Silicon Anodes for Improved EV Battery Performance

Silicon (Si) anodes hold exceptional promise for highenergydensity lithiumion batteries (LIBs) due to their ultrahigh theoretical capacity (~4200 mAh g). However, commercialization is severely hindered by the significant volume expansion (~300%) and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Conventional SEI, predominantly composed of organic species, suffers from low ionic conductivity, electronic insulation poor mechanical robustness, leading rapid decay. Herein, we propose an interface engineering strategy decorating Si nanoparticles with insitu conversed MgF layer (with coating integrity 94.6%). During initial lithiation, applied into SEI film high better adaptability. The prepared Si@MgF1 anode achieves a coulombic efficiency (91.7%), superior rate capability (2000 g at 10 C), remarkable cycling stability (1794.9 g1 after 500 cycles). Fullcell based on NCM811 cathode further validate practicality this approach. robust conversion construction mechanically adaptive LiFrich holds advancement durable siliconbased LIBs.

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Negative electrode design for lithium batteries with silicon-based anodes that improves cycle life and performance compared to pure silicon electrodes. The negative electrode has a specific ratio of particle sizes for silicon and carbon materials, and a porosity range. The silicon-carbon particle size ratio is 2-8. This allows the carbon to accommodate silicon volume expansion without degradation. The 48-62% porosity provides enough space for the silicon expansion. This prevents cracks and damage while maintaining electrical contact.

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Anode material for lithium-ion batteries that reduces volume expansion and improves cycle life. The anode material contains a silicon core coated with a carbon layer. The silicon core has silicon oxide and lithium silicate. The carbon coating isolates the core from the electrolyte, preventing loss of active silicon/lithium. The coating composition and thickness can be tuned for optimal electrolyte interface and charge transfer.

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Anode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved initial efficiency and cycle life. The anode contains silicon with lithium silicates. The silicon-based active substance is prepared by modifying the silicon oxide surface to increase lithiation sites. This involves treating the silicon oxide with acid to create defects, followed by prelithiation in the presence of a reducing lithium compound. The modified silicon oxide is then mixed and dispersed before prelithiation. This balances lithium, silicon, and lithium silicate content to avoid excessive silicon expansion. The modified silicon oxide provides stable lithiation, preventing erosion of binders and improving cycle life.

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Highly porous silicon composite anodes for lithium-ion batteries that have improved cycle life and capacity retention compared to conventional silicon anodes. The composite contains nanoscale silicon and carbon with a weight ratio of 75:25 to 99:1 silicon:carbon. The high silicon content allows for high capacity, while the carbon network provides structure and conductivity. The composites have a volume fraction of porosity between 20-70% to accommodate silicon expansion. Sealing the composites with a thin carbon coating prevents electrolyte reaction.

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Silicon-carbon composite for lithium-ion batteries with improved capacity and cycle life compared to traditional silicon anodes. The composite contains silicon particles coated with a thin carbon layer. The carbon coating suppresses volume expansion during charging/discharging. The carbon-coated silicon has a specific molar ratio of oxygen to silicon (O/Si) of 0.01-0.45. This ratio enables high discharge capacity and initial efficiency. The composite structure also has a core-shell structure with a thin carbon shell.

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Blend electrodes are used in lithiumion batteries to increase the performance by combining two active materials, such as silicon (Si) or oxide (SiOx) and graphite (Gr) for negative electrode. Indepth knowledge of complex interactions between materials is essential understand how inhomogeneities local peaks intercalation current arise they can be prevented. This work presents a spatially resolved transmission line model developed describe electrochemical behavior blend electrodes. Parameterization validation carried out Gr/SiOx anode. Simulation results investigate states during lithiation at different Crates. A special focus put on stress indicators precursors accelerated aging like materialspecific Crates spatial gradients degree lithiation. Thus, modeling approach tool both description properties simulationbased balancing materials capacities within

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Nanostructured materials for improved lithium-ion battery anodes. The materials are carbon-comprising, silicon-based nanostructures like nanowires, nanoparticles, or nanostructures on a carbon substrate. These nanostructures have desirable properties like high capacity, fast charging, and cycling stability compared to bulk silicon. They can be added to battery slurries at low weight percentages to replace some graphite. The nanostructures can also have carbon coatings to further enhance performance. The nanostructures are suitable for high aspect ratio silicon nanowires with diameters below 500 nm and lengths below 50 microns.

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Anode for lithium secondary batteries with improved capacity and stability. The anode has an active material layer with a specific Raman R1 value range measured under a specific focus level. This range suppresses side reactions and expansion/contraction of silicon-based active materials, providing uniform high capacity throughout the anode.

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Anode active material for lithium-ion batteries that improves battery life by reducing volume expansion and cracking during cycling. The anode active material consists of composite particles with a silicon-containing coating on carbon-based particles. The composite particles have an equivalent porosity of 5-25% to alleviate volume expansion of the silicon. The porosity is calculated based on the weight ratio of silicon, the specific volume of pore space, and the density of the composite particles.

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Anode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved cycling stability and reduced volume expansion during charge/discharge cycles. The anode material comprises an anode with secondary particles made of agglomerated primary particles containing a silicon-based active material doped with iron and nickel. The iron:nickel ratio is 9.2-20. The co-doping of iron and nickel strengthens the primary particle structure, reducing volume expansion during cycling and improving anode stability compared to undoped silicon.

