Dual-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles

Battery design with improved energy density and cycle life for electric vehicles. The battery contains a specific positive electrode active material formula, Li x(NiaCobMnc)1-dMdO2-yAy, where x is 0.2-1.2, 0.6≤a≤1, 0≤b≤0.2, 0≤c≤0.4, 0≤d≤1, 0≤y≤2, M is Al, Mg, Fe, Cu, V, Ti, Zr, W, Sb, Dy, Te, and A is P, S, halogens. The battery also has an electrolyte with controlled free electrolyte-to-capacity ratio (KEL≤1.9g/Ah) and electrode stack volume utilization (η≥0.8).

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Battery with enhanced capacity and reduced internal resistance for applications like electric vehicles and energy storage. The battery uses a blended cathode with layered oxides of lithium and sodium, a fused sodium-lithium anode, and a multi-ion conducting electrolyte sandwiched between them. This allows synergistic dual-ion conduction (Li and Na) for high performance and safety. The blended cathode uses oxides of both metals, and the electrolyte contains argyrodite-type Li solids and NASICON-type Na ceramics.

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Dual-cation metal battery with reduced cost, long life, and versatility compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries. The battery uses a composite negative electrode of lithium and sodium metals, and a positive electrode made from intercalating lithium and sodium ions into iron phosphate (FePO4) olivine structure. This allows two voltage platforms of LiFePO4 and NaFePO4 in the battery. The lithium ions can be partially replaced by sodium ions in the positive electrode. Charging and discharging can be done using constant-current-constant-voltage or ramp voltage modes to control the ratio of lithium vs sodium ion intercalation.

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Dual-ion battery with improved performance using a dimethyl sulfone eutectic electrolyte. The eutectic electrolyte is composed of lithium salt and dimethyl sulfone. This electrolyte has advantages over conventional carbonate electrolytes for dual-ion batteries as it suppresses side reactions during charging that degrade battery performance. The dimethyl sulfone solvent does not co-intercalate with anions between graphite layers like carbonates do, preventing oxidative decomposition. This leads to higher Coulombic efficiency, longer cycle life, and better energy density compared to batteries with conventional electrolytes.

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Electrolyte additive for double-ion batteries that improves capacity and cycle performance. The additive is a combination of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, succinonitrile, and lithium nitrate in a specific ratio. The additive is mixed with the electrolyte in a dual-ion battery to provide a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the electrode, prevent electrolyte decomposition, and minimize capacity loss.

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Battery design to balance charging speed and endurance mileage in electric vehicles. The battery has specific electrolyte weight requirements to optimize charging performance without sacrificing range. The weight of the electrolyte should meet M = (2.13*D) + (0.04*C) + 290, where D is the particle size of the negative electrode active material and C is the thickness of the positive electrode plate. This electrolyte quantity reduces charging time by minimizing internal resistance while preventing excessive electrolyte that increases weight and reduces energy density.

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Lithium-sodium composite dual-ion battery with improved energy density and resource abundance compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries. The battery has a heterogeneous two-sided structure where one side of the positive electrode contains lithium-based material and the other side contains sodium-based material. The negative electrode has graphite on one side and hard carbon on the other. This allows lithium and sodium ions to intercalate separately in the two-sided heterogeneous electrodes. The battery uses an electrolyte containing both lithium and sodium salts to enable ion transport.

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High energy density rechargeable battery systems with stable, non-combustible electrolytes that enable higher energy densities than conventional lithium-ion batteries while maintaining safety. The systems use high-energy-density lithium-based anodes in conjunction with ionic liquid electrolytes that replace flammable organic solvents. The ionic liquid electrolytes have etheric cosolvents to dramatically increase conductivity. This allows cycling commercial cathodes at higher voltages to unlock more lithium storage capacity. The stable ionic liquid electrolytes also minimize formation of new SEI layers during cycling compared to organic electrolytes, reducing capacity fade. The lithium metal anodes are compactly stacked to minimize new SEI formation.

