Redox Reversible Materials for EV Batteries

A method to prepare high quality monolithic lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide (NMC) positive electrode materials for batteries with improved performance and processability compared to conventional polycrystalline NMC. The method involves a solid-state reaction followed by wet milling and heat treatment to produce NMC particles with single crystal monolithic morphology. The wet milling step separates primary particles from agglomerated secondary particles. The heat treatment heals any cracks formed during milling. This allows controlling the particle size and morphology for optimal battery performance. The resulting monolithic NMC has uniform particle size distribution with D50 between 2-8 um and span less than 1.5.

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Cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved stability and cycling performance compared to traditional lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes. The new cathode has a fluoride-doped olivine crystal structure formed by a specific process. It involves calcining a mixture of fluoride-containing lithium source and fluoride-free lithium source at intermediate temperatures. The calcined material is then heated in a reducing atmosphere to form the fluoride-doped olivine cathode active material. The process provides a cathode with uniform fluoride distribution, small particle size, and carbon coating for stability.

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Fluorinated lithium-rich and manganese-based oxide (LMR) for high capacity, stable lithium-ion battery positive electrodes. The fluorinated LMR has the formula Li1+xMe1−xO2−yFy, where Me is mainly Mn, x is 0-0.33, and y is 0-0.1. The fluorine ions in the crystal structure improve capacity and cycling stability compared to non-fluorinated LMR. The fluorinated LMR can be made by mixing non-fluorinated LMR with a fluorine-containing solution, removing the solvent, and coating the fluorinated LMR onto a substrate to form the electrode.

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Cathode material for lithium-ion batteries that has improved cycle life and safety compared to conventional disordered rocksalt cathodes. The cathode material is a disordered rocksalt oxide with a lithium-containing cation and an anion comprising oxygen, fluorine, and optionally phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen. The composition has a higher fluorine content compared to just oxygen, which improves cycle life and reduces oxygen redox voltage for safer batteries. The cation can be lithium and another metal. The anion ratio is desirably oxygen-majority with minor fluorine and optionally P, S, N.

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Air-stable organic crystal-based metal ion batteries (MIBs) are important for cost-effective renewable energy storage. In the dearth of such crystalline organic reservoirs, a family porphyrin-fused extended conjugated sulfonamide compounds (ECSA) has been demonstrated here MIBs lithium (LIBs). The ECSA forms class metalloporphyrins (M4ZnSOTAPP) having different possibilities (M = Li+/Na+/K+) with four redox meso positions. discharge voltage Li4ZnSOTAPP LIB is found to be 2.5 V vs Li/Li+, in line theoretical calculations, capacity ~100 mAhg-1 cell constructed practically relevant conditions 1M electrolyte. Further demonstration stable performance (83 % retention till 500 cycles), its crystal structure and charge-discharge mechanism have unraveled. extension this synthetic strategy K4ZnSOTAPP crystals further establishes avenue -extended structures innate conductivity high as next-generation battery cathodes batteries.

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Bipolar redox active materials for electrochemical devices like redox flow batteries and lithium-ion batteries. The materials are derivatives of isatin, a natural compound, that exhibit reversible redox behavior in non-aqueous solvents. They can be used as bipolar redox materials in redox flow batteries or as redox shuttle additives in lithium-ion and other batteries to prevent overcharging and overdischarging. The bipolar redox behavior allows using the same isatin derivative compound as both the catholyte and anolyte in redox flow batteries, simplifying the design compared to using separate materials for each electrode.

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Lithiumrich manganesebased oxides (LRMOs) materials are considered to be the nextgeneration cathode for highenergy Liion/metal batteries owing their superior specific capacity, high operation voltage and low cost. However, commercial application of LRMOs is constrained by surface structure degradation lattice oxygen release, resulting in initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) rapid capacity decay. Herein, we propose a facile sorbic acidassisted treatment strategy construct homogeneous multifunctional interface layers composed layeredspinel heterogeneous vacancies on LRMOs, which enhance stability improve activity reversibility anionic redox reactions. The interfacial effectively suppress irreversible release alleviate unfavorable phase transformation. As consequence, treated displays improved ICE 88.3%, retention rate (87.9% at 1 C after 150 cycles) decay ratio (1.26 mV per cycle). These findings provide valuable new idea comprehensive electrochemical performance through multistrategy synergistic engineering techniques.

