High-Capacity Design for EV Batteries

This study advances anode-free lithium-metal batteries (AFLMBs) by integrating nickel-rich NMC90 cathodes and fluorine-rich electrolytes in large-format 18650 cylindrical cells. A key innovation is the incorporation of 10 wt % Li-rich Li2NiO2 as a prelithiation agent cathode, which mitigates initial lithium-loss improves Coulombic efficiency. The electrolyte includes 30% (v/v) fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) cosolvent, suppresses inactive lithium deposition stabilizes solid interphase (SEI). Unlike conventional AFLMBs that require external pressure, this work uses stainless-steel casing with tailored jelly roll configuration to mechanically regulate plating. optimized cells deliver an energy density 320 Wh/kg, maintain stable cycling over 140 cycles, support 4C-rate operation. Post-mortem analysis reveals LiF-rich SEI extends cycle life, while operando X-ray diffraction provides insights into structural evolution. research offers scalable strategy for high-energy through synergy prelithiation, design, mechanical stabilization.

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The performance of lithium metal batteries is significantly affected by temperature variations, which makes it challenging for them to operate across a wide range. Herein, widetemperature adaption electrolyte proposed, enabling excellent electrochemical from 40 C 60 C. Large, 5.8 Ah pouch cells employing such an achieve high energy density 503.3 Wh kg1 at 25 with lifespan 260 cycles and outstanding 339 critical role the solid interphase (SEI) in determining temperaturedependent unveiled. It demonstrated that LiFrich, anionderived SEI facilitates Li+ diffusion SEI. Moreover, accelerated desolvation observed. These two aspects promote kinetics anodes further inhibit dendrite growth low temperatures. This work showcases importance understating chemistry enable batteries.

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Nanostructured materials for improved lithium-ion battery anodes. The materials are carbon-comprising, silicon-based nanostructures like nanowires, nanoparticles, or nanostructures on a carbon substrate. These nanostructures have desirable properties like high capacity, fast charging, and cycling stability compared to bulk silicon. They can be added to battery slurries at low weight percentages to replace some graphite. The nanostructures can also have carbon coatings to further enhance performance. The nanostructures are suitable for high aspect ratio silicon nanowires with diameters below 500 nm and lengths below 50 microns.

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Method to produce high capacity and high output lithium-ion battery cathodes using lithium-nickel oxide. The method involves mixing lithium-nickel oxide with tungsten oxide powder at moderate temperatures (30-65°C) while adding enough water to disperse the tungsten. This creates a tungsten-coated lithium-nickel oxide powder. Heat treating this powder forms lithium-tungsten compounds on the lithium-nickel oxide surface. This tungsten coating improves battery capacity and reduces resistance compared to uncoated lithium-nickel oxide.

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Battery electrode plate design for improved lithium-ion battery performance by controlling pore distribution. The electrode plate has a specific ratio of pore sizes in the active material and solid electrolyte particles. The active material pores are larger and fewer, while the solid electrolyte has smaller pores. This reduces closed holes and allows more effective lithium-ion transport paths. The electrode plate composition has a solid electrolyte mass fraction of 0.3-5% and matching particle sizes with the active material.

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Anode material and battery with improved cycling stability, capacity, and expansion for lithium-ion batteries. The anode material has controlled crystallization instability to reduce grain boundary energy, stress concentration, and expansion. It involves a two-step sintering process followed by carbon coating. The first sintering reduces grain size by limiting growth. The second sintering disproportionates silicon oxide to further reduce grain size. Carbon coating fills pores and surfaces to improve conductivity and relieve expansion. The controlled crystallization instability degree of 0.01-500 improves cycling performance.

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Electrolytes for metal-ion batteries like lithium-ion batteries that improve stability and performance of high capacity electrodes like silicon anodes. The electrolytes contain additives like iodine, iodine-containing salts, and fluorosilicates to enhance solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) stability and Coulombic efficiency (CE). These additives reduce solvent permeation, improve mechanical properties, and facilitate lithium transport through the SEI. They also reduce dendrite growth on lithium metal anodes. The electrolytes can contain multiple salts like lithium salts, alkaline earth salts, and fluorosilicates. The total concentration of additives is optimized for performance.

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Manufacturing lithium secondary batteries with enhanced capacity retention and reduced gas generation through controlled activation. The method employs constant current charging until the charge cut-off voltage, followed by constant voltage charging. This approach prevents premature activation of the lithium-rich manganese-based oxide (LiMn2O3) phase during activation, which typically leads to abnormal capacity behavior and gas generation. The activation process is performed under pressurization conditions to minimize non-activated Li2MnO3 phase formation and prevent lithium precipitation.

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Layout of a battery system in an electric vehicle to increase storage capacity without sacrificing space inside the main cabin. The vehicle has two battery housings, one on each side of the vehicle, that overlap and are offset in the front-rear direction. This allows more batteries to be housed outside the cabin compared to just having a single battery pack under the seat. It also provides some visual benefits by improving forward visibility for the driver due to the front-rear offset and angled upper housing.

