Silicon Anodes for Improved EV Battery Performance

An original synthesis route has been developed to optimize silicon's utility in replacing graphite as anode material Liion batteries. This involves blending silicon with aluminium enhance its conductivity. The siliconaluminium is codeposited on a nanoporous titanium dioxide nanotube matrix, which serves an active current collector, thereby eliminating the need for inactive binders and ensuring robust mechanical stability during cycling. nanostructured negative electrode fabricated through two electrochemical steps: first, anodization of foil, followed by coelectrodeposition using room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte. enables insitu integration into deposit. resulting SiAl/TiO2 nanocomposite exhibits improved cyclic enhanced rate capability. observed enhancement battery performance underscores significance this process fabricating such composite electrodes.

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Abstract The addition of silicon to graphite electrodes generally enhances energy density but shortens cycle life due the volume changes during (de-)lithiation. To balance these effects, commercial cells incorporate small amounts. This study investigates physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties three cylindrical lithium-ion LG INR21700-M50, M50T, M50LT on particle, electrode, cell level. After teardown sample preparation, i. a. energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) investigations reveal differences in cells electrodes: While M50 M50T employ graphite/silicon composite anodes, solely contains as an active material. Despite absence silicon, achieves a comparable cell-level capacity, attributed increased nickel content positive electrode. raises question silicons replaceability, addressed throughout summarized conclusion. also determines electrode 2.43% using five complementary, cross-validated methods. Additional comparisons include open circuit potentials (OCP), particle size distributions, solid diffusion coefficients. characterizes support interpretation rela... Read More

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Siliconbased anode materials hold great promise for advancing lithiumion battery technology due to their high specific capacity, low voltage platform, abundant resources, and environmental benefits. However, inherent challenges, such as poor electrical conductivity, significant volume expansion, instability of the solidelectrolyte interphase layer, hinder widespread commercialization. This study addresses these issues using dry particle coating method with nanostructured fumed aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), a novel approach potential commercial scalability. The impact surface wettability on performance is studied by applying metal coatings, hydrophilic hydrophobized surfaces. Electrochemical evaluation shows increase in rate cycle life when applied, improvements discharge capacity around 10% 17% Al respectively, after 100 cycles. protects active material, preventing pulverization, reducing side reactions, decreasing electrolyte decomposition hydrofluoric acid content. While overall improves coating, best results are achieved which fosters more homogeneous microstructured electr... Read More

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The huge volume changes of silicon (Si) anodes during cycling lead to continuous solid electrolyte interphase thickening, mechanical failure, and loss electrical contact, which have become key bottlenecks limiting their practical applications. This work presents a trimodal in situ growth strategy for constructing hierarchical carbon nanoarchitecture networks on Si substrates (Si@Gr@CNT). designed "Edge-Surface-Inter" (E-S-I) architecture exhibits three synergistic features: an edge-protruding structure forming vertical conductive channels rapid Li+ transport, surface-entangled providing enhancement, interbridging three-dimensional electron transport networks. Si@Gr@CNT electrode demonstrates 63.2% improvement half-cell rate performance compared with traditional Si@Gr. E-S-I contributes suppressing excessive LiF formation through improved local current distribution, devoted the stable thinner layer. network possesses significant stress regulation effect, provides release space direction lateral buffering surface flexible entanglement. For applications, full cell assembled LiFePO4 cath... Read More

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A rechargeable lithium battery with improved cycling performance and capacity retention. The battery uses a unique negative electrode active material composition. It combines rod-shaped artificial graphite with a specific diameter and aspect ratio, along with a silicon-carbon composite. This mixture provides a balance between capacity and cycling stability compared to using just the graphite or just the silicon-carbon composite. The rod-shaped graphite improves cycling stability while the silicon-carbon composite provides capacity.

