EV Battery Electrode Materials for Enhanced Safety

Positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries that addresses the problem of transition metal elution from lithium-rich layered oxides. The material is a core-shell structure with a concentration gradient of transition metals from the core to shell. The shell region has higher concentrations of transition metals less prone to elution. This reduces transition metal elution from the core. A barrier layer on the shell further suppresses transition metal elution. The core-shell structure and barrier layer prevent transition metal contamination of the battery cathode. The lithium-rich layered oxide has a unique composition with coexisting phases from the C2/m and R3-m space groups.

Source

A positive electrode composite material for lithium ion secondary batteries that improves cycle life and safety by reducing expansion forces during charge/discharge cycling. The positive electrode contains a conventional active material along with specific positive electrode additives selected from sodium/potassium oxides, sulfides, peroxides, azides, and carbon oxides. These additives open up the negative electrode during charge/discharge to reduce particle rearrangement and expansion.

Source

Cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved cycling stability and safety, especially in solid-state batteries. The cathode has a coating layer on the lithium nickel oxide that contains solid electrolyte and lithium-containing ether oligomers. The ether oligomers form chemical bonds with the lithium nickel oxide and electrolyte, providing flexible and integral coating with enhanced stability compared to traditional coatings. The coating improves cycle life, reduces interface impedance, and mitigates safety issues like electrolyte decomposition at high nickel states.

Source

Battery electrode material with improved charge/discharge efficiency and capacity for lithium-ion batteries. The electrode contains two active materials, one with Li, Ti, and O, and the other with Mo and O. This combination reduces expansion/contraction during charging/discharging compared to using just one active material. It improves safety and capacity while maintaining efficiency. The electrode can also have a solid electrolyte containing Li, M, and X (M=metal or metalloid, X=F, Cl, Br, I) to further enhance output characteristics.

Source

Lithium-ion battery electrode design with improved thermal stability and volumetric energy density for high-nickel cathodes. The electrode contains a composite layer with three components: the active material, a high dielectric oxide solid, and electrolyte. The volume ratio of electrolyte to high dielectric solid is 99:1 to 76:24. This configuration allows the electrolyte to fill gaps between active material particles along with the solid, improving ionic conductivity and preventing dry-out. The high dielectric solid also provides stability benefits.

Source

Lithium-ion battery design that provides improved safety, cycling performance, and storage stability over conventional lithium-ion batteries. The design uses specific electrode materials and current collectors to overcome issues like overdischarge, capacity fade, and parasitic reactions. The negative electrode uses an electrochemically active material coated on an aluminum current collector. The aluminum alloying potential prevents copper dissolution issues. The cathode uses a high-Ni polycrystalline material with non-uniform Co distribution. This reduces transition metal dissolution. The aluminum collector can also be used for the cathode. The cells can discharge to 0V, store for long periods, and cycle at low temperatures without decomposition. The aluminum collectors enable overdischarge without copper issues. The cells also have improved rate performance, cycle life, and tolerance to extreme mechanical misuse compared to conventional

Source

Lithium-ion battery with improved performance and lifetime by using a coated positive electrode material. The coating is made of a metal oxide like aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, or bismuth oxide. The coating is applied to the positive electrode active material, which is a nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary oxide. The coating layer prevents direct contact of the active material with the electrolyte, reducing ionic dissolution and migration. The coating also improves battery cycle life by inhibiting corrosion of the positive electrode. The coating thickness is 0.05-5% of the active material mass. The battery also contains a specific composition of lithium salt, organic solvent, and compound in the electrolyte to balance ionic conductivity and battery

Source

Binder-free, self-supporting electrodes for rechargeable batteries that can be easily regenerated and reused without disassembly. The electrodes have active materials like cryptomelane-type manganese dioxide (OMS-2) that form fibrous nanostructures without binders or current collectors. These self-supporting electrodes can be thermally regenerated by heating under air to restore capacity after cycling. The regenerated electrodes can then be put back in the battery or a new one. The lack of binders allows the active materials to be self-supporting and regenerated without disassembly.

Source

Lithium-ion battery with improved safety, dischargeability, and cycling performance compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. The battery uses lithium titanate (LTO) as the negative electrode material coated on an aluminum current collector instead of graphite or copper. This allows discharging to 0V without overdischarge protection. The aluminum collector provides a lower potential than copper or titanium, preventing issues like copper dissolution. The battery also uses a polycrystalline cathode with non-uniform Co distribution for better cycling. The aluminum collector, LTO negative, and polycrystalline cathode enable deep discharge, high capacity, and cycle life while avoiding overdischarge and decomposition issues of conventional lithium-ion batteries.

