Reduce Polysulfide Shuttling in Lithium Sulfur EV Batteries

Separator for lithium sulfur batteries that prevents polysulfide dissolution through a multifunctional design. The separator comprises a layer of material, optionally a metal nitride or metal oxynitride ceramic, optionally with nanopore structures. The material is coated on one side of a substrate, and the electrolyte is distributed throughout the space between the anode and cathode as well as in contact with the separator. The separator captures polysulfides dissolved in the cathode electrolyte during discharge, providing an electronic pathway for polysulfide oxidation during charging. This separator achieves improved coulombic efficiency, sulfur utilization, and cycle life compared to conventional separators.

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Organosulfur species enhance lithium-sulfur battery performance by forming stable, conductive interfaces between electrodes. These species, comprising organic moieties and sulfur-containing -S-Sn- linkages, are incorporated into cathode materials and electrolyte matrices. The organosulfur species facilitate co-current flow of sulfur atoms from the cathode to the anode, preventing translational flow and promoting sulfur retention. The organosulfur species also form metal-sulfur bonds on electrode surfaces, enabling electrolyte regeneration through metal ion exchange. This approach enables higher battery capacity, reduced sulfur loss, and improved cycling life compared to conventional cathode materials.

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A method to prevent polysulfide shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur batteries by incorporating a chromium-based intermediate layer. The method involves coating a lithium-sulfur battery with a chromium-based intermediate layer, which contains chromium sulfide (CrSSe), as an interlayer between the positive and negative electrodes. The chromium-based interlayer prevents the formation of intermediate polysulfides that can migrate between the electrodes during charging and discharging, thereby enhancing battery performance and cycle life.

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A binder-free nanometer multi-polarization center catalyst for lithium-sulfur batteries that enhances reaction kinetics by creating multiple polarization centers. The catalyst comprises vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) lithium vanadate (Li3V2O5), which forms two positive and one negative polarization centers through electronegative interactions. These centers are strategically positioned to optimize the active material's surface area and catalytic activity, enabling faster lithium-sulfur reaction rates and improved battery performance. The catalyst achieves this through its unique multi-polarization structure, which enables efficient electron transfer and mass transport across the electrode interface.

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A method for preparing lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode separators by covering a separator material with a CNT@C composite film that incorporates diamond-polyhedral microspheres. The CNT@C film enhances lithium-ion interfacial conductivity and polysulfide resistance through its diamond-doped structure, while the diamond-polyhedral microspheres prevent shuttle effect and dendrite growth. This multi-functional barrier layer enables improved battery performance characteristics compared to conventional separators.

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Lithium-sulfur batteries with enhanced sulfur loading and improved current density through innovative cathode design. The cathode comprises sulfur-infused LAGP (Li1+xAlxGe2−x(PO4)3) ceramic particles encapsulated by a conductive polymer binder, which enables efficient sulfur distribution and penetration into thick cathode layers. The encapsulated sulfur particles are then coated with sulfur-infused carbon particles, creating a hybrid cathode structure that maximizes sulfur utilization while maintaining current density. This approach addresses the conventional limitations of sulfur loading in lithium-sulfur batteries by incorporating sulfur into the cathode structure through a novel encapsulation-binder-carbon architecture.

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Interlayer material for lithium-sulfur batteries that enhances electrochemical performance through a novel combination of carbon nanotubes and metal-organic framework (MOF) precursors. The material comprises a porous graphitized carbon layer with integrated Mo2C/Co nanoparticles, which enables enhanced electron conduction, polysulfide adsorption, and lithium-ion migration. The interlayer material is prepared through a specific MOF precursor synthesis pathway that preserves the carambola-like structure while achieving high graphitization. The resulting material is used as a separator in lithium-sulfur batteries, enabling improved electrochemical performance through enhanced interfacial contact between the cathode and anode.

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Lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material that prevents polysulfide shuttle degradation through controlled conversion of intermediate products. The material incorporates additives that accelerate the conversion of discharging intermediate lithium polysulfide to the final product Li2S or Li2S2, thereby preventing the shuttle effect that degrades battery performance. The material is prepared through a novel in-situ compoundation process on conductive current collectors, enabling enhanced performance and cycle stability compared to traditional methods.

