Redox Reversible Materials for EV Batteries

Rechargeable lithium battery with improved cycle life and capacity by using a specific composition of particle sizes in the positive electrode. The electrode contains small 1-8 um monolithic particles and larger 10-20 um secondary particles, both containing nickel-based lithium oxide. This mixture with a density over 3.4 g/cc has an X-ray diffraction peak intensity ratio over 3. It provides high capacity and cycle life by reducing side reactions, improving efficiency and temperature stability.

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Preparing a lithium-ion battery cathode material precursor with large ion channels to improve battery performance. The method involves co-precipitating nickel, cobalt, and manganese with sodium and ammonium ions. After sintering to remove the sodium and ammonium, a precursor with a large ion channel structure is obtained. This provides a cathode material skeleton with enlarged ion channels that facilitates lithium ion deintercalation during battery cycling.

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Carbonaceous material, production method, electrode active material, electrode, and electrochemical device for high performance electrochemical devices like batteries and capacitors. The carbonaceous material has a specific surface area of 1550-2500 m2/g, oxygen/hydrogen content of 1.00-2.10 mg/m2, and electrical conductivity of 10-15 S/cm. The production involves heating the precursor to 330°C under oxygen, then cooling under inert gas to reduce surface oxygen. This prevents pore shrinkage while reducing intra-skeletal oxygen. The final heat treatment under oxygen is critical, followed by cooling under inert gas. The resulting carbon has high capacitance, gas suppression, and durability.

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A lithium-ion battery electrode material with enhanced performance and cost-effectiveness. The material is a lithiated spinel-layered composite with a specific capacity of 200Ah, high cycle stability, and low cost. The material achieves these properties through a novel spinel structure with optimized lattice parameters and a tailored composition. The spinel structure enables improved electrochemical performance, while the precise composition and processing conditions enable significant cost reductions. The material's performance is validated through specific capacity retention, rate capacity, and voltage stability tests, demonstrating superior capacity retention compared to conventional materials.

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Positive electrode for a solid-state battery with high energy density and low internal resistance. The positive electrode has a composition and structure that allows it to provide high capacity and output while suppressing internal resistance. The positive electrode active material is a lithium-rich nickel-rich oxide like LiNi1-x-yMxO2. This high-Ni oxide improves cycle stability and energy density. The electrode also uses a thin positive electrode active material layer, a binder with low particle size, and a solid electrolyte with high lithium ion conductivity. These factors reduce the internal resistance while maintaining high energy density.

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A method to improve the performance of lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries through a novel precursor synthesis approach. The precursor, comprising a manganese carbonate precursor with a trace amount of sodium, enables the formation of high-performance lithium-rich manganese-based cathodes while maintaining structural stability. The precursor's unique composition enables the creation of a complete carbonate crystal structure, which is essential for the material's high energy density and stability. The synthesis process ensures consistent peak positions in XRD patterns, indicating a precise control over the material's crystal structure. This approach addresses the conventional limitations of lithium-rich manganese-based cathodes by providing a reliable precursor for industrial-scale production.

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Solid-state lithium battery electrolyte material with high ionic conductivity and compatibility with high voltage cathodes and lithium metal anodes. The electrolyte is a sulfide-based material with a composition of Li, T, X, and A where T is a Group 13 or 14 element, X is a halogen or BH4, and A is S, Se, or N. The material can have glass ceramic and crystalline phases with specific X-ray diffraction peaks. The electrolyte synthesis involves milling and heating precursor compositions to create the final sulfide glass, which can then crystallize into the desired phases.

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Metastable vanadium dioxide (V2O5) nanowires that can reversibly insert and extract high concentrations of magnesium (Mg) ions. The nanowires have a specific metastable phase, denoted ζ-V2O5, that allows for insertion of up to 0.33 Mg ions per V2O5 unit. This is much higher than the capacities observed for Mg insertion in other V2O5 phases. The ζ-V2O5 phase is stabilized by selectively leaching out cations from a precursor bronze phase. The high Mg intercalation capacity is attributed to the expanded interlayer spacing and structural features of the ζ-V2O5 phase that facilitate Mg diffusion.

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Lithium-ion battery cathode material with improved stability and performance through a novel approach to combining lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) with carbon. The material combines a high-performance LMFP with a carbon coating that is applied to the surface of the LMFP, creating a single-layer cathode structure. The carbon coating layer enhances the LMFP's electronic conductivity while preventing manganese dissolution through a synergistic effect. This approach eliminates the need for multiple coating layers and complex processing steps, enabling large-scale production of high-performance LMFP cathodes while maintaining superior stability and cycle life.

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Composite material for lithium-ion batteries with improved electrochemical performance. The composite includes lithium-vanadium oxide (LVO) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) with specific properties. The LVO has an average particle size of 500 nm or less and the CNT have a specific surface area of 50-500 m2/g. This composite can be prepared without ultracentrifugation or flash annealing steps by mixing the LVO and CNT powders, calcining, and annealing. The CNT surface chemistry helps disperse the LVO particles and form a composite with high capacity and power.

