prevent dendrite growth while allowing high current density. The solid phase contains a first alkali metal like lithium and the liquid phase contains a different second alkali metal like sodium or potassium. This allows the alloy to have a solid phase for structure and a liquid phase for ion transfer.

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Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is an innovative and promising solution for charging Electric Vehicles (EVs) without physical connections. This review explores the advancements, challenges, methodologies associated with WPT technology, including its stationary dynamic capabilities. The paper examines key components such as inductive systems, compensation topologies, coil configurations, design considerations efficient power transfer. Emphasis placed on addressing challenges like misalignment tolerance, air gap efficiency, high-frequency operations. Emerging technologies, hybrid topologies infrastructures, are also discussed their potential to reduce battery size, improve environmental sustainability, increase EV adoption. Despite current limitations in cost ongoing research development aim optimize making them a viable alternative traditional plug-in methods.

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Ultrafast-charging (UFC) technology for electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage devices has brought with it an increase in demand lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, although they pose advantages driving range charging time, LIBs face several challenges such as mechanical degradation, lithium dendrite formation, electrolyte decomposition, concerns about thermal runaway safety. This review evaluates the key advances LIB components (anodes, cathodes, electrolytes, separators, binders), alongside innovations protocols safety concerns. Material-level solutions nanostructuring, doping, composite architectures are investigated to improve ion diffusion, conductivity, electrode stability. Electrolyte modifications, separator enhancements, binder optimizations discussed terms of their roles reducing high-rate degradation. Furthermore, addressed; adjustments can reduce electrochemical stress on LIBs, decreasing capacity fade while providing rapid charging. highlights technological advancements that enabling ultrafast assisting us overcoming severe limitations, paving way development next... Read More

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Abstract The multistage constant current (MCC) charging protocol for lithiumion batteries is commonly used to balance lithium plating and time. Traditional methods depend on a predefined map without considering the feedback of subsequent selfregulation rate. To tackle this problem, an adaptive MCC method proposed, which based expansion force detect plating. By integrating experiments with simulations, results indicate that when occurs, experiences abnormal, accelerated increase. If rate reduced until ceases, decreases. Correspondingly, three thresholds, V1, V2, V3, in derivative (dF/dSOC), are identified. Utilizing these can be selfregulated. demonstrate speed increased by 50% causing irreversible proposed holds great promise integration into intelligent battery management systems, thereby enhancing performance fast charging.

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A charging system for batteries in electric vehicles that improves charging efficiency, reduces damage to the battery, and enables faster charging. The system shapes the charge signal sent to the battery based on harmonic analysis of the current flow. The shaping circuit alters the charge signal frequency and waveform to charge the battery with lower impedance and better efficiency. This reduces heat, improves longevity, and allows higher charge rates compared to conventional pulsed charging.

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Lithium-ion battery design with improved anode structures that prevent failure modes like volume expansion, dendrite growth, and shorting. The anode uses thin layers like porous silicon, semiconductor nucleation layers, and metal coatings. These layers enable lithium plating with uniform thickness and inhibit dendrite formation. The thin anodes also allow fast charging and high energy density. The thin anode structures are made by techniques like mechanical thinning, epitaxial growth, and layer release.

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As the demand for sustainable transportation continues to rise, fast charging systems have become a cornerstone in widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). This paper examines technological evolution EV charging, from early Level 1 and 2 AC current generation high-power DC chargers. It explores how advancements speed, connector standardization, battery integration, supporting infrastructure collectively mitigated major barriers adoption, including range anxiety extended durations. The study also investigates impact on health user experience, shedding light engineering trade-offs system-level challenges. By synthesizing insights progress, behavior, scalability, this research emphasizes critical role accelerating transition mobility.

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Nanostructured materials for improved lithium-ion battery anodes. The materials are carbon-comprising, silicon-based nanostructures like nanowires, nanoparticles, or nanostructures on a carbon substrate. These nanostructures have desirable properties like high capacity, fast charging, and cycling stability compared to bulk silicon. They can be added to battery slurries at low weight percentages to replace some graphite. The nanostructures can also have carbon coatings to further enhance performance. The nanostructures are suitable for high aspect ratio silicon nanowires with diameters below 500 nm and lengths below 50 microns.

