Magnesium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles

Long-life electrolyte for magnesium secondary batteries that enables high-rate operation and improved cycle life compared to conventional magnesium battery electrolytes. The electrolyte contains a magnesium salt dissolved in an organic solvent, with additives like silanes or siloxanes. These additives regulate the solvation structure of magnesium ions, form a stable solid electrolyte interface, and reduce overpotential at the magnesium anode. They also improve battery performance by forming a cross-linked network at the interface.

Source

A new type of magnesium metal battery using a non-nucleophilic electrolyte that improves cycle life, reduces overpotential, and allows better compatibility with sulfur cathodes compared to existing non-nucleophilic magnesium battery electrolytes. The electrolyte contains magnesium bis(hexamethyldisilazide) (Mg(HMDS)2), aluminum chloride (AlCl3), and iodine (I2) in specific concentrations. The iodine reacts at the magnesium anode interface to form a protective film that stabilizes the electrode/electrolyte interface and prevents passivation.

Source

Non-aqueous magnesium electrolyte for rechargeable magnesium batteries with improved magnesium deposition/dissolution performance. The electrolyte contains an organic magnesium salt, amine additive, strong reducing additive, and an ether organic solvent. The amine additive prevents water from coordinating with magnesium ions and passivating the electrode. The strong reducing additive eliminates water and other impurities. This synergy enables efficient magnesium deposition/dissolution with low overpotential and improved Coulombic efficiency compared to bare magnesium salts.

Source

Wide potential aqueous magnesium ion battery electrolyte for use in aqueous magnesium ion batteries, particularly with low potential anodes like TiO2. The electrolyte contains magnesium chloride, water, and polyethylene glycol. The concentration of magnesium chloride is 2 mol/kg, the water and polyethylene glycol weight percentage is 75%. This electrolyte allows stable operation of low potential anodes like TiO2 in magnesium ion batteries by providing wide electrochemical stability.

Source

Magnesium ion secondary battery with reversible magnesium dissolution during charging/discharging. The battery uses a magnesium alloy with a eutectic mixture of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) and body-centered cubic (bcc) structures to expose active surfaces. The electrolyte contains glyme solvent, magnesium salt, and boron hydride additive. This allows reversible magnesium elution precipitation during cycling. The magnesium alloy contains lithium in a range to stabilize the eutectic mixture.

Source

Electrolyte for rechargeable magnesium batteries that provides high stability, ionic conductivity, and compatibility with magnesium metal anodes. The electrolyte contains a specific salt, [MgxM2xTPy][Mg(ORf)3Qz], where x, y, and z are integers, M is a -1 valence ion, Rf is a partially or fully fluorinated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group, and P and Q are complexing agents. The electrolyte is prepared by mixing Mg(ORf)2 and anhydrous MgM2 with a non-aqueous solvent at 25-100°C.

Source

Magnesium battery electrolyte containing hexafluoroisopropyl magnesium salt in organic solvents like tetrahydropyran, Glyme, diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, carbonic acid esters, and carbonate esters. The electrolyte can be prepared by dissolving the magnesium salt in the organic solvent under inert atmosphere. It enables effective deposition and dissolution of magnesium ions without passivation layers, allowing high-performance magnesium batteries.

Source

Rechargeable magnesium battery electrolyte containing organic amine additive with improved performance compared to traditional electrolytes for magnesium batteries. The electrolyte composition includes magnesium salts, an activator, an organic amine additive, and anhydrous oxygen-free organic solvent. The organic amine additive helps to improve the magnesium ion dissolution and deposition properties in the electrolyte, enabling reversible magnesium plating/stripping. The additive also enhances electrolyte conductivity. The electrolyte composition allows stable cycling of magnesium anodes in batteries without passivation layers forming.