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A lithium-sulfur battery cathode material comprising porous organic sulfur with enhanced mechanical structure. The material has a porous organic sulfur structure that can support itself after melting, preventing the formation of insulating Li2S films during repeated charge-discharge cycles. This design enables the cathode material to maintain its electrochemical properties and capacity even after multiple charge-discharge cycles, thereby improving the overall performance of lithium-sulfur batteries.

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Co-doped flower-shaped carbon nanospheres with enhanced sulfur utilization in lithium-sulfur batteries. The nanospheres contain molybdenum and nitrogen, which are covalently incorporated into their carbon framework through C-Mo and CN bonds. This doping enables improved polysulfide ion adsorption while maintaining high sulfur utilization ratios. The flower-shaped structure facilitates rapid electron and ion transfer, enhancing lithium-sulfur battery performance.

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A method for preparing sulfur/carbon@metal oxide nanotube lithium-sulfur battery cathode materials using atomic layer deposition technology. The method involves depositing a carbon-magnesium oxide/sulfur@zinc oxide composite material onto a current collector surface, followed by a zinc oxide coating. This composite material enables the creation of sulfur/carbon@metal oxide nanotube cathode materials with enhanced conductivity, stability, and capacity retention compared to conventional materials.

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Lithium-sulfur battery cathode composite material and preparation method that addresses the shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur batteries. The material comprises a lithium-sulfur cathode active material, a lithium-sulfur cathode active material, and a lithium-sulfur cathode active material, where the lithium-sulfur cathode active material is comprised of lithium, sulfur, and a metal oxide, and the lithium-sulfur cathode active material is comprised of lithium, sulfur, and a metal oxide.

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A method for preparing lithium-sulfur batteries with enhanced electrochemical performance through the modification of metal nitride electrodes. The method involves depositing metal nitride nanoparticles onto a substrate, followed by the formation of an intermediate layer containing active atoms. This intermediate layer is then bonded to the metal nitride through chemical bonding, creating a composite electrode structure. The active layer enhances the electrochemical properties of the metal nitride while preventing the formation of unwanted lithium polysulfide intermediates that can lead to shuttle effects.

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A method for preparing a lithium-sulfur battery interlayer that enhances the battery's performance by controlling polysulfide migration and redox reactions. The method involves creating an FeP/CC composite material through a tube furnace process that incorporates phosphide (FeP) and carbon cloth. The composite material is then processed into a thin interlayer, which is applied between the sulfur cathode and anode in lithium-sulfur batteries. The FeP/CC composite material contains iron phosphide and carbon cloth, with the phosphide forming a protective barrier against polysulfide migration while the carbon cloth facilitates ion transport. This interlayer architecture enables enhanced electron and ion conduction, improved redox kinetics, and enhanced polysulfide absorption, all of which contribute to improved battery performance and cycle stability.

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Lithium-sulfur battery separator-sulfur cathode composite package assembly that prevents polysulfide shuttle effect through a novel separator design. The assembly integrates a sulfur-based cathode material with a lithium-sulfur separator, where the sulfur material is contained within the separator structure. This design prevents polysulfide migration through the separator to the lithium cathode, thereby maintaining the cathode surface area and preventing polysulfide deposition. The separator structure also contains the sulfur material, ensuring its active area is utilized while preventing polysulfide migration.

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A novel lithium-sulfur battery diaphragm material for lithium-ion batteries that eliminates the shuttle effect through a single-step hydrothermal synthesis of NiMoO4. The material combines bimetallic oxide NiMoO4 with sodium methacrylate, forming a stable and uniform diaphragm that prevents lithium polysulfide migration during charging and discharging. The synthesis process eliminates the need for complex electrode materials, electrolyte additives, and multiple processing steps, enabling high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries with improved cycle life and reduced material costs.

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A lithium battery cell featuring a sulfur-based cathode with enhanced stability and cycle life. The cell comprises a cathode containing sulfur-bonded cyclic polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) material, a lithium metal anode, and a separator. The separator is composed of a lithium salt-containing electrolyte with a high dielectric constant, preventing sulfur migration and polysulfide diffusion. The separator also contains an active barrier that captures sulfur species through chemical reactions, preventing polysulfide migration and maintaining cathode capacity. This design achieves stable cycling and long battery life by preventing sulfur diffusion and polysulfide migration, while maintaining the high capacity of sulfur-based cathodes.