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Lithiumrich manganesebased oxides (LRMOs) materials are considered to be the nextgeneration cathode for highenergy Liion/metal batteries owing their superior specific capacity, high operation voltage and low cost. However, commercial application of LRMOs is constrained by surface structure degradation lattice oxygen release, resulting in initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) rapid capacity decay. Herein, we propose a facile sorbic acidassisted treatment strategy construct homogeneous multifunctional interface layers composed layeredspinel heterogeneous vacancies on LRMOs, which enhance stability improve activity reversibility anionic redox reactions. The interfacial effectively suppress irreversible release alleviate unfavorable phase transformation. As consequence, treated displays improved ICE 88.3%, retention rate (87.9% at 1 C after 150 cycles) decay ratio (1.26 mV per cycle). These findings provide valuable new idea comprehensive electrochemical performance through multistrategy synergistic engineering techniques.

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LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 is limited in practical applications due to its low electronic conductivity and slow Li+ diffusion rate. Therefore, Cu doping was applied modify LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4, the mechanism of Cu2+ "three-function" synergistic enhancement cathode material performance explored. Compared undoped sample (LMFP), Cu-doped (LMFP-Cu 1%) exhibited significantly improved coefficient. First-principles calculations also confirmed high barrier LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4@C. Additionally, LiMn0.6Fe0.39Cu0.01PO4@C demonstrated excellent rate cycling stability, with discharge capacities 160.3 mA h g-1 121.2 at 0.1 2C rates, respectively. After 200 cycles 1C rate, capacity retention 92.5%. The first principle calculation DFT can help show that introduction effectively reduce intrinsic Li+, situ XRD analysis revealed good structural stability reversibility. incorporation represents a promising approach improving lithium storage capabilities materials.

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Abstract Lithium-manganese-rich (LMR) oxides are regarded as one of the most promising cathode materials for next-generation batteries. However, their poor rate capability and performance degradation during cycling present significant challenges practical applications. Understanding how to optimize microscopic structures synthesis may provide critical insights enhancing performance. In this work, we investigated structural evolution solid-state sintering Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 from Li-/Mn-/Ni-carbonate precursors. Combining X-ray diffraction transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, observed nucleation a nanoscaled solid-solution phase at 550C, accompanied by secondary phases spinel-like, layered rocksalt. At 800C, relatively pure R3 m is formed. Notably, uncovered, first time, transition structure chemically separated two-phase when annealing sample 850C 900C. Atomic resolution scanning-TEM (STEM) imaging clearly distinguished C2/m phase, coherent grain boundary, confirmed STEM-energy-dispersion spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) mapping. Our calculations indicate that diffusion N... Read More

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Abstract The kinetics difference of sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) results in the shuttle effect issue lithiumsulfur (LiS) batteries, challenging their commercial use. electrocatalytic polysulfide conversion is regarded as a proactive strategy for suppressing such shuttling. Here, phase engineering proposed constructing highperformance crystal catalysts, using 2D TaTe 2 typical example to demonstrate rational catalyst design principle that urgent need developing right push forward practical use LiS batteries. Teenriched edges facilitate formation thinlayer LiTe x analogs, thereby accelerating ratedetermining step SRR, evidenced by activation energy from 0.96 0.76 eV. presence dynamic catalytic intermediates (LiTe ) and mitigation shuttle effect are confirmed through situ Raman spectroscopy. Consequently, catalyzed battery delivers an outstanding cycleability with low capacity degradation rate 0.035% per cycle over 1500 cycles at 2.0 C, even ultrahigh retention 94.9% 100 achieved pouch cell high areal loading 9.4 mg cm 2 .

