Prevent Thermal Runaway in EV using Machine Learning

Time-resolved scanning probe microscopy methods, like time-resolved electrostatic force (trEFM), enable imaging of dynamic processes ranging from ion motion in batteries to electronic dynamics microstructured thin film semiconductors for solar cells. Reconstructing the underlying physical these techniques can be challenging due interplay cantilever physics with actual transient kinetics interest resulting signal. Previously, quantitative trEFM used empirical calibration or feed-forward neural networks trained on simulated data extract interest. Both approaches are limited by interpreting signal as a single exponential function, which serves an approximation but does not adequately reflect many realistic systems. Here, we present multibranched, multioutput convolutional network (CNN) that uses addition parameters input. The CNN accurately extracts describing both single-exponential and biexponential functions more reconstructs real experimental presence noise. This work demonstrates application physics-informed machine learning complex processing tasks, enabling efficient accurate ana... Read More

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Early detection of abnormally deteriorated cells in battery modules to prevent safety issues like thermal runaway or ignition. The method involves monitoring capacity deviations of multiple cells over time. It calculates statistical values representing the capacity variations at two different time points. By comparing these values, it can detect cells that have significantly deteriorated compared to the others, indicating an abnormality.

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Driven by increasingly stringent carbon emission regulations from the International Maritime Organization (IMO), maritime industry requires eco-friendly power systems and enhanced energy efficiency. Lithium-ion batteries, a core component of these systems, necessitate precise temperature management to ensure safety, performance, longevity, especially under high-temperature conditions owing inherent risk thermal runaway. This study proposes sensorless estimation method using long short-term memory network. Using key parameters, including state charge, voltage, current, C-rate, depth discharge, MATLAB-based analysis program was developed model battery dynamics. The proposed enables real-time internal without physical sensors, demonstrating improved accuracy via data-driven learning. Operational data training vessel Hannara were used develop an integrated organic Rankine cycleenergy storage system model, analyze factors influencing temperature, inform optimized operation strategies. results highlight potential enhance safety efficiency shipboard thereby contributing achievement IMO... Read More

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The thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries is a critical factor influencing their safety. Investigating the characteristics essential for battery safety design. In this study, 18650 under different SOCs were systematically analyzed by experiment and simulation. It was found that at high SOC (100%), highly lithium state accelerated lattice oxygen release, promoted formation LiNiO intensified electrolytic liquid oxygenation combustion, while low (20%), reduction environment dominated, metal Ni residual graphite significantly enriched. Gas analysis shows CO2 H2 account more than 80%, proportion regulated SOC. Temperature pressure monitoring showed increase in increased peak temperature (100% up to 508.4 C) (0.531 MPa).The simulation results show when pack out control, ejection fire explosion wave are concentrated middle upper region (overpressure 0.8 MPa). This study reveals mechanism which affects path product gas generation regulating oxidation/reduction balance, lays theoretical foundation safe design quantitative evaluation runaway.

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Diagnosing problems with electric vehicles using sensor data and analysis to identify issues without visible symptoms. The vehicles are equipped with sensors that provide data to a server for analysis. The server uses rules and models to analyze the sensor data and determine if certain ranges and thresholds are satisfied, indicating a potential problem with the vehicle. The models are trained using historical data and machine learning to output that a particular problem likely exists based on the sensor data. This allows proactive diagnosis and maintenance of electric vehicles by monitoring sensor data and analyzing it for indications of issues.

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Predicting events based on time series data using clustering and machine learning. The method involves generating time series data sets from input data, extracting subsets of contiguous data points with a fixed length, clustering the subsets into a defined number of groups, feeding the clusters to a machine learning model to predict event probability, comparing the original time series with a historical one that resulted in the event to determine similarity, and combining the event probability and similarity to get a final score representing likelihood of the event.

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Detecting safety events like fires and leaks in low-gravity environments using thermal imaging and machine learning. The method involves using a thermal camera to capture infrared images within a field of view, then processing the images with a trained ML model to determine if a safety event has occurred. If a safety event is detected, it is communicated to the user via an electronic display. This allows earlier and more reliable detection of safety issues in spacecraft and other low-gravity environments where traditional smoke and leak detectors may be ineffective.