Source

Lithium battery anodes with reduced dendrite growth and improved cycling stability through using a porous matrix as a host for the lithium metal. The matrix provides a stable structure that reduces the volume change during cycling compared to pure lithium foil. The matrix also has high surface area for uniform lithium deposition. This prevents dendrites and improves cycling performance. The matrix can be made of materials like graphene, nanotubes, or mesoporous carbon. The lithium infuses into the matrix during preparation and during cycling. This provides a composite anode with reduced dimension change, dendrite suppression, stable electrode interface, and uniform lithium deposition.

Source

Lithium secondary battery with improved energy density, cycle life, and safety compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. The battery uses a high-nickel, single-crystal positive electrode material with a conductive additive to provide high capacity, stability, and safety. The electrolyte is a non-aqueous organic solvent mixture. This design allows increasing energy density without compromising safety by using a high-nickel positive electrode with single crystal structure and conductive additive. The non-aqueous electrolyte further enhances cycle life and prevents swelling.

Source

Electricity storage device, such as a rechargeable battery, with an electrode assembly configuration that reduces short circuit heat generation when the electrodes contact due to separator contraction during temperature changes. The electrode assembly has overlapping electrodes with sections free of active material at the ends. The separators have strong bonding sections near the free-end sections and weaker bonding sections near the active material sections. This allows the separators to contract and move apart at the active material sections to prevent shorting, while the strong sections at the free-end sections hold the electrodes together and prevent separation.

Source

Lithium ion battery cells with improved performance, safety, and longevity for electric vehicles. The battery cells have a core wrapped in a rectangular shell with gaskets to prevent contact between the core and end caps. This prevents short circuits. The core can have coiled electrode layers for high power density. The electrode materials are mixed crystal lithium iron phosphate with additional metal oxides for better cycling. The gaskets compress the core away from the caps to prevent internal hotspots. The rectangular shape reduces stress concentrations compared to cylindrical cells. The improved cell design prevents failures like internal shorts, hotspots, and thermal runaway.

Source

Lithium secondary battery with improved lifetime, overcharge, and penetration safety. The battery uses a cathode with a composite active material that has a metal concentration gradient between the center and surface. This gradient prevents metal migration during overcharge and prevents excessive heat generation if the battery is punctured. The cathode also contains a second active material with a single crystal structure. This provides stability and reduces heat generation during forced internal short circuits.

Source

High-capacity, high-safety, and fast charging lithium battery with improved performance through optimized materials and additives. The battery uses modified rich ternary cathode materials, nitrogen-doped carbon coated silicon anode, specific electrolyte additives, and a modified separator. The cathode uses lithium ion conductor coatings on ternary materials to enhance cycling and reduce capacity fade. The anode uses nitrogen-doped carbon coating on silicon to prevent expansion and capacity loss. The electrolyte has additives for SEI film formation, overcharge protection, flame retardancy, and temperature improvement. The separator is modified to prevent carbon migration. These materials and additives enhance battery life, safety, and charging rates.

Source

A mixed positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries that improves both output voltage and cycle life at high temperatures. The material is a composite of two types of positive electrode active materials with different particle sizes. The composite contains a large-grain material with 10 μm or greater average diameter and a small-grain material with 5 μm or less average diameter. The two materials are separately coated with different materials between lithium triborate (or lithium boran oxide) and metal oxide. This coating composition allows high voltage operation while maintaining stability at elevated temperatures.

Source

Carbon-coated electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries with improved performance and cycle life compared to uncoated materials. The carbon coating is applied using an electrochemical process. The carbon coating protects the active material particles during cycling, reducing capacity fade and improving cycle life. The coating is amorphous carbon with a D/G ratio of 2-3.5 as determined by Raman spectroscopy. The carbon coated particles can be used in lithium-ion battery electrodes, with potential benefits in applications like electric vehicles. The carbon coating also provides a buffer layer to reduce volume changes during cycling, further improving cycle life.