Source

Magnesium battery electrolyte with improved water resistance and impurity tolerance to enable stable cycling of magnesium batteries. The electrolyte is a non-aqueous solvent containing a specific electrolyte salt. The solvent is an ether like tetrahydrofuran or ethylene glycol dimethyl ether. The electrolyte salt has a composition like [Mg(Linoxo)(HMDS)2m+noRp]·Mq,in, where Lin is lithium, Rp is an organic group, and Mq,in are manganese and indium. This electrolyte allows reversible magnesium deposition/dissolution without passivation layers, reducing overpotential and improving cycling compared to aqueous or inorganic electrolytes.

Source

Protective coating for magnesium anodes in batteries to enable stable cycling and improve capacity. The coating is a layer of silylated cellulose, which is cellulose treated with silicon compounds. The coating is applied to the magnesium anode surface and contains solvated ion-conducting additives. The solvent solvates the additives and also acts as an electrolyte. The silylated cellulose coating with embedded solvated additives provides a protective barrier for the magnesium anode that allows ionic conduction.

Source

Electrolyte for magnesium ion batteries that improves performance by preventing passivation of the magnesium anode and enhancing ion conductivity. The electrolyte contains imidazole additives like 1-methylimidazole that regulate the solvation structure of the electrolyte. This reduces interaction between anions and magnesium ions, preventing anode passivation and enabling faster magnesium ion transfer. The imidazole additives also improve ionic conductivity. The additives are mixed with non-aqueous solvents like ionic liquids to prepare the electrolyte.

Source

Magnesium ion/alkali metal ion-hybrid secondary battery that can be charged and discharged at a higher voltage, has a high capacity and excellent cycle characteristics, and a non-aqueous electrolyte suitable as an electrolyte for this secondary battery. The battery includes a positive electrode layer containing an alkali metal, a negative electrode layer containing at least one of magnesium and a magnesium alloy, and a gap between the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer.

Source

Electrolyte composition for magnesium-ion batteries that enables high-current magnesium storage in cathodes. The electrolyte contains a boron-based magnesium salt, an organic ether solvent, and an additive with a different anion. This electrolyte promotes magnesium desolvation, improves compatibility with cathode materials, and enhances high-current magnesium storage performance compared to conventional chlorine-based electrolytes.

Source

Magnesium battery electrolyte with improved performance for reversible deposition-dissolution of magnesium, reduced overpotential, and water resistance. The electrolyte contains a magnesium salt like (TFSI)2Mg and an electron-deficient boron compound. The boron compound peels off passivation layers on the magnesium anode and improves magnesium reversibility. It also enhances water resistance of the electrolyte. The magnesium salt concentration is 0.1-3 M and the boron compound is 0.1-3 M.

Source

A non-nucleophilic electrolyte for magnesium secondary batteries that generates magnesium salt in situ to prevent passivation of the magnesium anode and enable use of non-nucleophilic electrolytes with positive electrode materials like sulfur-carbon composites. The electrolyte contains aluminum trichloride, metal chlorides like copper, chromium, or tin chlorides, and an organic solvent like ethylene glycol dimethyl ether. The aluminum trichloride concentration is 0.1-2 mol/L and the metal chloride concentration is 0.005-1 mol/L. This electrolyte avoids passivation of the magnesium anode and enables use of non-nucleophilic electrolytes with positive electrode materials like sulfur-carbon

Source

Rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries with improved capacity, cycle life, and rate performance compared to conventional magnesium-ion batteries. The improvement comes from adding metal ions like manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, or silver to the electrolyte. This reduces magnesium ion solvation, allowing more exposed magnesium ions to react with the electrode materials. The desolvated magnesium ions can then rapidly migrate into the electrodes, enhancing capacity, and maintain structural stability for better cycle life and rate performance.

Source

Wide potential window rechargeable magnesium battery electrolyte with improved oxidation stability beyond 4V vs. Mg/Mg2+. The electrolyte contains double organic magnesium salts like borates and alumnates, double organic solvents like chain ethers and fluorinated ethers, and a sulfonamide additive. This composition enables reversible magnesium deposition-dissolution with high oxidation stability. It improves the electrolyte's performance by providing active magnesium ions, enhancing solubility, adjusting solvation structures, and inhibiting passivation.