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Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising cathode materials for highperformance lithiumion batteries (LIBs) due to their welldefined topologies and tunable pore architectures. However, practical application is often limited by intrinsically sluggish charge transfer inferior reaction kinetics. To address these challenges, we develop an ionic quinolinelinked COF (iQCOF) via a onepot Povarov with triazole liquid. The iQCOF architecture achieves synergistic enhancement integrating bridgeinduced delocalization facilitate transport, the specific adsorption effect gain fast atmosphere dissociation rate, polar triazine units enable uniform ion flux stable interfaces. As result, delivers high capacity of 407 mAh g1 701 Wh kg1, exceptional rate capability (121 at 10 A g1) 0.0027% per cycle over 10000 cycles, further highlighting its potential cathode. This work provides convenient strategy advanced COFbased cathodes kinetics highrate performance, paving way nextgeneration energy storage technologies.

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Abstract Lithiumcarbon dioxide (LiCO 2 ) batteries have recently emerged as an innovative solution for energy storage and CO capture, storage, utilization. However, LiCO chemistry exhibits poor reversibility limited cycle life due to the cathode passivation caused by insulating discharge productLi 3 . Herein, a liquid metal (LM)based catalyst anchored on reduced graphene oxide (rGO@LM@Ru) is introduced mitigate thus enhance electrochemical performance of batteries. These findings indicate that LM plays critical role in improving charge transfer stabilizing Ru its surface. The rGO@LM@Ru offers low charge/discharge voltage gap 1.0 V, extended over 500 h, well enhanced capacity rate This work proposes novel design redox, which suggests promising application nextgeneration

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Mixing electroactive materials, solid-state electrolytes, and conductive carbon to fabricate composite electrodes is the most practiced but least understood process in all-solid-state batteries, which strongly dictates interfacial stability charge transport. We report on universal halide segregation at interfaces across various halogen-containing electrolytes a family of high-energy chalcogen cathodes enabled by mechanochemical reaction during ultrahigh-speed mixing. Bulk interface characterizations multimodal synchrotron x-ray probes cryotransmission electron microscopy show that situ segregated lithium layers substantially boost effective ion transport suppress volume change bulk cathodes. Various lithium-chalcogen cells demonstrate utilization close 100% extraordinary cycling commercial-level areal capacities.

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Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries that can be recharged, store energy in the form of chemical electrode materials, which may then converted into electrical when battery is discharged. A lot effort has been put improving performance via screening electroactive materials and assessing their structural integrity cycle reversibility. In order to effectively deal with issues like large volume variation, unstable interface, limited cyclability, rate capability, this chapter discusses recent advances oxide utilization for Li rechargeable both anode cathode, through nano-engineering active materials. Future research efforts will focus on enhancing materials stability, strength, cycle, various performances.

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Abstract ZnS batteries have garnered widespread attention in recent years due to their higher safety and low cost. However, challenges such as incomplete sulfur redox reactions the tendency of ZnS agglomerate impeded continued advancement highperformance batteries. Hollow hierarchical porous carbon spheres (HCs) are designed efficient hosts for The tailored HCs, featuring optimized shell thickness, porosity, facilitate uniform nanoZnS deposition, improve ion/electron transport, which revealed by situ impedance technology. This nano reactor design ensures highly reversible SZnS conversion, reducing internal polarization mitigating structural degradation. Electrochemical tests demonstrate outstanding cycling stability, with minimal capacity decay (0.068%) over 500 cycles, 463 mAh g 1 at 5 A . Finite element simulations further confirm effective stress dispersion preserving electrode integrity. work provides a promising strategy developing

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Abstract Fluoropolymers promise all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASLMBs) but suffer from two critical challenges. The first is the trade-off between ionic conductivity ( ) and anode reactions, closely related to high-content residual solvents. second, usually consciously overlooked, fluoropolymers inherent instability against alkaline anodes. Here, we propose indium-based metalorganic frameworks (In-MOFs) as a multifunctional promoter simultaneously address these challenges, using poly(vinylidene fluoridehexafluoropropylene) (PVH) typical fluoropolymer. In-MOF plays trio: (1) adsorbing converting free solvents into bonded states prevent their side reactions with anodes while retaining advantages on Li + transport; (2) forming inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interphase layers PVH reacting promote uniform deposition without dendrite growth; (3) reducing crystallinity promoting Li-salt dissociation. Therefore, resulting PVH/In-MOF (PVH-IM) showcases excellent electrochemical stability anodes, delivering 5550 h cycling at 0.2 mA cm 2 remarkable cumulative capacity... Read More

