Hyundai's Innovations in Li-ion Battery

Lithium secondary battery for vehicles with improved longevity and efficiency by enhancing lithium reversibility. The battery has a negative electrode coated with a disulfide polymer. The coating prevents separation of the porous layer from the negative electrode during cycling to maintain electrical contact. This prevents lithium plating issues and improves reversibility. The disulfide polymer coating also provides adhesion and rebound resilience.

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Positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved capacity and cycle life compared to traditional cathode materials like NMC. The material is a Li-[Mn-Ti]-M-O-based composite where M is a transition metal. Molybdenum oxide is coated on the surface of the cathode active material. This modification allows higher capacity without the capacity fade issues seen with high Ni contents in NMC. The coating of molybdenum oxide on the cathode surface further improves cycle life.

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A polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries with high ionic conductivity and stability. The electrolyte uses a polymer matrix containing an ammonium-based repeating unit, an ionic liquid, and optionally a metal salt. The polymer matrix allows good mechanical strength while the ionic liquid increases conductivity. The ammonium-based repeating unit improves stability due to a wide electrochemical window. The electrolyte composition range is 10-60 wt% polymer matrix, 40-90 wt% ionic liquid, and 0-40 wt% metal salt.

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Separator for lithium-ion batteries with enhanced stability and a manufacturing method to inhibit self-discharge and prevent internal short circuits at high temperatures. The separator has a porous nonwoven fabric impregnated with a baroplastic polymer powder. The powder fills the separator pores during battery assembly and seals them at high temperatures to prevent self-discharge. The powder also performs a shutdown function at temperatures below 200°C to prevent battery explosion. The separator is made by impregnating the fabric, coating it, drying, then laminating electrodes and pressing.

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Lithium secondary battery electrolyte that improves the life and performance of high capacity lithium secondary batteries. The electrolyte contains a lithium salt, solvent, and a functional additive. The additive contains a specific compound called 1-(3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)propyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbonitrile. It acts as a positive electrode film additive to enhance battery life and performance.

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Electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries that improves battery life and performance, especially for high-capacity batteries with high nickel content cathodes. The electrolyte contains a specific functional additive, 5,5-diallyl-3-(tertbutyldimethylsilyl)oxazolidin-2-one, along with standard lithium salt and solvent. The additive scavenges hydrogen fluoride (HF) that forms during battery operation, preventing decomposition of the electrolyte and reducing gas generation at the electrode interfaces. This improves battery life and reduces capacity fade compared to conventional electrolytes, especially for high nickel content cathodes.

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A high energy density cathode material for lithium-ion batteries that uses a single composite material instead of multiple components. The composite is made by attaching acid-treated carbon nanotubes to a lithium-rich cathode active material. The acid treatment on the nanotubes helps attach them to the cathode material surface. This composite cathode provides high capacity, over 250 mAh/g, in a voltage range of 2-4.2V.

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A method for mixing cathode active material in lithium battery production that improves battery performance and reduces costs without additional steps. The method involves using a solution of polyacrylic acid (PAA) to remove lithium compounds from the surface of the cathode active material before mixing with the binder and conductive material. This prevents lithium contamination issues when storing the slurry and improves battery properties. The PAA solution reacts with lithium compounds on the active material surface to form stable complexes, reducing lithium leaching and reactivity. After reacting the active material with PAA, the reaction is maintained for 20 minutes, then the solvent is dried before final mixing. This prevents excess water formation during the reaction.

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Electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries that improves long-term lifetime by preventing degradation of the battery components. The electrolyte contains specific additives that reduce oxidation of the electrode materials and prevent electrode film formation. The additives are lithium bis(phthalato)borate (LPB), hexafluoroglutaric anhydride (HFGA), and phosphoric acid tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)ester (PFTFE). They are added in total amounts of 0.5-3.0 wt% based on the electrolyte weight.