Source

Electrolyte solution for magnesium batteries that reduces overvoltage and improves utilization of the magnesium anode. The electrolyte contains a magnesium salt with halide ions, a borate salt, and an organic solvent like cyclic carbonates. The borate additive reduces overvoltage on the magnesium anode compared to using just the magnesium salt. The cyclic carbonate solvent helps stabilize the electrolyte and improves performance.

Source

Positive electrode material for high-capacity non-water magnesium batteries that enables faster diffusion of magnesium ions, high reversible capacity, and high reaction potential. The positive electrode contains layered nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) as the active material. This layered structure allows occlusion and release of magnesium ions between the layers. It addresses the slow diffusion of multivalent ions like magnesium in positive electrodes. The layered nickel oxyhydroxide enables better magnesium ion mobility compared to other forms of nickel oxyhydroxide, enabling high-capacity magnesium batteries.

Source

Non-aqueous electrolyte solution and magnesium secondary battery for improving oxidation resistance and Coulomb efficiency of magnesium batteries. The electrolyte contains a glyme solvent, magnesium salt, and an alkylated hydroxytoluene additive. The alkylated hydroxytoluene improves oxidation resistance, while controlling its content allows balancing oxidation resistance and Coulomb efficiency. The glyme solvent has low viscosity for good conductivity. Magnesium salts with certain anions like Cl- are used.

Source

A new type of water-based magnesium metal secondary battery that can be cycled and has higher specific energy compared to primary water-based magnesium batteries. The battery uses a magnesium alloy anode that is less prone to oxidation compared to pure magnesium. An electrolyte containing a magnesium salt and iodine is used. The alloy and electrolyte preparation involves ultrasonication to dissolve the magnesium salt and iodine. The resulting battery has improved cycle life compared to water-based magnesium batteries due to the in-situ formation of an ion-conducting layer at the alloy anode interface.

Source

A chargeable and dischargeable aqueous solution energy storage device with high voltage and energy density for applications like power storage and release. The device uses a magnesium salt aqueous electrolyte containing organic additives instead of flammable organic solvents. The electrolyte enables high voltage and energy density magnesium batteries with improved cycle life. The negative electrode is magnesium or magnesium alloy, and the positive electrode is a reversible ion adsorber like carbon, oxide, polymer, or intercalation compound.

Source

An all-inorganic salt type electrolyte for rechargeable magnesium batteries that enables reversible magnesium plating/stripping. The electrolyte composition includes specific inorganic salts, co-solvent, activator, and additive. The electrolyte preparation involves mixing the components in an anhydrous and oxygen-free solvent. The selected inorganic salts are magnesium chloride, lithium chloride, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride. The activator can be methyl chloride, zinc chloride, or ferric chloride. The additives are heptamethyldisilazane, tert-butyldimethylsilylimidazole, trimethylsilylamine, and bis(dimethylamino)dimethylsil

Source

Aqueous magnesium battery design with improved cycle life and capacity retention. The battery has specific electrolyte composition, cell geometry, and construction to mitigate issues like dendrite formation and capacity fade. The electrolyte contains 7.2-9.1 mol H/mol Mg, and pre-reaction electrolyte is injected during charging. The cell has a narrower gap near the negative electrode tab to prevent dendrites. The electrolyte tank is wider at the top to prevent air ingress. One wall is inclined with an air electrode and a metal negative electrode between the walls.

Source

Electrolyte solution for magnesium secondary batteries that improves cycle life and reduces overvoltage compared to conventional electrolytes. The electrolyte contains a magnesium salt, nitrile solvent, and crown ether. The crown ether modifies the magnesium surface to prevent oxide formation, mitigating the negative effects of increased magnesium content. The nitrile solvent facilitates electrochemical reactions. Using this electrolyte in magnesium secondary batteries with high magnesium content negative electrodes enables better capacity and cycle performance compared to traditional electrolytes.