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A lithium-sulfur battery separator-sulfur cathode composite package assembly with enhanced polysulfide shuttle prevention that improves energy density and service life. The assembly comprises a composite separator material that contains a sulfur-based active material, and a cathode separator material that contains sulfur-based active material. The composite separator material contains a sulfur-based active material that prevents polysulfide migration through the separator during battery discharge. This prevents the shuttle effect that reduces battery performance and lifespan by containing the polysulfides in the separator.

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A lithium-sulfur battery that achieves higher energy density than current commercial batteries through a novel combination of atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD) technologies. The battery utilizes ALD-deposited sulfur adsorbents to prevent polysulfide migration between the cathode and anode, while MLD-grown flexible polymeric films enhance electrical conductivity and mechanical integrity of the sulfur cathode. This integrated approach enables the creation of Li-S batteries with specific energy densities exceeding 1500 Wh/kg, while maintaining high rate capabilities and cyclability.

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Iron-nitrogen heteroatom double-doped porous carbonaceous cathode material for lithium-sulfur batteries, and a lithium-sulfur battery using the carbonaceous cathode material. The material is prepared through a process that combines the doping of porous carbon with elemental sulfur through heat treatment. The resulting material exhibits enhanced conductivity, controlled sulfur product formation, and suppressed polysulfide shuttle effects, leading to improved lithium-sulfur battery performance.

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Lithium-sulfur battery with enhanced shuttle prevention through a novel functional material layer. The layer comprises Li-H-M-O compounds with transition metal elements, which provide both adsorption and catalytic properties to prevent lithium polysulfide migration. This layer is integrated between the sulfur-based positive electrode and separator, enabling effective lithium polysulfide inhibition while maintaining electrolyte conductivity. The layer's unique composition enables efficient lithium polysulfide management without compromising battery performance.

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Conductive lithium-conducting bifunctional graphene oxide material for lithium-air and lithium-sulfur batteries, prepared through a simple and mild process that enables high-performance lithium-ion electrodes. The material combines graphene oxide with a lithium-conducting compound, where the compound selectively forms at the graphene oxide surface, creating a conductive interface that enhances lithium ion transport and polysulfide dissolution prevention. This bifunctional material can be used as a cathode or anode in lithium-air batteries, enabling improved energy density and cycle life compared to conventional materials.

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Separator material for lithium-sulfur batteries that combines high conductivity with specific adsorption sites to enhance polysulfide barrier performance. The separator is co-modified with ZIF particles and carbon nanotubes, which provide both high conductivity and active adsorption sites. This dual-modification approach addresses the shuttle effect of polysulfides while maintaining the diaphragm's insulating properties, enabling improved electrochemical performance in lithium-sulfur batteries.

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Modified separator for lithium-sulfur batteries that enhances electrochemical performance by suppressing shuttle effects and improving active material utilization. The separator comprises a commercial battery's membrane skeleton with a nanostructured coating containing molybdenum, conductive agents, and a binding agent. This coating layer is applied to the membrane's surface through a controlled process, resulting in a modified separator with improved barrier properties and enhanced electrochemical performance compared to conventional separators.

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A flexible self-supporting polymer-coated carbon interlayer for lithium-sulfur batteries that prevents polysulfide shuttle currents. The interlayer comprises a flexible polymer-coated carbon material interwoven with a binder and film former, which is applied to a substrate. The polymer-coated carbon material is interwoven through a network structure, while the binder and film former are applied on the outside of the network structure. This sandwich-like structure enables the carbon interlayer to maintain its flexibility and support properties while preventing polysulfide dissolution during charge and discharge cycles.

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Lithium-sulfur battery with improved cycle life and reduced shuttle of lithium sulfide to improve performance. The battery uses a composite diaphragm, lithium sulfur electrode, and functional layer between the electrodes. The composite diaphragm has a barrier film with a functional material layer containing transition metals like Fe, Co, or Ti that absorb and store lithium sulfide to prevent shuttle. This suppresses lithium dendrites and improves cycle performance.

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A method for preparing a cobalt-nitrogen double-doped porous carbon-graphene (Co-N-CORGO) composite material for lithium-sulfur battery separator modification. The composite material is prepared through a single-step process where cobalt and nitrogen are atom-doped into the graphene substrate, forming a uniform Co-N-CORGO structure. The composite is then coated onto lithium-sulfur battery separators, where it selectively adsorbs sulfur polysulfides through chemical bonding, effectively preventing shuttle effects and improving cycle performance and discharge capacity.