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Method for stabilizing copper-rich silicide phases in a microstructure, such as a silicon anode for lithium-ion batteries, to control phase separation and microstructure formation during annealing. By varying parameters like pulse duration, energy, and substrate preheating/cooling, copper silicide matrices can be formed in the silicon layers with embedded nanoscale silicon regions. This allows high utilization of the silicon for lithium intercalation while maintaining conductivity. The copper silicide matrices can also contain high-temperature, copper-rich phases like Cu7Si and Cu9Si. The nanostructuring can be tuned by cooling rate to modify the morphology and distribution of phases.

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Uniformly modified silicon-based composite material for lithium-ion battery negative electrodes that improves cycling stability and rate performance compared to traditional silicon oxide. The material has a composition of SiCxAyOz, with 0<x<20, 0<y<10, and 0<z<10. The modification involves distributing carbon and A elements like Al or B throughout the bulk of the silicon oxide particles instead of just coating the surface. This bulk phase doping improves electronic conductivity inside the particles to mitigate volume expansion and pulverization during cycling.

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Lithium-ion battery electrodes with improved cycling stability by dispersing inert elements like hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and chlorine into the silicon-based electrode material. This reduces volume expansion during charging and prevents pulverization. The inert elements are atomically dispersed in the silicon structure during fabrication using a homogenous liquid precursor mixture. The silicon and inert elements are simultaneously extracted and incorporated into the solid electrode structure during reaction. This disperses the inert elements throughout the silicon material instead of forming separate phases.

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Solid-state battery with improved anode materials for higher capacity and longer life compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. The battery uses an anode with layers of tin metal and silicon/silicon-based materials instead of the typical composite of silicon particles. This configuration provides better performance because it reduces capacity fade and resistance rise compared to using silicon or tin alone. The tin layer next to the solid electrolyte prevents volume expansion of the silicon layer during charging, which improves cycling stability. The silicon layer between tin layers further reduces expansion. This layered anode structure enables higher capacity silicon utilization compared to composites.

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Silicon-based negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries that combines high capacity with excellent aqueous processability and long cycle life. The material comprises a porous silicon-carbon composite where silicon is deposited onto the carbon surface in a controlled disproportionation reaction, creating a uniform silicon-carbon interface. This composite exhibits superior aqueous processability compared to conventional silicon-based electrodes, while maintaining excellent capacity and cycle life characteristics. The composite is formed through a controlled etching process that preserves the silicon-carbon interface while incorporating carbon layers for enhanced conductivity. The resulting material delivers high energy density, excellent aqueous processability, and long cycle life, making it suitable for lithium-ion batteries with high capacity and rate capability applications.

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Abstract Silicon anode active materials for lithium-ion batteries are becoming increasingly relevant industrial applications. However, their material-intrinsic voltage hysteresis and relaxation behavior is not fully understood introduces challenges to the modeling of material battery management systems. Here, we characterize an electrode which capacity almost exclusively attributed silicon material, based on micro-particles. By comparing it a common graphite electrode, highlight unusual at open-circuit (OCV) conditions: relaxes significantly more strongly than what could be explained by removal ohmic, kinetic, mass-transport overpotentials. Furthermore, appears that during OCV conditions there reversible build-up additional overpotentials disappear after subsequent (de)lithiation small increment overall capacity. rate performance impedance measurements current-interrupt experiments, find relative differences potentials under load can characterized similarly graphite, but experiments where potential compared load, artefacts introduced analysis lead overestimation resistances.

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Anode design for lithium-ion batteries that provides high capacity, stability, and manufacturing simplicity compared to conventional silicon anodes. The anode structure has a continuous, porous layer of silicon or germanium on a metal oxide-coated current collector. This silicon-rich layer is deposited using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at thicknesses of 0.1-10 μm. The silicon-rich layer has low carbon content, avoids nanostructures like nanowires, and has high reflectance. It provides high lithium storage capacity, volume expansion stability, and manufacturing ease compared to complex silicon nanostructures.