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Organic ionic plastic crystal (OIPC) materials exhibit soft solid phases within a specific temperature range, making them promising candidates for various electrochemical devices due to their intrinsic conductivity and stability. In this study, series of linear trispyrrolidinium salts with different alkyl side chain lengths counteranions were synthesized systematically characterized in terms structural, thermal, properties. Among the compounds, N,Nbis(4(Nundecylpyrrolidinium)butyl)pyrrolidinium trishexafluorophosphate (11PF6) exhibited two solidsolid phase transitions, low fusion entropy (Sf) 13 JK1mol1 at 210 C. Similarly, N,Nbis(4(Ndodecylpyrrolidinium)butyl)pyrrolidinium (12PF6) showed multiple transitions Sfof 18 206 The temperaturedependent crystalline 11PF6 identified as using polarized optical microscopy 1D wideangle Xray scattering (WAXS). was measured be 2.04106 Scm1 70 Upon blending 80 mol% LiTf2N, significantly increased 1.16104 Scm1. Electrochemical stability evaluated via sweep ... Read More

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ABSTRACT Highnickel ternary cathode (HNCM) materials are regarded as the primary choice for lithiumion batteries (LIBs) due to their high energy density. However, development is limited by lithiumnickel mixing, microcrack generation, and surface side reactions. Herein, a combined rolltoroll vacuum vapor deposition process used prepare LiNi 0.9 Co 0.05 Mn O 2 (NCM9055) material with dense, ultrathin, robust lithium fluoride (LiF) protective layer. Compared traditional methods, this approach allows precise control over thickness rate of deposited LiF layer, producing uniform layer that enhances stability. This not only effectively reduces direct contact between electrolyte electrode surface, mitigating corrosion reactions, but also strengthens structural integrity cathode, thereby significantly improving cycling The NCM9055 10 nm exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance, especially at cutoff voltages 4.3 4.5 V, excellent performance 1 C. Additionally, introduction improves thermal stability NCM9055, further enhancing safety highnickel batteries. study demonstr... Read More

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Lithium-ion battery cathode material with improved cycling life and capacity retention for electric vehicle applications. The cathode active material is a high nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide composition with a surface layer containing aluminum. The aluminum-doped surface layer improves cycling stability compared to uncoated high nickel cathodes. The aluminum content in the surface is 0.04-0.15 wt% of the total cathode material. The coated particles have median sizes of 3-15 um and surface layer thicknesses of 5-200 nm.

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Derivatives of the chemical compound 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMTD) that can be used in electrochemical applications like batteries. The DMTD derivatives are obtained by reacting DMTD with other chemical reagents like halogenated hydrocarbons, epoxides, carboxamides, carboxylates, and bases. These reactions convert functional groups on DMTD to modify its properties. The derivatives have improved solubility, electrochemical performance, and stability compared to DMTD itself.

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To address the growing demand for energy and support shift toward transportation electrification intermittent renewable energy, there is an urgent need low-cost, energy-dense electrical storage. Research on Li-ion electrode materials has predominantly focused ordered with well-defined lithium diffusion channels, limiting cathode design to resource-constrained Ni- Co-based oxides lower-energy polyanion compounds. Recently, disordered rocksalts excess (DRX) have demonstrated high capacity density when and/or local ordering allow statistical percolation of sites through structure. This cation disorder can be induced by temperature synthesis or mechanochemical methods a broad range compositions. DRX oxyfluorides containing Earth-abundant transition metals been prepared using various routes, including solid-state, molten-salt, sol-gel reactions. review outlines principles explains effect conditions short-range (SRO), which determines cycling stability rate capability. In addition, strategies enhance Li transport retention Mn-rich possessing partial spinel-like are discussed. Finally, cons... Read More

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Abstract To be commercially viable, the electrolyte for lithium metal batteries (LMBs) must enable both long cycle life and fast charging characteristics under extreme conditions (high cathode loading, low negative/positive ratio, electrolyte/cathode ratio). While LiFSIbased electrolytes typically provide LMBs with extended life, they often fall short in terms of kinetics. This study, first time, demonstrates that LiNO 3 based can simultaneously achieve excellent reversibility rapid kinetics LMBs, outperforming stateoftheart electrolytes. Notably, LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn O 2 (NCM811) || Li exhibit 80% capacity retention after 430 cycles, along outstanding rate performance (2.35 mAh cm at 12 mA cm 2 ) practical (20 mg NCM811, 50 m foil, 5.6 mL Ah electrolyte). The attributed to efficient transport ions through bulk electrode/electrolyte interphases. work highlights significance lowcost salt presents an alternative pathway achieving superior conditions.