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Lithium-ion battery electrodes that improve charging characteristics, especially at low temperatures, by suppressing lithium plating and capacity fade during fast charging. The electrodes have patterned channels through the thickness to promote internal ion transport. A conformal coating on the surface prevents natural SEI formation during initial charging. This artificial SEI has lower impedance than the natural SEI, reducing polarization and plating. It also allows fast charging without Li nucleation. The coated patterned electrodes enable high capacity retention at low temperatures and high charge rates, improving fast charging performance of lithium-ion batteries.

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Direct current (DC) fast charger (DCFC) controller that optimizes battery charging efficiency by selecting the most energy-efficient charge cycle within a specified maximum charge time. When an increased efficiency charge mode is enabled, the controller determines the lowest energy required to charge the battery to the desired state of charge within the maximum time. It then uses that charge cycle to charge the battery rather than the normal high current charge. This reduces total energy consumption and waste during charging, especially for longer charge times.

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Controller for power converters in electric vehicles that can quickly raise the temperature of the battery pack for charging at cold temperatures. The controller generates a controlled ripple current flowing between the battery and capacitor through the inverter. The ripple frequency is determined based on estimated battery current characteristics. This optimizes the ripple current magnitude to enhance battery temperature rise capability. The controller uses the motor, inverter, and capacitor components of the power converter instead of adding external circuits.

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Grid capacity constraints present a prominent challenge in the construction of ultra-fast charging (UFC) stations. Active load management (ALM) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are currently two primary countermeasures to address this issue. ALM allows UFC stations install larger-capacity transformers by utilizing valley margins meet peak demand during grid periods, while BESSs rely more on batteries solve gap between transformer This paper proposes four-quadrant classification method defines four types schemes for constraints: (1) with minimal BESS (ALM-Smin), (2) maximal (ALM-Smax), (3) passive (PLM) (PLM-Smin), (4) PLM (PLM-Smax). A generalized comparison framework is established as follows: First, daily profiles simulated based preset vehicle predefined charger specifications. Next, capacity, operational calculated each scheme. Finally, comprehensive economic evaluation performed using levelized cost electricity (LCOE) internal rate return (IRR). case study typical public station Tianjin, China, validates effectiveness proposed framework. sensitivity analysis explored h... Read More

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The increasing adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has highlighted the need for efficient and safe charging systems. One major challenges in EV infrastructure is preventing overcharging, which leads to battery degradation, reduced lifespan, potential safety hazards. Therefore, this paper presents a Quick Response (QR)-based bulk system integrated with overcharge protection prevention mechanisms. A solar panel, an ATmega 328 microcontroller, Node MCU, battery, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), IoT device are some components work. proposed utilizes QR code technology easy identification access control stations, enabling seamless user interaction. data gathered by sent users using IoT, it monitored BLYNK app. uploaded app cloud database via MCU module embedded inside microcontroller. It also integrates advanced based algorithms real-time monitoring protect against ensuring that EV's charged efficiently, safely, within its optimal capacity. This prevents incorporates smart algorithm monitors battery's state real-time.

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<title>Abstract</title> To meet the rising demand for electric vehicles (EVs), effective and dependable fast-charging reservation systems are required. Conventional charging frequently lack coordination between user preferences, real-time station status, environmental factors, leading to poor experiences ineffectiveness. Existing methods EV fail account dynamic real-world conditions such as changing traffic patterns, uptime, IoT sensor inputs, resulting in suboptimal allocation failed reservations. This study fills a gap by proposing an IoT-Coordinated Fast Charging Reservation Approach (IoT-CFCRA), which uses data predict success suggest best stations under different conditions. The IoT-CFCRA IoT-Enhanced Dataset, contains attributes, vehicle data, IoT-enhanced like type, battery level, distance station, traffic. Data preprocessing entails normalization, encoding, feature selection find important features. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) model is trained through hyperparameter tuning 80 20 splitting. algorithm also includes scoring method that considers distance, conditions, memb... Read More

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Enabling efficient and convenient battery swapping for electric vehicles to enable longer range and faster charging compared to battery charging. The method involves using vehicles themselves to transfer batteries between each other in a peer-to-peer fashion. When a vehicle's battery needs charging, it finds another nearby vehicle with a fully charged battery using onboard sensors and communication. The vehicles then physically connect and swap batteries. This allows a vehicle to quickly obtain a fully charged battery instead of waiting for its own battery to charge. The swapped battery can then be returned to the original vehicle for future use. This peer-to-peer battery swapping leverages the mobility of vehicles themselves to facilitate rapid and convenient battery swapping.

