Techniques to Increase Energy Density of Sodium-Ion Batteries

Positive electrode active material for sodium-ion batteries with improved energy density, comprising a sodium ion-layered transition metal oxide with a cross-section filling rate of 75-99%, a tap density of 1.5-2.5 g/cm3, and a particle size distribution coefficient K of 0.9-3.0. The material enables high-capacity sodium-ion batteries with enhanced energy density, processability, and structural integrity.

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Sodium-ion battery cathode material with high volumetric energy density, comprising a layered sodium-based transition metal oxide with a unique crystal structure that enables high compaction density, achieved through a novel synthesis method that controls particle morphology and size.

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A sodium metal battery cell with improved performance, comprising an electrolyte solution containing an organic compound with an unsaturated group as a first additive, and a catalyst comprising a transition metal or its alloy, which reduces hydrogen generation and enhances cycle stability. The battery cell features an anode-free design with a current collector as the negative electrode, eliminating the need for active materials and enabling higher energy density.

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Sodium secondary battery with enhanced energy density and charge-discharge capacity through a novel positive electrode active material. The material comprises a composite metal oxide with a specific composition and processing method that incorporates an oxidizable metal precursor into a sodium compound. The resulting precipitate, when exposed to oxygen, forms a stable precipitate from an oxidizable metal aqueous solution. This precipitate is then mixed with sodium compounds and sintered to form the positive electrode active material. The precipitate from an oxidizable metal aqueous solution is a key component in achieving the desired material properties for the sodium secondary battery.

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All-solid-state sodium-ion secondary battery with improved charge-discharge efficiency and energy density. The battery features a negative electrode layer comprising a carbon material precursor, such as sugar or biomass, and a sodium-ion conductive solid electrolyte layer. The positive electrode layer contains a crystallized glass active material. The battery's performance is enhanced by optimizing the thickness ratio and capacity ratio between the negative and positive electrode layers.

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Sodium batteries and electrical equipment that enhance energy density through optimized negative electrode design. The design involves controlling the ratio of positive to negative electrode materials to achieve a more balanced performance. The ratio is determined by regulating the amount of positive active material in the positive electrode to the amount of negative active material in the negative electrode. This balance enables the negative electrode to achieve a higher capacity while maintaining the necessary safety characteristics. The design also incorporates advanced electrolyte formulations with specific solvents and salt concentrations to optimize the battery's performance and safety.

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Sodium ion batteries achieve higher energy density through novel negative electrode materials. The invention introduces a negative electrode comprising a sodium metal oxide, where the metal oxide is specifically designed to enhance the negative electrode's performance while maintaining safety. This material combines the benefits of sodium metal with the advantages of oxide materials, enabling significant improvements in energy density compared to conventional negative electrodes.

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Sodium-ion battery cathode material with improved cycling stability and energy density compared to conventional layered sodium oxides. The material has a mixed phase composition of both P2 and P3 layers. The P2 phase has Na in octahedral sites and P3 phase has Na in prismatic sites. The mixed phase material allows high Na content while maintaining low energy barrier Na ion diffusion. It has advantages of high initial capacity, high voltage, and high tap density from the P2 phase, plus good rate capability and cycling stability from the P3 phase. The mixed phase composition can be achieved by a sol-gel synthesis method using metal salt precursors of Na, Mn, Ni, and other elements like Fe, Cu, Zn, Ti, or Al.

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Sodium ion battery design with improved cycle life and energy density for sodium ion batteries used in energy storage applications. The design involves a specialized negative electrode structure with a separate sodium storage layer and conductive skeleton layer. The sodium storage layer provides the sodium intercalation capacity, while the conductive skeleton layer promotes uniform sodium deposition and prevents dendrite growth. The capacity ratio of the sodium storage layer to the positive electrode layer is controlled to optimize energy density and cycle life.

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Hybrid battery pack that combines the high energy density of lithium-ion cells with the low cost and high temperature performance of sodium-ion cells. The pack features an array structure comprising both types of cells, where the lithium-ion cells are connected in series and the sodium-ion cells are connected in parallel. This arrangement enables the lithium-ion cells to maintain their high charge and discharge capacity even at extreme temperatures, while the sodium-ion cells provide their unique benefits of high thermal stability and rapid charging capabilities. The pack's architecture allows the lithium-ion cells to be directly connected to the sodium-ion cells, eliminating the thermal management challenges typically associated with lithium-ion battery pack assembly.

