Cycling Stability Improvement in Lithium Sulfur EV Batteries

Electrolyte additives for lithium-sulfur batteries that prevent active material loss through controlled polysulfide conversion. The additives form stable complexes with sulfur species, facilitating their conversion to Li2S8 while maintaining electrochemical activity. This approach addresses the key challenges of Li-S battery performance, particularly during commercial cycling conditions where thick sulfur cathodes and lean electrolytes are used. The additives enable rapid formation of Li2S8 through controlled polysulfide conversion, without the need for external heating or stirring.

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Cathode material for lithium-sulfur batteries that combines sulfur-based electroactive materials with non-sulfur intercalation materials. The material comprises a sulfur-based electroactive material, a non-sulfur electroactive material, and a blend of non-sulfur intercalation materials. The non-sulfur intercalation materials are selected to match the discharge voltage curve of the sulfur-based material, allowing simultaneous lithium insertion during discharge. The material achieves high energy density, long cycle life, and low cost by incorporating both sulfur-based and non-sulfur intercalation materials in a single cathode composition.

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Lithium-sulfur battery with enhanced lifespan through a novel electrolyte system that prevents polysulfide migration. The battery employs an SSE (sparingly solvating electrolyte) system with carbon-based electrodes, where sulfur is retained in the positive electrode and lithium metal remains intact. The SSE electrolyte eliminates the traditional polysulfide shuttle phenomenon, while maintaining the battery's theoretical capacity. This approach enables the battery to operate for extended periods without the degradation typically associated with conventional lithium-sulfur batteries.

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Advanced energy storage system using Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) batteries that addresses the growing demand for sustainable and high-capacity energy storage solutions. The system integrates novel electrode materials and advanced electrolyte solutions, optimizing electrochemical performance and extending battery lifespan. The system also incorporates innovative thermal management and safety features to prevent thermal runaway and ensure reliable operation. This breakthrough technology enables the widespread adoption of Li-S batteries in applications like electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and portable electronics, offering a significant leap forward in energy storage solutions.

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Lithium-sulfur battery with high energy density and exceptional lifespan, achieved through a novel cathode design. The battery utilizes a sulfur-based positive electrode active material with a high specific surface area, combined with a separator made from a specialized polyolefin membrane. This separator, featuring pores of varying sizes, enables efficient ion transport while preventing polysulfide elution. The battery achieves remarkable discharge capacity retention through the separator's superior ion transport properties, while maintaining excellent cycle life and preventing dendrite growth on the lithium cathode.

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Electrolyte for lithium-sulfur batteries with enhanced durability. The electrolyte combines a non-aqueous electrolyte with a solvent containing vinyl esters in a proportion of 10-100% by weight. This composition enables the battery to achieve superior performance characteristics, including enhanced cycle life and improved overall battery stability, compared to conventional electrolyte formulations.

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Lithium-sulfur battery with enhanced energy density through a novel electrolyte system that utilizes a sparing solvating electrolyte (SSE) with specific properties. The battery features a cathode comprising sulfur and a carbon material with high surface area, where the SSE electrolyte enables 90% or more of the theoretical sulfur discharge capacity to be utilized. The SSE system prevents polysulfide dissolution, eliminating the short-circuiting and degradation issues associated with conventional catholytes. The battery achieves improved performance through the optimized cathode design and the SSE electrolyte system, which enables higher capacity utilization of sulfur.

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A sulfur-carbon composite for lithium-sulfur batteries that enhances polysulfide adsorption while maintaining electrical conductivity. The composite is prepared by modifying a carbon-based material with a surface treatment that incorporates hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, achieving a surface functional group content of 3-10% by weight. This modification enables effective polysulfide adsorption without compromising electrical properties, allowing for improved battery performance and capacity retention.

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Lithium-sulfur battery electrolyte that enhances discharge characteristics and capacity retention. The electrolyte contains a fluorinated ether compound with a specific molecular structure, combined with an alkali metal salt. This combination provides improved performance in lithium-sulfur batteries, particularly in reducing discharge capacity and prolonging battery life through enhanced ionic conductivity and chemical stability.

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A method for preparing high-performance lithium-sulfur battery positive electrodes through a novel current collector structure. The method involves creating a current collector from foamed nickel, followed by carbon nanotube (CNT) deposition on the nickel surface through chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The resulting electrode has a three-dimensional conductive network formed by sulfur, which enables efficient lithium-ion intercalation and discharge. The current collector and CNT structure work together to enhance the electrode's performance, including improved capacity retention and charging efficiency, while maintaining high current density.

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Cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries that achieve higher energy density through novel nanostructured designs. The materials contain electroactive sulfur in a fully enclosed core-shell structure, eliminating sulfide migration pathways between the cathode and anode. The core-shell architecture provides enhanced electrochemical performance by physically containing sulfur within an impermeable shell. The materials are fabricated through polymer and sulfur composition blending methods, enabling the creation of nanostructured cathodes with superior energy density compared to conventional metal oxide-based intercalation cathodes.