Source

High-capacity solid-state lithium-ion battery with improved energy density and safety compared to conventional liquid electrolyte batteries. The battery uses a novel organic-inorganic composite polymer electrolyte made by copolymerizing PVDF, TPU, PI, and LGPS. The composite electrolyte film has high ionic conductivity and prevents corrosion and decomposition issues of liquid electrolytes. The battery also uses a spherical porous silicon-based composite as the negative electrode material. This improves conductivity and reduces volume expansion compared to graphite. The composite electrolyte and negative electrode maximize energy density by leveraging high-capacity manganese-rich cathodes.

Source

A method to manufacture lithium battery positive electrode materials with a concentration gradient that improves stability and cycling life compared to conventional materials. The method involves coating the core particle with a barrier layer to prevent diffusion of transition metals during subsequent thermal treatment. This prevents degradation at high temperatures while still allowing a continuous concentration gradient between the core and outer shell layers. The barrier layer prevents sharp compositional boundaries and interfaces that can cause defects and instability.

Source

Composite electrode material for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries with reduced interface resistance, high energy density, safety, and chemical stability. The composite electrode contains a coated active material, electrolyte, filler, and conductive agent. The active material is coated with oxide nanoparticles to reduce lithium ion resistance. The coating contains electrolyte, filler, and conductive agent to further reduce resistance. This improves interface compatibility and reduces resistance compared to bare active materials. The composite electrode is used in all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries with solid electrolyte layers between positive and negative electrodes.

Source

Lithium cell with improved separator for lithium ion batteries that addresses issues like dendrite growth and electrolyte degradation. The separator is a gel containing fibers that are wettable by the electrolyte and have a high surface tension. The fibers prevent electrode shorting while allowing ion transfer. The wettable fibers reduce electrolyte degradation compared to non-wettable separators like polyethylene. The fibers also prevent dendrite growth as they provide a barrier against lithium metal deposition on the anode. The separator gel can also have a matrix with the electrolyte solution.

Source

All-solid-state lithium secondary battery without organic solvents that provides high capacity and voltage characteristics. The battery has a solid electrolyte containing LLZ (Li7La3Zr2O12) compound between the positive and negative electrodes, along with a polymer and lithium salt. The LLZ in the electrolyte improves yield and potential window stability. The positive electrode uses a three-component NMC (Ni-Co-Mn) oxide with a binder. This battery design avoids organic solvents in the electrolyte for improved safety compared to liquid electrolyte batteries.

Source

Electrode mixture, electrode, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with improved high-rate cycling performance and reduced risk of overcharge damage. The electrode mixture contains a fine (1um or less) lithium-nickel-manganese oxide, conductive agent, and overcharge inhibitor. The overcharge inhibitor forms a film on the electrode surface when overcharged to suppress abnormal battery behavior. The thin particle size oxide allows high energy density. The overcharge inhibitor prevents overcharging issues without impairing output. The battery has a positive electrode with this mixture, a lithium-ion compatible negative electrode, separator, electrolyte, and overcharge inhibitor in the electrolyte.

Source

Battery with improved safety and performance by using flat shaped particles with high aspect ratio that can undergo endothermic dehydration reactions. The particles are added to the battery electrolyte between the electrodes. When the battery heats up, the particles absorb energy by dehydrating without generating gas or decomposing. This prevents internal shorts and thermal runaway. The particles have aspect ratios of 2:1 or higher, where the length is 2 times the width.

Source

Thin film electrodes for lithium-ion batteries with improved cycling stability and capacity retention compared to conventional thin film electrodes. The thin films have density gradients where the density decreases with distance from the surface. This is achieved by controlling the gas pressure during deposition based on the thickness. The density modulation prevents delamination and cracking during cycling. The graded density allows thicker films with better stability than uniform density films. The graded density also reduces stress during lithiation/delithiation. The thicker films with improved cycling properties are needed for practical batteries.

Source

Cathode compositions for lithium-ion batteries that have high initial capacity, thermal stability, and capacity retention after cycling. The cathode compositions are of the formula Li [M.1(1-x)Mnx] O2 where M1 is a metallic element other than chromium, x is a fraction between 0 and 1, and Mn is manganese. The compositions avoid phase transitions and maintain a single-phase structure during cycling. The compositions also have improved safety by not generating excessive heat during overuse at high temperatures.

Source

Lithium secondary battery with improved safety through using a spinel-based manganese oxide positive electrode material and a composite separator with an organic/inorganic porous coating layer. The spinel manganese oxide provides enhanced thermal stability compared to other positive electrode materials. The composite separator with porous polymer substrate and coating of inorganic particles and binder improves internal short circuit resistance and reduces ignition risk.