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Charging system for batteries that optimizes charging efficiency by dynamically controlling temperature during charging operations. The system monitors the external power source's output and compares it with the previous output value during charging. When the current output value exceeds the previous one, the system adjusts the battery temperature target based on the current output value. This approach prevents the repetitive stopping and restarting of charging operations that can occur when the target temperature is updated too frequently. The system maintains the target temperature at a previously set value when the output value does not exceed the previous one, ensuring consistent charging conditions.

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System and control methodology for heating and charging battery packs using AC power, enabling rapid and efficient thermal management. The system integrates AC power delivery with a temperature-controlled heating circuit, where the heating element is controlled by a temperature sensor. The charging circuit includes rectifier switches, a transformer, and a series switch. During charging, the charging circuit injects AC current into the battery through the series switch, while the heating circuit injects DC current through a transformer and series switch. This synchronized operation ensures uniform heat distribution across the battery pack.

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A charging system and charger for lithium-ion batteries that optimizes charging duration while preventing over-discharging. The system employs real-time monitoring of battery state parameters including lithium precipitation levels, internal resistance, and temperature to dynamically adjust charging rates. This enables precise control over charging conditions to prevent over-discharging while maintaining optimal charging performance. The charger incorporates an integrated monitoring system that continuously tracks battery health indicators, enabling early detection of potential issues before charging begins.

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Self-supported, porous, 3D, flexible host anode with lithiophilic constituents for lithium-metal secondary batteries that enables fast charging, high cycling stability, and high energy density. The anode has a porosity of at least 70%, thickness between 10-100 μm, and fibers with diameters of 200 nm-40 μm. It contains a primary lithiophilic constituent with dendritic morphology, along with small amounts of additional lithiophilic materials. The open porosity allows rapid lithium intercalation/deintercalation, preventing dendrite formation and mossy lithium. The fibrous structure enables fast diffusion of lithium ions and reduces polarization. The self-supported design eliminates the need for a current collector fo

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An anode material for lithium-ion batteries that combines enhanced lithium ion intercalation sites with superior electrochemical performance. The material achieves improved charge/discharge characteristics through optimized pore structure and surface properties. The material's pore volume, specific surface area, and oil absorption value are precisely controlled within a specific range, ensuring sufficient reaction sites and electrochemical pathways for efficient lithium ion intercalation. This enables enhanced rate performance compared to conventional anode materials, while maintaining stable cycling characteristics.

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Electrode for batteries that enhances rate performance through optimized electrode architecture. The electrode comprises a lower layer with reduced binder content, where graphite particles are oriented in the surface direction, and a higher layer with enhanced binder content. The lower layer achieves sufficient ion diffusion through its smaller particle size and lower binder content, while the higher layer utilizes its higher binder content to maintain orientation and enhance ion transport. The optimized architecture minimizes particle breakage during press formation, maintaining a consistent reaction area and maintaining orientation.

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Electric vehicle onboard charger system that prevents voltage and current fluctuations during high power demand. The charger uses H-bridge circuits and resonant circuits to stabilize voltage and current. It has two H-bridges connected by a transformer. Each H-bridge has four switches. One H-bridge connects to the battery and converts DC to higher voltage. The other H-bridge connects to the input AC or output DC. Resonant circuits between the midpoints of the H-bridges help stabilize voltage and current. This prevents brownouts and instability during high power demand.

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Water-dispersible, self-conductive electrode matrices for Li-ion batteries made by synthesizing conducting polymer composites in situ with polyanionic binders. The composites are composed of electrically conductive polymers like polypyrrole (PPy) and polyanionic binders like carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) dispersed in water. These composites replace traditional carbon additives and binders in battery electrodes. The PPy:CMC composites provide electrical conductivity, adhesion, and charge storage. The composites enable carbon-free cathodes to cycle at high rates without added carbon. The composites can also activate during charging to further increase conductivity.