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Recycling lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries by using the spent LFP cathode material as anode material for secondary batteries. The method involves extracting LFP powder from the spent cathode and mixing it with graphite powder from the spent anode. This composite anode material can be used in dual-ion batteries with organic electrolytes. The co-intercalation of lithium and anions in the composite allows higher capacity than either material alone.

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A double-ion battery with improved capacity, cycle life, rate performance, and safety compared to single-ion batteries. The battery uses different materials for the positive and negative electrodes, with MnO or Sn foil as the negative electrode instead of graphite. The electrolyte contains additives like vinylene carbonate to improve film formation on the negative electrode. The design enables simultaneous intercalation of two types of ions into the positive and negative electrodes, providing synergistic benefits like lower cost, green color, and better rate capability compared to using graphite for both electrodes.

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Organic gel polymer electrolyte for sodium-based dual ion batteries that improves safety and performance compared to liquid electrolytes. The gel electrolyte contains a solid polymer matrix and organic electrolyte. It eliminates the need for separate separators and reduces battery cost. The gel electrolyte can be used as both the electrolyte and separator in sodium-based dual ion batteries. It provides better electrochemical performance, safety, and avoids leaks/explosions compared to liquid electrolytes.

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High energy density secondary battery for electric vehicles and stationary storage applications. The battery uses aluminum as the positive electrode material and lithium as the negative electrode material. The aluminum-ion rich positive electrode contains an aluminum ion-containing electrolyte. A separator with lithium ion conductivity is placed between the aluminum and lithium electrodes. This allows lithium ions to move between the electrodes while preventing direct contact between the aluminum and lithium. The aluminum-rich positive electrode and lithium-rich negative electrode enable high energy density compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. The separator selectively permeating lithium ions prevents aluminum plating on the negative electrode during discharge.

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Dual-ion battery with improved energy density, rate performance, and cycle stability compared to conventional single-ion batteries. The key innovation is using two or more electrolyte salts with anions of different sizes in the battery electrolyte. This allows faster intercalation and deintercalation of anions in the positive electrode, preventing delamination and enhancing cycle stability. The smaller anions also increase ionic transport capacity and density. The larger anions are used in lower concentration. The dual-ion battery composition includes a solvent, two or more electrolyte salts with different anion sizes, and a separator between the positive and negative electrodes.

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Dual-ion battery with improved electrochemical performance and reduced volume expansion during charge/discharge compared to existing aluminum-graphite batteries. The battery uses a negative electrode material that reversibly reacts with cations in the electrolyte, like organic compounds, instead of just graphite. This prevents volume expansion and powdering. The negative electrode contains an organic material, conductive agent, and binder. The positive electrode has a regular active material, conductive agent, and binder. The battery also uses specific metal salt electrolytes like lithium, sodium, or potassium hexafluorophosphate.

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A power storage system that combines a lithium ion battery with a dual ion battery to balance high energy density and high output density. The system uses a lithium ion battery with high energy density but low output density, and a dual ion battery with high output density but low energy density. This allows the system to have both high energy density for long discharge times and high output density for short bursts. The dual ion battery uses a positive electrode with carbon that can store anions and a negative electrode with lithium that can store lithium ions and metal lithium.

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Hybrid ion battery system with a high capacity and good rate characteristics by using a molten salt electrolyte instead of a liquid electrolyte solvent. The battery has a Li-rich positive electrode, a negative electrode with high Li ion storage capacity, and an electrolyte layer containing molten salt compounds like LiN(SO2F)2 and NaN(SO2F)2. The molten salt eliminates the need for a separate solvent and allows higher concentrations of Li salt in the electrolyte compared to liquid electrolytes. This increases the battery capacity and stabilizes the ionic conductivity for improved rate performance.

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Electric energy storage system for renewable energy applications that overcomes the limitations of existing batteries. The system uses a liquid electrolyte between the positive and negative electrodes instead of a separator membrane. This allows direct ion transfer between the electrolytes and prevents solid-state membrane issues like low capacity and efficiency. The system also allows charging and discharging at high rates without degradation. It can be used in electric vehicles, power storage, and grid applications.

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