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A rechargeable alkali metal-sulfur battery with enhanced performance through a novel anode-protecting layer. The battery features a lithium-sulfur cell with an elastomer-based anode-protecting layer that prevents lithium polysulfide migration and dissolution. The anode-protecting layer has a thickness of 1 nm to 100 μm, exhibits fully recoverable tensile strain up to 1,000%, and maintains electronic conductivity below 10^-8 S/cm. This separator-based design enables high sulfur content, efficient cathode utilization, and exceptional cycle life without conventional separators.

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High energy lithium-sulfur battery with improved cycling performance and capacity compared to traditional lithium-sulfur batteries. The cell uses a liquid electrolyte with a high concentration of lithium salts (75% saturation or more) in combination with a solid-state cathode containing electroactive sulfur. The high salt concentration in the electrolyte prevents polysulfide shuttle and interfacial issues during cycling. The solid cathode mitigates volume changes and wetting issues. This allows using a concentrated electrolyte for improved performance. The cell can have low electrolyte volume and weight compared to traditional lithium-sulfur batteries.

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Alkali metal-sulfur secondary battery with enhanced performance characteristics through novel cathode architectures. The battery comprises a lithium metal anode and a cathode comprising a sulfur-carbon hybrid material encapsulated within a high-performance elastic polymer matrix. The encapsulated sulfur-carbon hybrid material provides superior contact between the sulfur particles and the current collector, while the elastic polymer matrix prevents sulfur particle migration and ensures stable cell performance during charge/discharge cycles. The resulting battery achieves higher specific energy density (up to 600 Wh/kg) and improved cycle life compared to conventional lithium-sulfur batteries.

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Rechargeable lithium metal-sulfur batteries with enhanced performance characteristics. The battery incorporates a cathode layer containing sulfur-carbon hybrids, sulfur-graphite hybrids, sulfur-graphene hybrids, conductive polymer-sulfur hybrids, metal sulfides, or sulfur compounds, encapsulated within a thin layer of highly elastic polymer. This polymer-based encapsulation prevents the sulfur particles from dislodging during charging/discharging, while maintaining their electrochemical properties. The resulting cathode layer exhibits superior capacity retention compared to conventional sulfur-based cathodes, with lithium ion conductivity greater than 5S/cm and recoverable tensile elongation of at least 10%. The battery achieves cell-specific energy densities of 400-600 Wh/kg, surpassing current commercial standards.

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Lithium secondary battery electrolyte with reduced impedance and enhanced safety features. The electrolyte contains a non-aqueous solvent, lithium salt, and a sulfonate-based additive that improves electrolyte conductivity while maintaining safety. The sulfonate additive is incorporated into the electrolyte composition at a concentration of 0.01-10% of the total electrolyte mass. This additive enables the electrolyte to exhibit lower internal resistance and enhanced thermal stability compared to traditional electrolytes, while maintaining the necessary safety characteristics.

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Organic sulfur species and their lithium organo-sulfur compounds enhance the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries through improved electrode-electrolyte interactions. The organic sulfur compounds, which can be aromatic polysulfides, polyether-polysulfides, polysulfide-acid salts, or polysulfide-acid salts, form strong chemical bonds with metal ions in the electrodes, particularly in the anode. These sulfur species also facilitate the transfer of sulfur atoms between the cathode and anode during charge/discharge cycles, thereby preventing sulfur depletion. The sulfur species can be processed with metal ions to form metal organo-sulfur compounds, which enhance electrode performance.

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A lithium-sulfur battery cathode material with enhanced stability and conductivity through a three-dimensional porous carbon structure. The material combines porous carbon with sulfur and a three-dimensional network of sulfur-based compounds, creating a unique electrode architecture that addresses the challenges of sulfur dissolution and internal resistance in lithium-sulfur batteries.

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Lithium-sulfur battery electrolyte for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries that addresses the common issue of irreversible lithium sulfide formation during discharge. The electrolyte comprises a lithium salt dissolved in an organic solvent, with a functional additive that enables uniform mixing during preparation. The additive enhances the electrolyte's stability and prevents irreversible side reactions, resulting in improved battery performance.

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Sulfur-carbon composite for lithium-sulfur batteries that combines enhanced ion conductivity with improved electrode performance. The composite comprises a porous carbon matrix with a sulfur-containing coating layer containing an ion-conductive polymer, where the polymer is incorporated into the carbon matrix's surface layers. This polymer layer facilitates lithium ion migration into the sulfur matrix, thereby enhancing both sulfur conductivity and electrode reactivity. The composite can be produced through a simple coating process that integrates the polymer and sulfur into the carbon matrix.

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High-concentration ester electrolyte for lithium-sulfur batteries that addresses the shuttle effect and thermal stability issues of conventional ether-based electrolytes. The electrolyte contains a high concentration of ester, which enables enhanced sulfur cathode performance and improved thermal stability compared to conventional ether-based electrolytes. The ester-based electrolyte maintains high specific energy density while addressing the shuttle effect and thermal stability concerns in lithium-sulfur batteries.