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Battery cells with improved performance and reduced flammability compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. The cells use semi-solid state electrolytes and anode electrodes with oxysulfide solid-state electrolytes. The oxysulfide electrolyte contains lithium, phosphorus, sulfur, and oxygen compounds. This allows using silicon as the anode active material instead of graphite. The oxysulfide electrolyte improves ion transport and kinetics in the silicon anode compared to traditional liquid electrolytes. It also allows higher capacity compared to conventional lithium-ion silicon anodes. The cells can further have lithium-sulfur cathodes, solvate ionic liquid electrolytes, and hydrogenated nitrile rubber binders for improved performance and reduced flammability.

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Abstract Silicon suboxide (SiO x , 0 < 2) is an appealing anode material to replace traditional graphite owing its much higher theoretical specific capacity enabling higher-energy-density lithium batteries. Nevertheless, the huge volume change and rapid decay of SiO electrodes during cycling pose challenges their large-scale practical applications. To eliminate this bottleneck, a dragonfly wing microstructure-inspired polymer electrolyte (denoted as PPM-PE) developed based on in-situ polymerization bicyclic phosphate ester- urethane motif-containing monomer methyl methacrylate in liquid electrolyte. PPM-PE delivers excellent mechanical properties, highly correlated with formation micro-phase separation structure similar wings. By virtue superior properties solidified preparation method, can form 3D network buffer against stress within electrode particles gap, suppressed expansion more stabilized solid interface along evidently decreased decomposition. Resultantly, shows significant improvements both rate performance button soft package batteries -based electrodes, compared counter... Read More

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Electrode design for high capacity lithium-ion batteries with improved kinetics using silicon-graphite composite electrodes. The electrodes have a specific structure with controlled pore distribution to balance capacity and kinetics. The structure has a silicon-rich active layer with a porosity level that allows enough electrolyte infiltration without excessive capacity loss. The layer contains penetrating pores connecting to the current collector. This allows electrolyte from both sides to quickly access the active layer. The pores also have a depth-thickness ratio in a specific range. The controlled pore structure improves the kinetics of the silicon-rich electrode without compromising capacity.

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A negative electrode composition for lithium-ion batteries that prevents volume expansion during charging and discharging while maintaining high capacity. The composition comprises a silicon-based active material, a conductive material, and a binder. The silicon-based material is a high-capacity compound with a controlled grain size distribution, while the conductive material includes single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The binder is optimized for the silicon-based material, with a specific content ratio that balances binder performance with the material's inherent properties. This composition enables the silicon-based material to maintain its structural integrity during charging and discharging while preventing the rapid expansion that can lead to structural damage.

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Silicon-dominant lithium-ion batteries with controlled lithiation of the silicon anode to improve cycle life and performance. The silicon anode is lithiated to a level above a minimum threshold after discharge, preventing capacity fade and electrode degradation. The post-discharge lithiation level is configured by factors like discharge voltage and prelithiation. This targeted lithiation range balances between avoiding excessive expansion/contraction of the silicon and maintaining enough lithium to stabilize the electrolyte interface.

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Lithium secondary battery with improved thermal stability and high energy density through a novel combination of olivine-based positive electrode and silicon-based negative electrode materials. The battery features a layered olivine-based positive electrode with a nickel content, combined with a silicon-based negative electrode containing a specific ratio of olivine to silicon. The olivine-based positive electrode provides stability during high-voltage charging, while the silicon-based negative electrode offers enhanced thermal stability through its inherent properties. The battery achieves high energy density and fast charging while maintaining excellent thermal stability, making it suitable for applications requiring both high capacity and thermal resilience.

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Secondary battery with improved energy density, cycling performance, and dynamic performance. The battery uses a specially formulated negative electrode film. The film has two regions: a top region with a carbon material having pores, and a bottom region with graphite. This pore structure allows volume expansion during charging without particle breakage. A silicon-based material can also be added to further enhance performance. The film compaction density can be high while still having low thickness expansion. This improves energy density and reduces cycling degradation. The film also has good ion and electron transport for improved dynamic performance.

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An original synthesis route has been developed to optimize silicon's utility in replacing graphite as anode material Liion batteries. This involves blending silicon with aluminium enhance its conductivity. The siliconaluminium is codeposited on a nanoporous titanium dioxide nanotube matrix, which serves an active current collector, thereby eliminating the need for inactive binders and ensuring robust mechanical stability during cycling. nanostructured negative electrode fabricated through two electrochemical steps: first, anodization of foil, followed by coelectrodeposition using room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte. enables insitu integration into deposit. resulting SiAl/TiO2 nanocomposite exhibits improved cyclic enhanced rate capability. observed enhancement battery performance underscores significance this process fabricating such composite electrodes.

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Abstract The addition of silicon to graphite electrodes generally enhances energy density but shortens cycle life due the volume changes during (de-)lithiation. To balance these effects, commercial cells incorporate small amounts. This study investigates physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties three cylindrical lithium-ion LG INR21700-M50, M50T, M50LT on particle, electrode, cell level. After teardown sample preparation, i. a. energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) investigations reveal differences in cells electrodes: While M50 M50T employ graphite/silicon composite anodes, solely contains as an active material. Despite absence silicon, achieves a comparable cell-level capacity, attributed increased nickel content positive electrode. raises question silicons replaceability, addressed throughout summarized conclusion. also determines electrode 2.43% using five complementary, cross-validated methods. Additional comparisons include open circuit potentials (OCP), particle size distributions, solid diffusion coefficients. characterizes support interpretation rela... Read More

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