Ionic Conductivity Improvement in Lithium Iron Phosphate EV Batteries at Low Temperature
Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries experience significant ionic conductivity degradation at temperatures below 0°C, with capacity retention dropping by 30-40% at -10°C and internal resistance increasing threefold compared to room temperature operation. This fundamental limitation stems from slowed lithium-ion diffusion kinetics within the electrode structure and across interfaces, resulting in reduced power delivery capabilities precisely when electric vehicles require additional energy for cabin heating.
The engineering challenge lies in enhancing low-temperature ionic mobility without compromising the inherent safety, cycle life, and cost advantages that make LFP chemistry attractive for mass-market electric vehicles.
This page brings together solutions from recent research—including carbon-nanotube enhanced conductive networks, polyaniline-modified cathode structures, dual-layer electrode configurations with optimized binder systems, and particle size distribution engineering. These and other approaches offer practical pathways to improve cold-weather performance while maintaining the manufacturing scalability required for automotive applications.
1. Lithium-Ion Battery Positive Electrode with Dual-Layer Lithium Iron Phosphate and Fluorine-Based Binder Configuration
LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD, 2024
A lithium-ion battery positive electrode with improved adhesion and flexibility, enabling high-load battery applications. The electrode structure comprises a current collector and two layers of lithium iron phosphate active material, with a fluorine-based binder and dispersant in each layer. The active material layers are formed on opposite sides of the current collector, with the binder and dispersant in the second layer having a specific weight ratio. The design combines a monolithic structure with strategically placed layers to enhance interfacial bonding and mechanical stability, while maintaining the benefits of lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode material.
2. Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathode with Polyaniline-Enhanced Conductivity and Ion Transport for Solid-State Batteries
TSINGHUA SHENZHEN INTERNATIONAL GRADUATE SCHOOL, 2023
Lithium iron phosphate cathode for solid-state batteries that combines enhanced electronic conductivity with improved ion transport properties. The cathode comprises lithium iron phosphate (LFP) particles, a binder, conductive carbon black, and a positive electrode additive that incorporates polyaniline (PANI) or doped PANI. The additive enhances electron transport within the cathode while reducing ion migration barriers, enabling stable matching between the LFP cathode and PVDF-based solid electrolyte. This design addresses the limitations of traditional LFP cathodes in solid-state batteries by incorporating conductive materials that facilitate both electron and ion transport.
3. Lithium-Ion Battery Electrode Slurry with Carbon-Coated Lithium Iron Phosphate and Molecular Weight-Specific Polyvinylidene Fluoride Binder
LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD, 2023
A lithium-ion battery positive electrode slurry composition that enables smooth electrode coating during manufacturing. The composition contains lithium iron phosphate cathode material with a carbonized surface layer, polyvinylidene fluoride binder, dispersant, and solvent. The binder polymer exhibits a specific molecular weight ratio that prevents gelation during processing, ensuring consistent electrode uniformity and coating quality. This composition enables precise electrode preparation while maintaining the structural integrity of the cathode material.
4. High Nickel Positive Electrode Material with Phosphate-Containing Additive and Polymer Binder
GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC, 2023
High nickel positive electrode material with improved thermal stability for lithium-ion batteries. The electrode uses a composition with high nickel content (>60 mol%) in the positive active material, including nickel-rich oxides like NMC, NMCA, or NCA. This provides high energy density and capacity retention, but nickel content negatively impacts thermal stability. The high nickel electrode composition aims to balance the benefits of high nickel with improved thermal stability. The electrode also uses a polymer binder and specific phosphate-containing positive material to further enhance thermal stability.
5. Production Process for Lithium-Ion Batteries with Enhanced Surface Area Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathodes and Optimized Current Collector Assemblies
ANHUI CHAOLI ELECTRONIC TECH CO LTD, 2023
A production process for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries that addresses existing limitations in terms of cycle life and energy density. The process involves a multi-step manufacturing sequence that enhances the performance of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes by optimizing their surface area and structural properties. The manufacturing sequence begins with the preparation of a specific surface area carbon-coated LFP cathode, followed by the creation of current collectors with optimized dimensions and surface treatments. The cathode and current collector assemblies are then compacted and slitted to increase energy density, and the resulting assemblies are wound into battery cells. The cells are then assembled into battery packs, with the battery cells stacked and sealed to form the final product.
6. Positive Electrode Sheet with Carbon Nanotube Coating and Dispersed Single-Walled Nanotubes on Lithium Iron Phosphate Active Material
XIAMEN KNANO GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGY CO LTD, 2023
Positive electrode sheet for lithium-ion batteries with enhanced conductivity and stability. The sheet comprises a current collector, a positive electrode active material, and a carbon nanotube (CNT) coating on the current collector surface. The active material contains lithium iron phosphate and dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes, with some nanotubes attached to the material surface. The CNT coating on the current collector enhances the three-dimensional network structure, while the active material maintains its conductivity properties. This configuration provides improved electron and ion transmission channels, particularly during long cycle discharges, while maintaining the stability of the battery.
7. Lithium Iron Phosphate Electrode Material with Defined Particle Size Distribution and Morphology Constraints
BYD COMPANY LTD, 2022
Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved energy density and cycle life compared to conventional LFP. The LFP powder is selected with specific particle size distributions to enable high compaction density, pore connectivity, and uniform dispersion in the electrode layer. The conditions are: 1.0-D10/D50 > 5, 0.5 > 1/3 φc + 0.8 Dmo ≤ 2.6, where D10, D50, D90 are particle size percentiles, φc is sphericity, and Dmo is max particle size. This optimized LFP powder allows higher compaction for better battery performance.