Source

Electrode assembly and secondary battery design to improve safety and energy density of lithium-ion batteries. The electrode assembly has a lithium ion conductor layer between the positive and negative electrodes, on their surfaces, and also between the electrodes and separator. This provides an internal path for lithium ions to flow if an internal short occurs, preventing lithium dendrite growth and reducing the risk of thermal runaway. The battery design places these electrode assemblies adjacent to the case inner walls, where they can dissipate heat and current if a short occurs. This improves safety compared to high-energy-density assemblies near the case walls.

Source

A positive active material for lithium batteries with improved capacity, stability, and cycling life compared to traditional cobalt-based materials. The material has a unique structure with an internal bulk and an external bulk, where the metal composition is continuously graded between the interfaces. This graded composition prevents the concentration fluctuations that cause thermal instability and swelling in conventional layered oxides. It allows higher nickel and manganese contents in the outer layer for higher capacity, while keeping the inner core stable. The graded composition also improves cycling life by reducing lithium plating. The graded positive electrode material can be made by co-precipitation synthesis with controlled conditions to achieve the desired composition gradient.

Source

Stabilizing lithium-ion batteries to improve performance and lifespan by adding fluorinated electrolyte additives that contain multifunctional anions with two or more sulfonate or sulfonylimide groups. The additives can be added in low loadings, as low as 0.05 wt %, to the electrolyte to enhance stability at high temperatures, voltages, and prevent electrode reactions. The additives provide benefits like reduced impedance, gassing, and shorting at high temperatures, improved cycle life, and better voltage stability compared to conventional additives. The fluorinated additives can contain straight or branched fluoroalkyl chains with optional in-chain heteroatoms like nitrogen or oxygen.

Source

Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with improved safety and cycling life. The battery has a collector material connecting the terminal to the electrode assembly with a minimum cross-sectional area of 1.5 mm². This allows efficient heat dissipation to prevent temperature rise and exothermic reactions during battery failure events like impact. The battery also contains LiBOB in the electrolyte for improved cycling life but the added LiBOB can cause overheating. The large collector area prevents overheating by dissipating heat generated during failures.

Source

An all-solid-state rechargeable battery for electric vehicles that provides high energy density, long life, and safety compared to liquid electrolyte batteries. The battery cells contain solid electrolytes and solid-state electrodes made of materials like phosphates and ceramics. The cells are produced in a roll-to-roll process using thin substrates. This allows larger format batteries with higher capacity. The cells are arranged in packs with temperature control and monitoring to enable safe operation. The solid-state design eliminates liquid electrolyte issues like swelling, dendrite formation, and separator degradation.

Source

Secondary battery design that improves energy density while maintaining safety in overcharge conditions. The battery has a wound electrode assembly with positive and negative electrode sheets and separators wound together. The assembly is enclosed in a battery case. A positioning member holds the wound electrode in place. The key feature is that the positive electrode sheet has an uncoated portion exposed at one end. This prevents short circuits between the positive and negative electrodes during overcharge by having a lower resistance uncoated section compared to the coated positive electrode mixture layer. This reduces failures during overcharge. The uncoated section also allows heat to escape better from the positive side compared to the negative side, mitigating separator shrinkage asymmetry.

Source

Stacked lithium-ion battery design to prevent runaway and venting during overcharge. The battery uses separators with pouches oriented so the lead terminal draw direction aligns with the machine direction. A synthetic film is applied across the pouch edges. This film has higher adhesion than separator contraction force and higher softening point than separator. This prevents rupture when gases build up or thermal contraction stresses during overcharge. The film prevents electrode contact and runaway.

Source

A negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries that reduces separator-electrode delamination and maintains battery capacity. The negative electrode has a binding strength that prevents electrode layer detachment during cycling. The binding is enhanced by coating the negative electrode active material with a water-soluble polymer (A) that swells less than the electrolyte. A rubber binder (B) and water-soluble polymer (B) with high decomposition temps prevent decomposition during heating. Heating the electrode at temps above the current collector softening point reduces its strength. This balance of binding and collector strength prevents delamination.

Source

Heat-resistant separator for lithium-ion batteries with improved thermal stability, cycling performance, and electrode adhesion. The separator has a thin layer of heat-resistant ultrafine fibers coated on one or both sides of the separator film. The fibers are made by electrospinning a heat-resistant polymer with melting point >180°C. This prevents separator melting during battery abuse. The fibers enhance thermal endurance, adhesion to electrodes, and reduce thermal contraction compared to coating a thick heat-resistant layer.