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With the growing demand for highenergydensity lithiumion batteries, SiO has emerged as a promising anode material due to its high specific capacity. However, use entails irreversible losses and mechanical stress. Prelithiated (LiSiO) blended with graphite enables electrodes rather low losses, capacity, less such electrode formulations need further research, particularly implementing largescale production process. This work deals Gr/SiO negative containing 20 wt% in active mass. We investigate effects of different suspension on their rheological properties electrochemical performance electrodes. Our findings prove superior anodes made from LiSiO compared pristine SiO. we show that basicity suspensions causes challenges processability. The integration singlewalled carbon nanotubes is shown be essential counteracting adverse enabling enhanced adhesion, reduced stable cycling. A good cell demonstrated much 96.8 % provide insights into correlation between formulation, processability, blends, supporting development industrialscale processes.

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Negative electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries featuring a silicon-carbon composite as a negative active material layer. The electrode combines a crystalline carbon negative active material with a silicon-carbon composite, and is supported by a current collector. This composition provides enhanced thermal stability during charging and discharging compared to conventional materials, resulting in improved battery performance and reduced volume expansion.

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Lithium secondary battery with high energy density and improved cycle life by optimizing the charge/discharge behavior of the battery. The battery uses an overlithiated manganese oxide positive electrode material and a silicon-based negative electrode material. The overlithiated manganese oxide has a composition with >50 mol % Mn and >Li/Me ratio. The silicon negative electrode enables high capacity. The battery also satisfies a specific discharge behavior to balance energy density and cycle life.

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Composite particles for high capacity lithium-ion battery anodes that overcome the volume expansion and cycling issues of silicon anodes. The composite particles have electroactive domains (like silicon) within the internal pore volume of a porous particle framework. The framework prevents volume expansion and fracturing by confining the electroactive domains to smaller volumes. The framework also provides electrical contact to the current collector. The electroactive domains are separated by modifier domains (like passivation layers or pyrolytic carbon) to prevent electrical shorting.

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A negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries that achieves high energy density while preventing volume expansion during charging and discharging. The electrode combines a silicon-based active material with a conductive material like single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and a binder. The silicon-based material, comprising crystalline or amorphous silicon particles with controlled grain size, provides controlled expansion during charging while maintaining structural integrity. The SWCNTs enhance conductivity, while the binder maintains the silicon-based material's integrity. This composition enables high-capacity batteries with improved cycle life and reduced volume expansion issues compared to conventional silicon-based electrodes.

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Negative electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries featuring a silicon-based composite active material. The composite comprises a silicon-based active material, phenoxy resin, and carbon nanotubes in a weight ratio of 1:0.0013 to 1:0.01. The composite is used in a negative electrode active material layer, where it enhances electrical conductivity while maintaining structural integrity. The composite provides improved performance compared to conventional silicon-based materials.

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A negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries that improves both phase stability and charge/discharge efficiency. The material incorporates a calcium-containing inorganic layer on the surface of silicon-based particles, which prevents reaction with water and lithium compounds during slurry formation. The calcium layer also enhances passivation properties. This unique composition enables improved aqueous processability while maintaining high capacity and rate capability. The material can be formulated with a carbon layer on the surface of the silicon particles for enhanced conductivity. The combination of these layers provides a stable negative electrode with enhanced performance characteristics.

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Abstract Silicon is a promising anode for lithiumion batteries but suffers tremendous volume change during cycling. Scalable and lowcost fabrication of silicon anodes with minimized internal stress, avoiding electrode degradation capacity decline, remains significant challenge. Herein, planar demonstrates stress release in the at electrochemical cycling, which indicates favorable areal 3.4 mAh cm 2 stable specific 810 g 1 even after 600 cycles remarkable current density 3.6 A . Such good results are mainly ascribed to structure that changes expansion direction, enables relief electrode. In addition, provides abundant contact area, aligns stack then shortens ion diffusion. This work useful insights on through engineering revolutionizes traditional design batteries, ensuring energy storage devices transcend limitations.

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