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Electrolyte solution and lithium secondary battery with improved lifespan and output by forming protective films on the electrode surfaces. The electrolyte contains a functional additive like a specific sulfonate compound that forms stable films on the positive electrode during cycling. This prevents electrolyte decomposition and interfacial reactivity issues that degrade battery performance. The additive is a sulfonate with a specific structure like 2-(2'((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)ethoxy)-ethyl p-methylbenzenesulfonate.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium-ion batteries that improves battery lifetime and power performance. The electrolyte contains a specific additive, a 1,2,3-triazole derivative with a cyanophenyl and fluorobenzyl group, in addition to the lithium salt and solvent. This additive forms protective films on the cathode and anode during charging/discharging to prevent degradation and increase battery life.

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Controlling the expansion directionality of anode materials in lithium-ion batteries during charging and discharging to improve battery life. The method involves adjusting the tensile strength of the anode current collector during manufacturing. By drying the slurry applied to a copper current collector, it increases the collector's strength. This prevents excessive expansion of the anode material, which can separate or distort from the collector. By controlling the expansion directionality, it prevents internal damage and failures from anode swelling.

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An electrolyte solution and battery design for lithium-ion batteries that improves lifetime and power retention. The electrolyte contains a specific additive, 1-benzyl-5-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbonitrile, which forms protective films on both the cathode and anode surfaces during charging/discharging. This additive prevents decomposition of the electrolyte, reduces capacity fade, and inhibits structural degradation of the electrodes.

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Electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries that improves stability and lifetime by removing by-products that degrade electrode coatings. The electrolyte contains a lithium salt like LiPF6, a solvent, and an additive that scavenges acidic substances like HF produced during battery operation. The additive prevents acidic decomposition products from dissolving electrode coatings or damaging active materials.

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Cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved lifetime and reduced degradation by preventing electrolyte penetration and side reactions. The cathode active material includes a core of lithium metal oxide coated with a thin layer of metal sulfide. The sulfide coating suppresses electrolyte reactions by blocking penetration and forming a barrier at cracks. The coating is formed by dry mixing the sulfide with the core and heat treatment.

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Electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries with improved lifetime characteristics, and lithium-ion batteries using this electrolyte. The electrolyte contains a functional additive, 1,2-bis(maleimido)ethane, that improves lifetime of lithium-ion batteries. The additive forms a surface layer on the negative electrode that reduces capacity fade and improves cycle life. The additive amount is optimized to avoid excessive layer formation that increases resistance.

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Electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries with improved high-temperature lifetime. The electrolyte contains a lithium salt, solvent, and a functional additive comprising naphthalen-1-yl sulfurofluoridate (S3) as a first negative electrode film additive. This additive improves lifetime characteristics of lithium secondary batteries, particularly at high temperatures.

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A lithium secondary battery with improved safety and performance by using a fibrous adhesive layer on the separator or electrode current collector to secure the electrode-separator interface and prevent short circuits. The fibrous layer contains ceramic particles dispersed in a polymer binder. The fibers adhere to the separator/collector surface and reduce resistance compared to a solid binder. The ceramic particles improve heat resistance. The fibrous adhesive layer is formed using electrospinning techniques.

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Lithium-ion battery with improved energy density and reliability by preventing exposure of the cathode current collector during punching and minimizing tolerance between anode and cathode. This is achieved by coating regions of the cathode current collector with an inactive coating made of electrochemically stable material before punching. The inactive coating prevents the current collector from being exposed when punched, reducing tolerance and improving density compared to cutting the coating. It also reduces damage to punching dies and prevents scraping off of expensive cathode material during punching.

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Lithium secondary battery with improved cycling stability and reduced swelling in the separator. The battery has a separator coated with microparticles containing a crosslinked polymer with furoyl groups. The crosslinked polymer is made by reacting a furan-containing monomer with a maleimide crosslinker. The crosslinked microparticles provide better shape retention in the separator when swollen with electrolyte, reducing separator deformation and battery cycling issues. The furan-containing monomer allows crosslinking and improves separator durability.