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Rechargeable lithium battery with improved cycle life and capacity by using a specific composition of particle sizes in the positive electrode. The electrode contains small 1-8 um monolithic particles and larger 10-20 um secondary particles, both containing nickel-based lithium oxide. This mixture with a density over 3.4 g/cc has an X-ray diffraction peak intensity ratio over 3. It provides high capacity and cycle life by reducing side reactions, improving efficiency and temperature stability.

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Silicon carbon composite for high-performance negative electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. The composite has a specific ratio of peak intensities in a 29Si NMR spectrum. The ratio is 1.3-4, where peaks A, B, and C represent chemical shifts of 20-15 ppm, -20 to -100 ppm, and -110 to -140 ppm, respectively. The composite is formed by heat treating silicon oxide, etching, pulverizing, and reacting with carbon. This composition provides improved capacity, efficiency, and water-based processability compared to silicon-carbon composites without the specific NMR peak ratio.

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Battery architecture for long duration energy storage (LODES) applications that allows operation at high capacity and low self-discharge rates. The batteries have open cell designs where the electrolyte separates the metal and air electrodes. This prevents direct contact between the metal and oxygen in sealed batteries. The electrolyte also has low oxygen solubility and carbonate levels. This prevents parasitic discharge of the metal electrode and oxygen barrier. The metal electrode can be submerged or removed from the electrolyte using pumps, bladders, or lifts to balance capacity and self-discharge.

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A rechargeable lithium battery with improved cycling performance and capacity retention. The battery uses a unique negative electrode active material composition. It combines rod-shaped artificial graphite with a specific diameter and aspect ratio, along with a silicon-carbon composite. This mixture provides a balance between capacity and cycling stability compared to using just the graphite or just the silicon-carbon composite. The rod-shaped graphite improves cycling stability while the silicon-carbon composite provides capacity.

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Electric vehicle structure that increases range by maximizing battery capacity while minimizing weight and maintaining crashworthiness. The structure uses integrated battery modules and cross members to pack more batteries without adding much body weight. The design involves side sills, a floor panel, a battery tray, an integrated-battery front cross member, and a dash cross member. The integrated-battery front cross member connects the battery tray and front of the floor panel to form a continuous frame. This allows stacking more batteries in the tray without increasing body weight. The dash cross member connects the floor and front of the integrated-battery member. This provides crash protection while enabling more batteries in the front. The integrated battery frame and cross members distribute forces to the body and side sills, allowing more battery capacity.

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Battery packs for metal-air batteries that enable higher voltage and capacity through dynamic switching between series and parallel configurations. The pack comprises air channels, electrolyte channels, and electronic circuitry to manage the battery cells. The circuitry dynamically switches between series and parallel connections for the individual cells, enabling voltage increases while maintaining capacity. The pack also incorporates air intake and output systems to maintain ambient oxygen levels. This configuration allows for battery packs with multiple voltage levels, enabling applications beyond simple battery packs.

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Carbonaceous material, production method, electrode active material, electrode, and electrochemical device for high performance electrochemical devices like batteries and capacitors. The carbonaceous material has a specific surface area of 1550-2500 m2/g, oxygen/hydrogen content of 1.00-2.10 mg/m2, and electrical conductivity of 10-15 S/cm. The production involves heating the precursor to 330°C under oxygen, then cooling under inert gas to reduce surface oxygen. This prevents pore shrinkage while reducing intra-skeletal oxygen. The final heat treatment under oxygen is critical, followed by cooling under inert gas. The resulting carbon has high capacitance, gas suppression, and durability.

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A layout for an electrical power supply system in a vehicle that increases battery capacity without taking up more space inside the vehicle. The layout involves having separate battery housings, one on each side of the vehicle, that partially overlap. This allows multiple battery modules in each housing to be arranged in groups. By having separate housings that can be spaced apart, it's possible to fit more battery capacity compared to if all the batteries had to be inside the main vehicle body.

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In-vehicle electric power storage system with parallel coupled high-capacity and high-output batteries, allowing stable battery outputting. The high-capacity battery set has higher capacity but lower output than the high-output set. When the high-capacity battery voltage drops close to a threshold, it is disconnected and the high-output battery continues powering. This prevents sudden output drops when switching between batteries.

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Method to produce partially reacted silicon layers for lithium batteries with controlled lithium intercalation capacity. The method involves depositing a thin layer of silicon on a substrate, followed by accelerated annealing to partially react the silicon with the substrate metal. This process is repeated multiple times to build up a multi-stratum structure of partially reacted silicon. By controlling the annealing conditions and adding metal to each layer, the resulting anode has a gradual transition from silicon to silicide with high capacity silicon near the surface and stable adhesion near the substrate.

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Battery module design that allows increasing battery capacity without significantly increasing height. The module has two cell sets stacked back-to-back, with poles extending laterally. A central connector assembly (CCS) runs around the perimeter of the cell sets, extending in the stacking direction. It connects the cells electrically, allows temperature and voltage monitoring, and replaces the need for stacking more cells vertically. This reduces height compared to stacking more cells.

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