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Sodium-ion battery with improved energy density through the use of high-density sodium metal clusters as negative electrodes. The battery employs a novel negative electrode material, specifically hard carbon, which enables the formation of sodium metal clusters through controlled intercalation. This material's unique properties, including its high true density and extensive sodium intercalation void space, allow for efficient sodium ion storage and release. The battery design combines the hard carbon material with a conductive agent and binder to create a robust and efficient negative electrode system.

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Aqueous sodium-based mixed ion secondary battery that achieves higher energy density and better cycle performance compared to traditional single-ion batteries. The battery employs a layered structure with sodium manganate as the anode material, where sodium ions intercalate and desorb through layered intercalation and deposition reactions. The negative electrode is composed of a metal oxide, with additional conductive carbon and binder materials. The electrolyte is a saturated metal oxide solution in a sodium hydroxide solution. The battery's unique design enables simultaneous ion storage and release through the layered structure, resulting in improved performance characteristics.

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An all-solid-state sodium ion secondary battery with improved reliability and performance, featuring a current collector layer made of a metallic material such as aluminum, titanium, or silver, with a thickness between 10 nm and 10 μm, and a solid electrolyte layer comprising a sodium ion-conductive oxide. The battery design prevents peeling of the current collector from the electrode layers during handling and operation, while maintaining high energy density and cycle stability.

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Sodium-ion battery cathode active materials for high-performance applications. The materials exhibit improved capacity retention and voltage stability through reversible phase transitions, enabling higher energy density and longer cycle life compared to conventional materials. The phase transitions occur during charge and discharge cycles, allowing the material to recover its capacity and maintain voltage stability. The materials achieve these benefits through reversible phase transitions between different structural forms, which enable efficient charge and discharge processes.

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A battery cell combining sodium-ion and lithium-ion electrodes in a single cell structure. The cell comprises a composite electrode assembly comprising a sodium-ion positive electrode sheet, a lithium-ion positive electrode sheet, and a separator. The electrodes are arranged in a specific pattern to achieve optimal performance characteristics. The cell features a diaphragm separating the electrodes, with the negative electrode comprising a sodium-ion active material and the positive electrode comprising a lithium-ion active material. The cell can be configured to operate at various charge levels (0.005 to 200 times C), offering enhanced performance compared to traditional battery pack configurations.

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High entropy layered oxide material with covalent anion and cation valence for sodium-ion batteries, comprising a chemical formula Na0.9Li0.1Mg0.1Ni0.1Cu0.1Mn0.4Ti0.2O2, prepared by a solid phase method involving grinding and heat treatment. The material exhibits improved electrochemical performance and stability, enabling high-capacity sodium-ion batteries with enhanced energy density and long cycle life.

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A sodium-ion battery cathode material comprising a positive electrode active material comprising a combination of NaFePO4 and NaFeP2O7, with particle size distribution of 3-8.5 μm. The material combines the high capacity and rate performance of NaFePO4 with the improved stability and mechanical properties of NaFeP2O7.

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Flexible sodium-ion battery negative electrode comprising carbon nanotube film as current collector, and nickel sulfide negative electrode material grown on the carbon nanotube film in-situ. The negative electrode achieves high performance through the unique combination of carbon nanotube film's high surface area and excellent mechanical properties, while the nickel sulfide material's high sodium storage capacity and mechanical stability enable reliable performance across repeated bending cycles.

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Sodium-ion battery positive plate with enhanced electrical conductivity through optimized binder distribution. The plate comprises a positive current collector with a surface featuring a specific binder concentration, and a positive active material arranged on this surface. The binder concentration is precisely controlled to achieve optimal conductivity while maintaining the positive electrode's non-oxidizable nature. The negative electrode current collector also features a controlled binder concentration, with both foil and rubber emulsion options available. This configuration enables the positive plate to achieve high electrical conductivity while maintaining the negative electrode's safety characteristics.

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Polyanionic sodium-ion battery cathode material with improved performance and scalability. The material is a single-phase or two-phase sodium ion battery cathode made from a novel liquid-phase preparation method that enables precise control of metal phosphate composition through citric acid complexation. The method ensures uniform distribution of metal ions during solution preparation, eliminating common issues associated with traditional solid-phase ball milling. The resulting material exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, stability, and reproducibility, making it suitable for large-scale production.

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