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Lithiumion batteries are the dominant battery type for emerging technologies in efforts to slow climate change. Accurate and quick estimations of state charge (SOC) internal cell temperature vital battery-management systems enable effective operation portable electronics electric vehicles. Therefore, a long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent-neural network is proposed which completes estimation SOC average (Tavg) lithiumion under varying current loads. The trained evaluated using data compiled from newly developed extended single-particle model coupled with thermal dynamic model. Results promising, root mean square values typically 2% 1.2 K Tavg, while maintaining training testing times. In addition, we examined comparison single-feature versus multi-feature network, as well two different approaches partitioning.

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Abstract The widespread adoption of lithium batteries has raised concerns regarding safety due to the risk thermal runaway. mechanisms by which State Charge (SOC) and internal heat generation influence runaway in these remain unclear. In this study, we utilize a three-dimensional electrochemical-thermal coupled model investigate evolution with increasing temperature examining growth rate. Our findings indicate that: (1) both rate during initially increase before eventually decreasing; (2) an SOC leads reduction intercalation concentration at negative electrode, resulting decreased lower peak temperatures runaway; (3) significantly impacts critical time runaway, higher associated increased risk. These results provide theoretical support for optimizing battery preventing fires explosions.

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The paper presents the concept and modeling results of a multisensor system designed to prevent thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries. This is especially true for LCO, NMC NCO integrates three types sensors: capacitive pressure sensor, gas sensor based on metal oxide semiconductor, platinum temperature sensor. Moreover, all sensors are located single chip, which ensures increased reliability safety, minimizing risks fire, explosion, or damage Three battery operating modes proposed: normal, hazardous, critical. In normal mode, concentration remain at safe levels, while hazardous they begin increase, indicating possible onset destructive reactions. critical reaches can lead damage, explosion. was modeled using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.1 package finite element method. approach helps improve safety batteries by solving problems monitoring their condition. scalability makes it suitable applications both portable electronics electric vehicles.

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Detecting high impact scenarios using machine learning by iteratively generating test inputs with feature variations, simulating with the ML model to find output variations, and optimizing for maximized output variation with minimized input variation. This involves iteratively generating test inputs with feature variations, simulating with the ML model to find output variations, and using optimization to find the input feature that causes the most output variation with the least input variation. This allows identifying inputs that drastically change the ML output versus those with small changes.

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Determining failure of a vehicle component using trained artificial intelligence models to detect anomalies in measured signals. The method involves retrieving input signals correlated with the vehicle signal, predicting the signal using the AI model, determining a tolerance band, checking model validity, retrieving the actual signal, and determining if it's an anomaly based on the predicted, tolerance, and model validity. Counting and storing anomaly occurrences, and indicating component failure if a threshold of anomalies exceeds over time.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Thermal runaway in battery cells presents a critical safety concern, emphasizing the need for thorough understanding of thermal behavior to enhance and performance. This study introduces newly developed AutoLion 3D model, which builds on earlier 1D framework offers significantly faster computational performance compared traditional CFD models. The model is validated through simulations heat-wait-search mode Accelerating Rate Calorimeter (ARC), accurately predicting by matching experimental temperature profiles from peer-reviewed studies. Once validated, employed investigate LFPO under controlled heating conditions, applying heat one or more surfaces at time while modeling transfer non-heated surfaces. primary objective understand how these localized patterns impact profiles, including average core temperatures surface each heated surface, examine evolution distributions over time. Additionally, explores effects varying rates using ARC assess different influence process. comprehensive approach aims provide valua... Read More

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Thermal runaway is a critical phenomenon in lithium batteries, characterized by self-sustaining process due to internal chemical reactions, that triggered once certain temperature reached within the cell. This event often caused overheating charge and discharge cycles can lead fires or explosions, posing significant safety threat. The aim of this study induce thermal on single cells different ways characterize validate simulation models present Altair SimLab.</div><div paragraph">The work was conducted several key phases. Initially, an experimental test performed calorimeter (EV ARC HWS test) collect data Molicel 21700 P45B cell during under adiabatic conditions. These were used for cell, allowing detailed comparison with results. Subsequently, operational conditions, overheated using heat pad powered at constant power (non-adiabatic conditions), monitoring through three thermocouples placed For scenario as well, replicating effect source surface.</div><div paragraph">This work, carrie... Read More