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A charging system for electric vehicles with higher voltage traction batteries, enabling efficient charging through a novel configuration. The system comprises a battery pack with two series-connected groups of battery cells, a high-voltage terminal directly connected to the first group, a low-voltage terminal connected to the second group, and an inverter coupled to both the battery pack and the electric machine. This configuration allows the high-voltage terminal to be directly connected to the battery pack, while the low-voltage terminal is connected to the electric machine. The inverter handles the power flow between these terminals, enabling efficient charging of the higher voltage battery pack through the lower voltage system.

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Tabless secondary battery design to reduce internal resistance and enable fast charging without localized current concentration. The battery has an electrode wound body with tapes covering the side surfaces. One tape covers the side near the positive end, another covers the side near the negative end, and a third tape covers the middle section. The tape elongation percentages are chosen such that the middle section tape can accommodate expansion without high stress concentrations. This prevents current density variations due to electrode expansion/contraction during charging/discharging.

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Switching circuit design for DC fast chargers used to charge electric vehicle batteries. The circuit uses MOSFET switches arranged in a matrix converter configuration. The MOSFETs have body diodes that allow bidirectional current flow when the MOSFET is on. However, when the MOSFET is off, the body diodes block current in both directions to prevent reverse current through the adjacent MOSFETs. This allows bidirectional current flow through the matrix converter while preventing reverse current between adjacent MOSFETs when they are turned off.

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Battery design for solid-state batteries with improved charging speed and stability. The design involves using a specific pattern of domed notches on the cathode and anode plates, with corresponding protrusions in the solid electrolyte that fit into the notches. This creates a 3D interconnected structure between the electrodes and electrolyte that reduces Li ion diffusion pathlengths compared to flat interfaces. It allows faster charging without issues like Li plating due to more uniform current density distribution and mechanical stability of the interconnected structure.

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Negative electrode active material for rechargeable lithium batteries that enhances rapid charging capabilities. The material comprises a carbon-based core with vanadium oxide on its surface and a fluorine-containing carbon layer on its surface. This composition enables efficient lithium-ion intercalation during high-rate charging while maintaining the negative electrode's stability and safety.

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A solid electrolyte for all solid-state batteries that improves cycle life and fast charging performance. The electrolyte contains a combination of argyrodite-type compound, sulfur compound, and iodine compound. This electrolyte composition reduces lithium plating during charging and suppresses electrode swelling and cracking during cycling compared to using just argyrodite. The all solid-state battery using this electrolyte has improved cycle life and fast charge capability.

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Multi-voltage storage system for electric vehicles that enables high charging voltages like 800V while still supporting 400V loads. The system has multiple identical energy storage modules connected in series for charging at high voltage, and a switching unit to connect/disconnect the modules in parallel for driving at low voltage. This allows using 400V modules for loads and charging at 400V, while connecting the modules in series for 800V charging. A control unit coordinates the switching between configurations. This provides flexibility to handle both 400V and 800V without needing dedicated 800V modules.

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Workload-dependent load-sharing mechanism for multi-battery systems that balances battery aging, maximizes power delivery, and optimizes charging sequences. The mechanism uses switches and logic to dynamically connect the batteries in parallel, series, or individually based on factors like state of charge, load demand, and battery type. This allows balancing charge cycles, providing turbo power when needed, and optimizing charging sequences for hybrid batteries with fast charging and high energy density.

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Lithium-ion battery with improved energy and power densities by using porous metal foams as anodes coated with active materials. The method involves fabricating porous metal foams with specific pore sizes and using them as current collectors for the anode. An active material is then coated on the foam surface to react with lithium ions during charging. The porous foam structure allows volume expansion during charging without cracking or pulverization. The coating provides a robust and uniform active layer. This improves capacity, reduces expansion, and enables high-rate cycling compared to conventional graphite anodes.

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Electric vehicle (EV) charging system that provides rapid, efficient, and secure charging while collecting data during charging. The charging system uses a moveable arm with a charging plate that directly contacts the EV's charging plate to deliver high voltage pulses with safety testing between pulses. This allows faster charging compared to conventional charging methods. It also supports authentication and compatibility verification to prevent damage. The charging system can be combined with fault managed power (FMP) to provide safe and controlled charging even during faults. The EV's contact plate receives the pulsed power, verifies compatibility, and charges the batteries while transmitting data back to the charging station.

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