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Lithium secondary battery with improved output, life, and adhesion for silicon-graphite anodes by using binders like heparin or lithium polyacrylate (LiPAA) in the negative electrode. The binder mixture helps gather around the silicon particles to prevent capacity loss due to electron disconnection during charge/discharge. It also improves adhesion and suppresses volume expansion of the silicon during cycling. The binder composition is obtained by grinding the silicon, binder, and conductive material together before heat treatment.

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Preventing electrode tab breakage in pouch-type lithium-ion batteries to improve reliability and cycle life. The solution is adding an elastic cut-off prevention portion between the electrode tab and the cell interior. This section deforms when the electrode expands during charging to accommodate the growth without breaking the bond. It allows the tab to flex instead of the electrode uncoated area being bent or torn.

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Electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries that improves battery life by scavenging acidic species like HF generated during charge/discharge. The electrolyte contains additives like certain organic compounds that can remove HF before it damages the electrodes. The additives prevent acidic byproducts from dissolving the electrode films or destroying active material. This reduces electrode degradation and improves battery life. The additives scavenge HF generated from lithium salt decomposition in the electrolyte.

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Cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved energy density by using a single composition without nickel or cobalt. The cathode active material is a Li-Mn-Ti-O system with a transition metal M coated in molybdenum oxide. The coating prevents excessive lithium concentration and stabilizes the electrode. This allows higher capacity compared to Ni/Co-containing cathodes.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium secondary batteries that improves battery lifetime by adding a specific additive to the electrolyte. The additive, bis(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl) oxalate, forms a protective film on the negative electrode during charging. This film prevents electrolyte decomposition and suppresses capacity fade in batteries with high nickel content cathodes. The additive amount is 0.2-3.0% by weight.

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Lithium secondary battery electrolyte with improved safety and performance at high temperatures and voltages. The electrolyte composition includes a lithium salt and a solvent blend of perfluorinated ether, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), and ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC). This reduces the flammable carbonate content while still providing flame retardancy and ionic conductivity. The reduced carbonate viscosity enhances lithium ion mobility.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium secondary batteries with additives to increase battery lifetime. The electrolyte contains a lithium salt, solvent, and a negative electrode additive called allyl(4-nitrophenyl) carbonate. This additive forms a protective SEI film on the negative electrode to reduce deterioration during cycling. Adding the SEI-enhancing additive improves the long-term performance of lithium batteries.

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Cathode active material for lithium-ion batteries with improved lifetime by suppressing side reactions with the electrolyte. The material has a core of lithium metal oxide with a coating layer on the surface and inner grain boundaries made of a metal carbide. Dry mixing the metal carbide with the core forms the coating layer. This prevents electrolyte penetration through cracks and reduces side reactions between the core and electrolyte.

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A method for preparing solid electrolytes for lithium batteries that avoids the use of compound powders and provides lower cost, improved safety, and better uniformity compared to existing compound-based solid electrolytes. The method involves mixing and grinding elemental sulfur, phosphorus, and lithium powders to form an amorphous mixture, then heating to crystallize the solid electrolyte. This eliminates the need for expensive and moisture-sensitive compound powders like Li3PS4. The resulting single-element solid electrolyte can be used in large-area batteries without safety issues.

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Vehicle with improved battery management for vehicles with lithium-ion batteries to efficiently manage the battery state of charge and extend battery life. The method involves calculating an estimated SoC based on current alone, then calculating an actual SoC using a battery model with voltage and current inputs. By comparing the estimated and actual SoCs, the method determines if an error exists. If so, it activates features like generator control and engine shutoff during stopping to mitigate the error and improve battery life.

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Rapid charging method for lithium-ion batteries that reduces degradation and improves charge time. The method involves using a reduced order electrochemical model to calculate parameters like SOC, side reaction rate, and lithium plating rate. This data is used to generate a charging protocol with optimal current rates to limit degradation. The protocol is applied during charging to balance between reducing side reactions and lithium plating. Negative pulse currents are also used to strip lithium from plating at low SOC.

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