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A lithium-sulfur battery electrode comprising a boron-doped carbon substrate and loaded sulfur, where the composite is prepared through carbonization of carbon source materials with boron source materials. The boron doping introduces electron deficiencies into the carbon matrix, restricting polysulfide anion migration while enhancing electronic conductivity. The resulting composite enables high cycling stability in lithium-sulfur batteries by controlling polysulfide anion confinement and electron flow.

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Lithium-sulfur batteries with enhanced stability through the use of sulfur-based cathodes with polymeric electrolytes. The cathode material incorporates a sulfur-containing polymer matrix that physically and chemically encapsulates lithium polysulfides, preventing their migration and diffusion away from the cathode. The polymer matrix is engineered with specific polymer blocks that contain active electrophilic groups capable of nucleophilic substitution, allowing the formation of stable sulfur-carbon bonds. This design provides superior cycling stability compared to conventional cathode materials, while maintaining high specific energy density.

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Composite separator for lithium-sulfur batteries that enhances performance by incorporating a barrier layer with enhanced polysulfide absorption capacity. The separator is prepared by depositing a solid inorganic compound containing polysulfide absorption properties onto a commercial battery separator, creating a composite separator with improved lithium polysulfide management. This barrier layer enables effective lithium polysulfide management during charge and discharge cycles, particularly addressing the conventional "flying shuttle effect" issue in lithium-sulfur batteries.

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Transition metal nitride (TMN) cathode material for lithium-sulfur batteries that addresses the limitations of conventional cathode materials. The material comprises a transition metal nitride cathode with a surface that contains transition metal nitride particles, which are doped with carbon. This surface architecture enables enhanced electrochemical catalytic conversion of sulfur intermediates during discharge, while maintaining high capacity and cycling stability compared to conventional cathode materials. The TMN particles on the surface facilitate the controlled release of sulfur species, preventing their rapid degradation and promoting efficient conversion.

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Encapsulated sulfur particles with a self-assembling conductive polymer membrane that prevents polysulfide migration while enabling rapid lithium ion diffusion. The encapsulation is achieved through a polymer coating that forms a hydrophobic-surfaced membrane around the sulfur core, with each layer having a charge opposite to the previous one. This membrane structure prevents polysulfide dissolution while maintaining lithium ion conductivity. The encapsulated sulfur particles can be used as an electrode active material in lithium-sulfur batteries with enhanced performance characteristics compared to conventional cathodes.

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A lithium-sulfur battery electrode with enhanced conductivity and stability through a novel composite material approach. The electrode comprises a core-shell structure with sulfur particles embedded within a conductive polymer matrix, where the sulfur particles are specifically designed to enhance sulfur ion transport while maintaining structural integrity. The composite material is prepared through a controlled polymerization process that incorporates sulfur particles at specific concentrations, with precise control over the sulfur particle size and distribution. This approach addresses the common challenges of sulfur-based electrodes, including low conductivity and volume change during charging and discharging, by incorporating sulfur particles with optimized properties.

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Lithium sulfur battery with enhanced performance through novel cathode electrode design. The battery features a cathode electrode with a polymer network structure that gradually decreases in thickness as lithium ions move through the electrolyte, creating a controlled barrier that prevents unwanted dissolution of the sulfur compound during charging. This approach enables improved energy density while maintaining safety characteristics.

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Lithium sulphur battery anode material that enhances stability and performance through a novel dopamine-modified polyethylene membrane. The membrane, which selectively interacts with lithium ions, incorporates dopamine functional groups that enhance sulfur binding through electrostatic interactions. This membrane-based anode material combines the benefits of dopamine-modified polyethylene membranes with the unique properties of sulfur-containing anodes, enabling improved cycling stability and performance in lithium sulphur batteries.

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Nitrogen-doped multiporous carbon and sulfur composite anode material for lithium-sulfur batteries that enhances electron and ion conductivity while maintaining structural integrity. The material is prepared through a simple reaction between nitrogen-doped multiporous carbon and sulfuric acid, resulting in a porous carbon core with a nitrogen-doped shell structure. This composite material combines high electron and ion conductivity with improved sulfur utilization and stability, enabling enhanced battery performance and cycle life compared to conventional materials.

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