Source

An all-organic magnesium ion battery with improved cycle life, rate performance, and voltage compared to existing magnesium batteries. The battery uses organic polymer electrodes instead of traditional inorganic intercalation materials. The positive electrode is based on P-type organic molecules that reversibly lose/gain electrons to form stable cationic radicals. During charging, electrons are lost and anions are combined to balance charge. During discharge, electrons return and anions are released. This anion binding/removal mechanism avoids issues like slow intercalation and structure collapse seen with inorganic intercalation materials. The organic polymer electrodes have high capacity, rate performance, and cycle stability.

Source

Magnesium sulfide material, magnesium sulfide composite material, positive electrode for secondary batteries, magnesium secondary batteries, and wide band gap semiconductor materials with improved characteristics for applications like batteries, electronics, and sensors. The materials have magnesium sulfide with a zinc blende crystal structure. This structure forms during discharge of magnesium sulfide in batteries, or by heating sulfur and magnesium. It has better ionic conductivity, charge capacity, and stability compared to other magnesium sulfide forms. The materials can be produced by discharging magnesium sulfide in an electrolyte containing magnesium salt.

Source

Magnesium sulfide materials, composites, batteries, and manufacturing methods for magnesium sulfide with improved electrochemical properties for magnesium batteries. The magnesium sulfide has a zinc blende crystal structure instead of the sodium chloride structure found in natural magnesium sulfide. This zinc blende magnesium sulfide shows higher ionic conductivity and electrochemical desorption of magnesium ions, enabling improved performance in magnesium batteries. The manufacturing method involves forming a sulfur layer between electrodes in a magnesium salt electrolyte, then generating a discharge to convert the sulfur to zinc blende magnesium sulfide.

Source

Magnesium-ion batteries with mechanically flexible electrodes and a polymer gel electrolyte that avoids unwanted redox reactions between the electrodes and electrolyte. The batteries have solid, flexible anodes and cathodes made from materials like bismuth nanotubes and tungsten disulfide, respectively. The electrodes are mixed with an electrolyte binder to form the active electrode material. The polymer gel electrolyte contains magnesium perchlorate. This configuration allows the batteries to operate without significant redox reactions between the electrodes and electrolyte, which can degrade performance. The flexible electrodes and electrolyte enable flexible battery designs.

Source

Magnesium ion hybrid supercapacitor with improved energy density compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries. The supercapacitor uses magnesium-based materials for reversible deposition/dissolution of magnesium ions. The cathode contains magnesium-based composites like graphene/Mg, carbon fiber/Mg, or CNT/Mg. The electrolyte uses magnesium salts like Mg(TFSI)2 or Mg(CF3SO3)2. This allows magnesium ion storage instead of lithium, addressing the issue of lithium resource constraints. The magnesium-based materials in the cathode provide reversible deposition/dissolution of magnesium ions, improving energy density compared to lithium-ion batteries.

Source

Alkali metal ion battery with improved discharge capacity and charge/discharge efficiency. The battery contains a negative electrode with magnesium and a sulfide solid electrolyte. The sulfide solid electrolyte prevents the formation of a film of precipitates derived from the electrolyte on the magnesium surface. This allows reversible ion reaction with the magnesium and improves discharge capacity and efficiency compared to using magnesium with a regular non-aqueous electrolyte.

Source

Rechargeable magnesium battery with improved cycling performance and capacity compared to conventional magnesium batteries. The battery uses nano-copper selenide as the positive electrode active material, magnesium as the negative electrode, and a specific electrolyte composition of Mg(AlCl2EtBu)2/THF with a concentration of 0.25M. This battery configuration provides higher capacity and cycling stability compared to conventional magnesium batteries.

Source

A non-aqueous electrolyte for magnesium secondary batteries with improved performance and reduced safety risks compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries. The electrolyte contains a non-aqueous organic solvent, an inorganic magnesium salt like MgF2, MgO or Mg3N2, and an organoborane like tris(hexafluoroisopropyl) borate or tris(pentafluorobenzene) boron. The organoborane dissociates the magnesium salt into active species for better magnesium deposition and dissolution. The selected magnesium salts without chloride, fluorinated borates, and ether solvents reduce corrosion and improve performance compared to conventional lithium batteries.