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Graphite modified separator for lithium-sulfur batteries that overcomes the shuttle problem of polysulfide transport between electrodes. The separator is prepared by coating a graphite base with a controlled amount of carbon material, with a specific composition range of 70-85% graphite and 5-10% carbon. The coating is applied through a wet chemical process, resulting in a stable electrolyte interface that prevents polysulfide migration. The modified separator is then assembled into lithium-sulfur batteries, enabling improved performance characteristics compared to conventional separators.

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A low-cost, scalable method to manufacture high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries with improved cycle life. The method involves functionalizing conductive carbon black particles to form a sulfur-covering-carbon sponge structure. This is achieved by dispersing sulfur particles and functionalized carbon in a matrix, heating to melt sulfur, and isolating the sponge. The sponge structure allows sulfur expansion without separating carbon particles. The functionalized carbon also passivates during delithiation to slow sulfur loss.

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Secondary electrochemical storage devices with improved energy density and cycle life through innovative electrode design. The devices feature an anode with a lower capacity than the cathode, achieved through strategic electrode material selection and processing. The anode material is plated onto a substrate during discharge, enabling reversible capacity utilization and minimizing surface area degradation. The cell architecture incorporates a separator that facilitates redox reactions between the anode and cathode, enabling efficient energy storage and release. The design achieves >99.35% Coulombic efficiency and enables >80% capacity retention after multiple charge/discharge cycles.

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Secondary electrochemical cells for energy storage that achieve high efficiency and cycle life through novel electrode designs. The cells employ an anode with a significantly lower capacity than the cathode, typically below 3 mAh/cm², and a separator that enables efficient interfacial reactions between the anode and cathode. By strategically controlling the anode material composition and electrolyte properties, the cells achieve superior charge/discharge efficiency (>99.35%) and cycle life (>80% capacity retention over 30 cycles) compared to conventional lithium-ion cells.

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A lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode comprising a sulfur-carbon composite and a surface-modified electrode coating containing amphiphilic polymers. The coating layer, comprising a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic part, is applied to the sulfur-carbon composite surface during discharge. This amphiphilic polymer layer selectively interacts with the sulfur polysulfide anode material, preventing dissolution of lithium polysulfide into the electrolyte while maintaining electrical conductivity.

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A lithium-sulfur battery separator with enhanced polysulfide inhibition through a modified diaphragm approach. The separator comprises a diaphragm on the diaphragm substrate and a substrate coated with a polymer layer, with the separator matrix comprising polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, and glass-ceramic. The coating layer has a thickness of 1-20 μm and surface density of 0.1-1 μg/cm². The separator is designed to prevent polysulfide migration during charging-discharging while maintaining high energy density.

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A lithium-sulfur battery that achieves high specific energy density through a holistic approach to enhancing cell performance. The battery utilizes a novel nanocomposite material comprising graphene oxide (GO) as a sulfur fixing agent, where the GO surface forms chemical bonds with sulfur. This GO-S nanocomposite is combined with an elastomeric binder and an ionic liquid electrolyte. The nanocomposite enables improved sulfur immobilization through functional groups on graphene oxide, while the elastomeric binder maintains structural integrity during operation. The electrolyte, featuring a novel mixture of an ionic liquid and polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, provides stable cycling performance. The battery achieves a specific energy density of 350-400 Wh/kg, surpassing current lithium-ion battery standards, while maintaining high cycle life and rate capability.

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Sulfur-based cathode material and preparation method for lithium-ion batteries, enabling higher energy density batteries with improved performance. The material combines elemental sulfur with carbon and specific elements like antimony, iodine, and phosphorus to create a cathode with enhanced capacity and conductivity. The preparation method involves a novel combination of elemental sulfur and carbon in a sealed reaction vessel, allowing for the formation of amorphous structures that are not present in traditional cathode materials. This approach enables the creation of cathodes with improved discharge characteristics and reduced shuttle effect, leading to enhanced energy density performance.

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Positive electrode for lithium-sulfur batteries that prevents lithium polysulfide dissolution through a lithium ion conductive polymer coating on the electrode surface. The polymer, which can be applied through various methods like ball milling, impregnation, or encapsulation, forms a thin film on the electrode active material that selectively prevents lithium polysulfide migration to the negative electrode during charging and discharging. This polymer-based coating effectively blocks the dissolution of lithium polysulfide, thereby enhancing battery lifespan and performance.

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A method for preparing lithium-sulfur battery cathodes that prevents polysulfide dissolution during charging and discharging. The method employs a novel dispersion of dodecyltrimethylchlorosilane (DTMS) in cyclohexane to create a conductive polymer coating on sulfur-based cathode materials. This coating selectively prevents polysulfide migration while maintaining the cathode's structural integrity during charge/discharge cycles. The DTMS polymer coating enables efficient polysulfide management without compromising the material's volumetric energy density.

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Organic polysulfides and organopolythiolates for lithium-sulfur batteries, particularly for high-power applications, enhance electrochemical cell performance through sulfur and metal interactions. The polysulfides and polythiolates form strong sulfur-metal bonds, improving cathode performance while maintaining high sulfur solubility in non-aqueous electrolytes. The polysulfides and polythiolates are combined with sulfur and metal compounds to create conductive matrices, enabling efficient lithium-sulfur battery operation.

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