Source

Negative electrode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries, like those used in hybrid electric vehicles, that has low moisture absorption and improved cycle life. The material is a carbon with closed pores formed during low-oxygen carbonization at moderate temperatures. The carbonization conditions are critical to create the closed pores. It involves carbonizing a precursor with 5-10% oxygen at low flow rates (<120 mL/g/h) and moderate pressures (normal to 10 kPa) in the 1100-1500°C range. This prevents open pores and high moisture adsorption. The closed pores provide better battery characteristics compared to open-pore carbon used in small devices.

Source

Battery system design for electric vehicles that improves performance, longevity, safety, and charging speed. The system uses interconnected battery cells with optimized electrode materials and packaging. It also includes temperature control and heating features. The interconnected cell design allows scaling of capacity and power, while the optimized electrodes and packaging improve cycle life and charge/discharge rates. The temperature control helps maintain optimal operating temperature for the cells. The heating feature warms cells during cold conditions to improve performance.

Source

A lithium metal battery design to prevent dendrite growth and improve stability and cycle life compared to conventional lithium metal batteries. The battery has electrolytes divided into fine segments instead of being continuous between the electrodes. This prevents dendrite growth from shorting the electrodes. The segments can be formed by partition walls within the battery or by using segmented electrodes. The segmented electrolyte structure disperses force when compressed and reduces leakage compared to unsegmented batteries.

Source

Large-sized lithium-ion battery packs for applications like electric vehicles, backup power, and home energy storage that have improved safety and reliability compared to conventional battery packs. The packs have lithium-ion batteries with sealed cases and safety valves to contain gas generated during overcharge or short circuits. But the packs also have additional features to mitigate gas buildup and prevent vented gas from entering enclosed spaces. These features include: 1. Porous heat-resistant layers sandwiched between the positive and negative electrodes of each battery cell. These layers absorb and spread out expansion due to gas generation during overcharge or short circuits, preventing cell rupture and gas release. 2. Battery packs with exhaust holes to vent any generated gas. The exhaust holes are sized based on testing to prevent excessive internal pressure buildup. 3. A shutdown layer between the electro

Source

A lithium-ion battery with improved safety by adding a small amount of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) to the positive electrode. The battery uses a positive electrode with a lithium nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide (LiNixCoyMnzO2) or a combination of LiNixCoyMnzO2 and spinel type lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4). To this positive electrode, 5-20% by mass of LiCoO2 is added. This prevents thermorunaway and ignition when using high-reactivity LiNixCoyMnzO2 in the positive electrode.

Source

Rechargeable lithium battery with a polymeric gel electrolyte that prevents dendrite formation on the lithium anode during cycling. The battery has a metallic lithium electrode and a polymeric gel electrolyte that fills the porosities inside the electrodes and separator. The gel electrolyte is made by crosslinking a polymer with a plasticizing solvent and lithium salt. This prevents dendrite growth on the lithium anode during cycling. The crosslinking is done at the same temperature as the lithium extrusion to ensure compatibility. The battery can operate at low temperatures without dendrites.

Source

Making composite particles for electrodes with improved electrochemical characteristics by integrating the active material, conductive additive, and binder in a granulating step done in an inert gas atmosphere. This prevents surface contamination from air exposure that can degrade electrochemical performance. The granulated particles with close contact between components are used in electrode formation. The inert atmosphere granulation step purifies the active material surface and prevents oxygen/moisture adsorption that can degrade electrochemical performance.

Source

Artificial graphite particles for lithium-ion battery negative electrodes that suppress electrolyte decomposition during charging and improve cycling performance. The particles have a unique structure with primary graphite particles clustered together and having a polyhedral edge shape. This structure allows high lithium intercalation capacity without electrolyte decomposition. The particles are made by grinding raw graphite between rotating members. The grinding creates polyhedral edges on the primary particles. This structure reduces electrolyte decomposition during charging compared to smooth graphite surfaces.

Source

Positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved cycle life, high rate capability, and reduced gas generation compared to conventional lithium transition metal oxides like LiCoO2. The material contains a layer structure composite oxide with added electron conductor elements, surface sulfate groups, and certain dopants to enhance stability and reduce lattice strain. This provides better electronic conductivity, sulfate barrier for preventing particle growth and transformation, and reduced lattice expansion during charge.

Source