Source

Vanadium sulfide (VS4) and VS4/graphene nanocomposite as low-cost, stable, and efficient cathode materials for magnesium batteries. The vanadium sulfide has a structure that allows reversible electrochemical insertion and extraction of magnesium ions. The nanocomposite has vanadium sulfide particles on reduced graphene oxide for improved stability. The magnesium secondary battery using these cathode materials shows excellent electrochemical stability, cycle life, and efficiency compared to existing cathode materials like molybdenum sulfide. The battery can be used in magnesium-ion batteries for applications like electric vehicles, energy storage, and sensors.

Source

High energy density magnesium-ion batteries using improved active materials in the electrodes. The batteries have higher energy density compared to lithium-ion batteries due to magnesium ions carrying two charges. The active materials in the electrodes are compounds from Group 15 of the periodic table, like chalcogenides of bismuth. Using these materials in the electrodes allows better utilization of the high capacity magnesium ions in the battery. The batteries have a magnesium salt electrolyte and can use metallic magnesium or magnesium alloys as the negative electrode material.

Source

Magnesium battery electrolyte for high performance magnesium ion batteries. The electrolyte contains a specific compound represented by the general formula (I), along with an additive and solvent. The compound improves magnesium ion conductivity compared to traditional aprotic electrolytes. It contains a benzene ring with substituents like fluoro, chloro, or methoxy groups. The additive and solvent are selected to enhance battery performance. This electrolyte enables better magnesium ion passivation, enabling longer cycle life and higher capacity magnesium batteries.

Source

Electrolyte for rechargeable magnesium batteries with improved cycle life and low cost. The electrolyte contains magnesium trifluoromethanesulfonate and aluminum trichloride in a specific molar ratio (1:1-5) dissolved in an organic solvent. The concentration of magnesium ions is 0.1-2 mol/L. This electrolyte provides high anodic oxidation decomposition potential, conductivity, and magnesium deposition-dissolution efficiency on non-inert metals like stainless steel. It enables stable cycling and reduces dendrite formation compared to conventional electrolytes.

Source

Electrolyte for rechargeable magnesium batteries that provides high capacity, long cycle life, and low cost compared to existing electrolytes. The electrolyte contains magnesia (Mg) as the solvent, magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and/or aluminum chloride (AlCl3) as solutes, and bis(diisopropylamino)magnesium (Mg(DIPA)2) as an additive. This electrolyte enables reversible magnesium deposition-dissolution, improves cycling stability, and reduces decomposition potential compared to other magnesium electrolytes. The Mg-based electrolyte allows using high-capacity sulfur cathodes in rechargeable magnesium batteries.

Source

Electrolyte solution for magnesium ion batteries that allows high current density, reversible magnesium dissolution and precipitation, stability, and safety compared to existing solutions. The electrolyte contains a magnesium salt with specific anions like alkoxy, aryloxy, or carbonyl derivatives. The anion structure enables fast, stable magnesium ion cycling and high current density without passivation layers. It also improves stability and safety compared to flammable or hazardous solvents used in prior art.

Source

Magnesium secondary battery with improved cycle life and capacity retention. The battery uses a negative electrode with Mg-Sn alloy instead of Sn-based materials that degrade rapidly during cycling. This prevents the capacity fade issue seen in Sn negative electrodes. The Mg-Sn alloy negative electrode allows reversible magnesium insertion/extraction for charging/discharging.

Source

Positive electrode material for multivalent-ion secondary batteries like magnesium-ion batteries that improves battery characteristics. The material is a sulfur-coated polyethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT) conductive polymer doped with a sulfonic acid compound. This coating on the sulfur particle surface enhances battery performance compared to plain sulfur. The coated sulfur can be used in the positive electrode along with other components like carbon, binders, and conductive agents. The coated sulfur improves electric capacity, initial capacity, and capacity retention. The electrolyte contains a sulfone-based solvent and a multivalent metal salt like magnesium.