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High capacity batteries with metal oxide electrodes having acidic properties that improve performance compared to traditional metal oxides. The acidic metal oxide electrodes can have lower loading of active material, like 20-40% compared to conventional 80-99%, allowing for higher overall capacity. The acidic metal oxides can be alternated with conductive layers in the electrode structure. The acidic metal oxides can also be used in combination with acidic additives in the electrolyte. This acidic metal oxide and electrolyte composition provides enhanced capacity, cyclability, and longevity for batteries compared to traditional metal oxides.

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Positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries that has high capacity and excellent cycle life. The material contains lithium, cobalt, oxygen, and aluminum with a crystal structure belonging to the R-3m space group. The aluminum content is less than 0.2 times the cobalt content. This composition and crystal structure provide stable lithium storage and inhibit capacity fade during cycling. Adding magnesium further improves cycle life. The manufacturing method involves mixing the oxide precursors with aluminum in specific ratios.

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A process for preparing metal hydroxides, carbonates, and oxides containing nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium, aluminum, magnesium, and copper using simple and efficient chemical methods. The processes involve dissolving the metal salts in water, optionally adding other metal salts, and then adjusting the pH and electrolyzing the solution to convert to the desired metal hydroxide, carbonate, or oxide. The processes can be used to prepare metal hydroxides like Ni(OH)2, Co(OH)2, LiNiO2, LiCoO2, LiNiMnCoO2, LiNiAlO2, LiNiMgO2, LiNiCuO2, LiCoMgO2, LiCoAlO2, LiCoCuO2, and LiAlMgO

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Recycling lithium-ion battery electrode materials by relithiating them in a way that prevents the formation of cubic phases that impede performance in batteries. The relithiation process involves using an oxidizing agent in the solution to help convert cubic NMC phases to hexagonal NMC phases, and prevent the formation of cubic phases. The oxidizing agent also acts as an oxygen donor to fill oxygen vacancies in the lattice that arise from reduced nickel. This helps maintain the desired metal oxidation states during relithiation.

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Fluorine-substituted cation-disordered lithium metal oxides with improved cycling performance for lithium-ion batteries. The fluorine substitution helps alleviate oxygen loss during cycling that degrades electrochemical properties. The disordered lithium transition metal oxides have a general formula Li1+xM1-xO2-yFy where 0.05≤x≤0.3, 0<y≤0.3, and M is a transition metal. The fluorine substitution is randomly distributed in the disordered rocksalt structure along with oxygen. This prevents densification and maintains lithium excess levels necessary for fast lithium diffusion. The fluorine-substituted disordered oxides show improved discharge capacity, voltage, and rate capability compared to unsubstituted disordered oxides.

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Organic p‐type cathode materials with high redox potentials and fast kinetics have captured widespread attention in propelling Zn‐organic batteries (ZOBs). However, their anion‐accessible capacity is insufficient due to single electron reaction and/or energy barrier of each redox‐active unit. Here we design two‐electron‐donating organic chalcogen small molecules (phenoxazine (PO), phenothiazine (PS) phenoselenazine (PSe)) tuned charge distributions transfer behaviors as for ZOBs. With the decrease chalcogenide electronegativity (O&gt;S&gt;Se), PSe liberates strongest coordination activity, efficient delocalization, storage an ultralow activation (0.23 vs. 0.34 eV PS 0.41 PO), which contributes dual‐electron utilization phenazine motifs 99.2% (vs. 68.8% 52.7% PO). Consequently, Zn||PSe battery delivers highest (227 mAh g−1) density (273 Wh kg−1) among reported cells, along long life (10,000 cycles). A two‐electron mechanism unlocked at amine/selenium sites PSe, accompanied by reversible uptake two CF3SO3− anions. This study highlights considerable potential lowâ€... Read More

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Bimodal lithium composite oxide for high capacity and long life lithium-ion batteries. The composite oxide is a mixture of two lithium composite oxides with different particle sizes. One is a nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide with small particles and the other is a cobalt-free nickel-manganese oxide with larger particles. This bimodal composition improves electrochemical properties and stability compared to low-cobalt or cobalt-free oxides. The small particle oxide provides high capacity while the large particle oxide prevents agglomeration and improves density.

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Redox flow battery with high-voltage bipolar redox molecules for energy storage, achieving voltages greater than 3.5 V through a novel bipolar design that combines an anolyte and catholyte separated by a non-conjugating insulating linker. The system enables efficient energy conversion through reversible redox reactions between the two half-cells, with the catholyte containing a para-dimethoxybenzene-based bipolar molecule and the anolyte containing a stilbene-based molecule, both separated by a two-CX2 linker. The system can be integrated into a single tank configuration with separate catholyte and anolyte tanks, and features an external load isolation system to prevent unintended electrical connections during charging.

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Lithium secondary battery with high energy density and improved cycle life by optimizing the charge/discharge behavior of the battery. The battery uses an overlithiated manganese oxide positive electrode material and a silicon-based negative electrode material. The overlithiated manganese oxide has a composition with >50 mol % Mn and >Li/Me ratio. The silicon negative electrode enables high capacity. The battery also satisfies a specific discharge behavior to balance energy density and cycle life.

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Negative electrode for a secondary battery that enhances charge capacity while maintaining discharge capacity. The negative electrode comprises a negative electrode active material layer with a specific composition of alkali metal carbonic acid compound and magnesium compound. The composition enables superior electrochemical performance in both charge and discharge cycles while maintaining the required surface area ratio between the negative and positive electrodes.

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