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This Paper will focus on simulating thermal runaway propagation within a battery cell and module. The model parameters are derived from accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC). simulation involves that converts the stored energy of materials into energy, thereby runaway. initiation is modelled through nail penetration event, represented by heat profile in region. resulting temperature rise this area triggers short model, leading to spread runaway.</div><div paragraph">For single-cell simulation, 1-equation used, focusing direct conversion cell. In contrast, module more complex scenario. Here, an initial near region activates which subsequently 4-equation abuse model. higher activation energies required initiate cascading effect, driving process throughout As increases further, internal intensifies, turn reactivates associated with compared those create effect accelerates process.</div><div paragraph">The results obtained both levels be validated against ARC data. A detailed discussion these ... Read More

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The surge in electric vehicle usage has expanded the number of charging stations, intensifying demands on their operation and maintenance. Public often exposed to harsh weather unpredictable human factors, frequently encounter malfunctions requiring prompt attention. Current methods primarily employ data-driven approaches or rely empirical expertise establish warning thresholds for fault prediction. While these are generally effective, artificially fixed they prediction limit adaptability fall short sensitivity special scenarios, timings, locations, types faults, as well overall intelligence. This paper presents a novel model equipment that utilizes adaptive dynamic enhance diagnostic accuracy reliability. By integrating quantifying Environmental Influence Factors (EF), Scenario (SF), Fault Severity (FF), Charging Equipment Status (CF) into cohesive predictive framework, our dynamically adjusts based comprehensive analysis factors. Using dataset 560,000 records from Hangzhou, employs batch offline reinforcement... Read More

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Interest in Battery-Driven Electric Vehicles (EVs) has significantly grown recent years due to the decline of traditional Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs). However, malfunctions Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) can lead catastrophic results such as Thermal Runaway (TR), posing serious safety concerns their high energy release and emission flammable gases. Understanding this phenomenon is essential for reducing risks mitigating its effects. In study, a digital twin an Accelerated Rate Calorimeter (ARC) under Heat-Wait-and-Seek (HWS) procedure developed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) framework. The CFD model simulates heating cell during HWS procedure, pressure build-up within LIB, gas venting phenomena, exothermic processes LIB degradation internal components. validated against experimental NCA 18650 similar conditions, focusing on temperature domain pressure. effectively captures heat released by undergoing TR through convection radiation surrounding air while providing temporal spatial resolution compo... Read More

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Early warning system to detect thermal runaway in electric vehicle batteries using acoustic sensors. The system monitors sound waves emitted from battery cells to predict thermal runaway before it escalates. Acoustic sensors detect low frequency infrasound generated by gas bubbles forming during early stages of thermal runaway. An algorithm analyzes the acoustic data to predict thermal runaway. This allows earlier intervention to prevent escalation compared to temperature sensors.

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Estimating the internal temperature of a battery using impedance measurements at specific frequencies. The method involves applying a signal of a set frequency band to the battery, measuring the impedance, and using that impedance to estimate the internal temperature using a learning model. The set frequency band is determined based on a correlation between impedance and state of charge. By estimating internal temperature this way, it enables predicting battery fires before they occur.

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Multi-model fusion power battery thermal runaway early warning system that uses multiple warning models to accurately predict and warn of power battery thermal runaway failures. The system uses voltage, temperature, and heat transfer models to comprehensively monitor battery modules. It involves real-time acquisition of single cell voltages, historical voltage data, and internal temperature prediction using neural networks. The models consider voltage anomalies, physical heat generation, and cell-to-cell heat transfer. A decision model combines warnings for overall thermal runaway prediction. The multi-model fusion provides accurate early warnings and informed driver response to mitigate battery failure hazards.

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