Source

High energy density magnesium battery with conversion reaction based positive electrode using transition metal sulfides or fluorides, lithium-magnesium double salt electrolyte, and magnesium or magnesium alloy as negative electrode. The conversion reaction driven by lithium ions allows multi-electron processes with favorable kinetics, enabling higher energy density compared to single electron intercalation reactions. The double salt electrolyte containing magnesium and lithium salts allows the use of cathode materials from lithium-ion batteries and prevents negative electrode dendrites.

Source

Magnesium secondary batteries with high voltage operation and non-aqueous electrolytes for magnesium batteries that enable high voltage operation. The batteries use specific solvents in the electrolyte, such as mixed sulfone and ether/thioether solvents, to improve magnesium ion diffusion and reduce voltage overpotential. The solvents contain sulfone groups and either ether or thioether groups.

Source

Electrolyte solution for magnesium rechargeable batteries that enables stable cycling of magnesium metal cathodes. The electrolyte uses cyclic esters like carbonate esters as the solvent instead of the typical ether-based electrolytes. The cyclic ester solvent allows higher oxidation resistance compared to ethers, preventing oxidation disassembly of the electrolyte at higher voltages. This enables designing magnesium batteries with higher practical use voltages beyond 3V for improved energy density. The cyclic ester solvent also dissolves magnesium salts like trifluoroacetic magnesium for the electrolyte.

Source

Active material for rechargeable magnesium batteries that has higher energy density compared to conventional magnesium batteries. The active material is a tin-based composition like MgxSn where 0 < x < 2. This allows full utilization of the high charge capacity of magnesium ions compared to lithium ions. The tin-based anode material provides improved energy density for magnesium ion batteries compared to other anode materials. The tin composition can vary with x to optimize magnesium content. The tin-based active material can be used in the cathode or anode of magnesium batteries to enhance energy density.

Source

Mono-nuclei cationized magnesium salts for use in rechargeable magnesium batteries that overcome the issue of passivation layers on magnesium electrodes. The salts have a unique chemical formula MgRnMX4-mYm, where R is a solvent molecule, M is Al or B, X is a halide, Y is a halogenoid, n is 0-6, and m is 0-4. They are synthesized by reacting Lewis acidic Mg2+ with Lewis basic Al3+/B3+ in a solvent. The salts can dissolve in non-aqueous solvents like organic solvents or ionic liquids to make the electrolyte for magnesium batteries, allowing reversible magnesium ion deposition and dissolution.

Source

Rechargeable magnesium battery with high energy density and safety for electric vehicles and grid storage. The battery uses a Prussian blue cathode with an open framework structure that allows fast reversible insertion and extraction of magnesium ions. The anode is a magnesium metal or alloy. The electrolyte is a magnesium salt in a non-aqueous ether solvent. The open framework Prussian blue cathode enables high capacity and cycling stability for the magnesium battery. The open framework allows rapid reversible insertion/extraction of magnesium ions.

Source

Electrolysis solution and electrochemistry device for improving cycling performance of magnesium batteries. The solution contains a sulfur scavenger additive that captures sulfur species generated during charge/discharge cycles. This prevents sulfur from diffusing to the cathode interface where it corrodes the magnesium electrode material. The scavenger additive mitigates sulfur degradation and improves cycling characteristics of magnesium batteries.

Source

Magnesium battery that can be stored for a long time and used in cold environments by using a unique dual-casing design. The battery has an inner casing containing the electrodes and an outer casing filled with a dispersion medium. If pressure is applied to the outer casing, it breaks and the dispersion medium invades the inner casing. This mixes with the electrolyte to form a functional electrolyte solution. This allows long-term storage without contact between the electrodes and electrolyte, preventing corrosion. In cold environments, the battery can still operate as the frozen outer medium won't affect the functional electrolyte inside.

Source

Magnesium battery that can be stored for long periods and used in cold regions, as well as a power generation device using this battery. The battery has an electrolyte solution that is a mixture of the dispersion medium used in the electrode preparation and the electrolyte. This allows long-term storage without contact between the electrodes and the electrolyte, preventing freezing in cold temperatures. It also prevents prolonged contact between the electrodes and electrolyte during storage, preventing degradation.

Source