8. Positive Pole Piece for Lithium-Ion Batteries with Controlled Carbon Ratio and Particle Size Distribution
EVE POWER CO LTD, 2022
A positive pole piece for lithium-ion batteries that enhances performance through optimized material design and formulation. The pole piece comprises a current collector and an active material layer with LFP and adhesive binder, where the active material layer's carbon content ratio, binder content, and particle size distribution are precisely controlled. This configuration ensures optimal charge-discharge characteristics, high-temperature storage, and long-cycle performance while maintaining stability.
9. Lithium Iron Phosphate Electrode Sheet with Carbon-Coated Material and Specific Surface Coating Density
SHANGHAI LANJUN NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD, 2022
Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) positive electrode sheet for lithium-ion batteries that achieves improved performance through optimized material processing. The sheet comprises a current collector and a carbon-coated LiFePO4 material with a surface coating density of 10-26 mg/cm^2, along with conductive additives and binders. The carbon coating enhances LiFePO4 conductivity while maintaining surface density. The optimized material composition and processing conditions enable enhanced electrochemical performance, including improved kinetics and energy density, compared to conventional LiFePO4 electrodes.
10. Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Slurry Preparation Method with Controlled Particle Size and Mixing Parameters
HEBEI LINGDIAN NEW ENERGY TECH CO LTD, 2021
A lithium iron phosphate battery slurry preparation method for high-performance lithium iron phosphate batteries. The slurry preparation involves optimizing electrode material sizes and mixing methods to achieve uniform particle distribution, thin conductive networks, and optimal lithium ion storage properties. The method evaluates slurry characteristics such as fluidity, stability, and uniformity through controlled experiments to determine the optimal electrode material size and mixing parameters for achieving the desired battery performance.
11. Magnesium-Doped LiFePO4/C Composite with Controlled Doping Level and Specific Processing Sequence
Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, YANGZHOU POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, 2020
A magnesium-doped modified LiFePO4/C composite material for lithium-ion batteries that enhances electrical conductivity and improves charge/discharge efficiency. The composite comprises a magnesium-doped LiFePO4/C material, where the magnesium doping level is controlled to achieve optimal performance. The composite is prepared through a specific processing sequence involving a conductive agent, binder, and electrolyte, resulting in a high-performance cathode material for lithium-ion batteries.
12. Lithium Iron Phosphate 18650 Battery with Optimized Cathode Morphology and Enhanced Thermal Management System
HVVEA AMPEREX CO LTD, 2018
High-safety, high-energy, long-cycle lithium iron phosphate 18650 lithium battery with enhanced thermal stability and low-temperature performance. The battery features a lithium iron phosphate cathode with optimized particle morphology, enhanced thermal management system, and improved mechanical structure. The design addresses critical issues such as thermal runaway and fire risk in lithium iron phosphate batteries, while maintaining high energy density and long cycle life.
13. Composite Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathode with Uniform Particle Size and Nano-Conductive Carbon Coating
LASTING BRILLIANCE NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CO LID, 2018
Composite lithium iron phosphate cathode material and positive electrode sheets for lithium-ion batteries, featuring a unique combination of uniform particle size and nano-conductive carbon layers. The material comprises a lithium iron phosphate cathode material with a specific particle size distribution, followed by a nano-conductive carbon coating to enhance conductivity. The cathode material is formulated with a binder and conductive carbon, which are combined in specific proportions to achieve optimal mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. The resulting composite material enables improved battery performance, particularly in high-voltage applications, through enhanced ion conduction and mechanical integrity.
14. Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Material Comprising Specific Component Composition and Preparation Method
BEIJING NAT BATTERY TECH CO LTD, 2018
Lithium-ion battery cathode material and method for preparing the same, and lithium-ion battery. The lithium-ion battery cathode material and method for preparing the same, and lithium-ion battery, particularly for lithium iron phosphate cathodes, improves electrochemical performance by optimizing the composition of the cathode material components, including lithium iron phosphate, conductive agent, binder, and dispersant.
15. Method for Forming Conductive Network in Cathode Material Using Carbon Nanotubes and Dispersant
LG CHEM LTD, 2017
Method for enhancing lithium-ion battery performance through improved electrode conductivity. The method involves creating a conductive network within the cathode active material by incorporating carbon nanotubes and a dispersant during the cathode material synthesis process. The dispersed carbon nanotubes form a conductive network across the cathode material surface, enabling efficient electrical pathways between active material particles. This network is then applied to the cathode material layer during electrode assembly, resulting in a conductive electrode structure that enhances battery performance characteristics such as voltage, capacity, and cycle life.
16. Rechargeable Lithium Battery with Activated Carbon-Enhanced Lithium Metal Anode and Specific Particle Size Distribution
SAMSUNG SDI CO LTD, 2015
Rechargeable lithium battery with enhanced power and cycle life characteristics through the controlled addition of activated carbon to a lithium metal anode. The battery features a positive electrode with a lithium iron phosphate-based compound and an anode with a controlled particle size ratio of activated carbon to the compound, where the carbon particle diameter is between 1000% and 3000% of the compound particle diameter. This specific particle size distribution enables improved lithium ion intercalation and deintercalation rates, leading to enhanced power density and cycle life.
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