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Electrodes, electrochemical cells, and charge storage devices using fused aromatic materials like bis-tetraaminobenzoquinone (BTABQ) and oligomers/polymers thereof. These materials have dense redox-active sites, extended conjugation, and efficient electronic delocalization. They exhibit high charge storage capacities at high rates in various electrolytes. The fused aromatic systems facilitate rapid pseudocapacitive intercalation throughout the electrode bulk. The materials have solubility less than 1 mM, high charge density, and pH sensitivity.

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Rechargeable lithium battery with improved cycle life and capacity by using a specific composition of particle sizes in the positive electrode. The electrode contains small 1-8 um monolithic particles and larger 10-20 um secondary particles, both containing nickel-based lithium oxide. This mixture with a density over 3.4 g/cc has an X-ray diffraction peak intensity ratio over 3. It provides high capacity and cycle life by reducing side reactions, improving efficiency and temperature stability.

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Preparing a lithium-ion battery cathode material precursor with large ion channels to improve battery performance. The method involves co-precipitating nickel, cobalt, and manganese with sodium and ammonium ions. After sintering to remove the sodium and ammonium, a precursor with a large ion channel structure is obtained. This provides a cathode material skeleton with enlarged ion channels that facilitates lithium ion deintercalation during battery cycling.

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Carbonaceous material, production method, electrode active material, electrode, and electrochemical device for high performance electrochemical devices like batteries and capacitors. The carbonaceous material has a specific surface area of 1550-2500 m2/g, oxygen/hydrogen content of 1.00-2.10 mg/m2, and electrical conductivity of 10-15 S/cm. The production involves heating the precursor to 330°C under oxygen, then cooling under inert gas to reduce surface oxygen. This prevents pore shrinkage while reducing intra-skeletal oxygen. The final heat treatment under oxygen is critical, followed by cooling under inert gas. The resulting carbon has high capacitance, gas suppression, and durability.

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A lithium-ion battery electrode material with enhanced performance and cost-effectiveness. The material is a lithiated spinel-layered composite with a specific capacity of 200Ah, high cycle stability, and low cost. The material achieves these properties through a novel spinel structure with optimized lattice parameters and a tailored composition. The spinel structure enables improved electrochemical performance, while the precise composition and processing conditions enable significant cost reductions. The material's performance is validated through specific capacity retention, rate capacity, and voltage stability tests, demonstrating superior capacity retention compared to conventional materials.

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Positive electrode for a solid-state battery with high energy density and low internal resistance. The positive electrode has a composition and structure that allows it to provide high capacity and output while suppressing internal resistance. The positive electrode active material is a lithium-rich nickel-rich oxide like LiNi1-x-yMxO2. This high-Ni oxide improves cycle stability and energy density. The electrode also uses a thin positive electrode active material layer, a binder with low particle size, and a solid electrolyte with high lithium ion conductivity. These factors reduce the internal resistance while maintaining high energy density.

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Solid-state lithium battery electrolyte material with high ionic conductivity and compatibility with high voltage cathodes and lithium metal anodes. The electrolyte is a sulfide-based material with a composition of Li, T, X, and A where T is a Group 13 or 14 element, X is a halogen or BH4, and A is S, Se, or N. The material can have glass ceramic and crystalline phases with specific X-ray diffraction peaks. The electrolyte synthesis involves milling and heating precursor compositions to create the final sulfide glass, which can then crystallize into the desired phases.

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Metastable vanadium dioxide (V2O5) nanowires that can reversibly insert and extract high concentrations of magnesium (Mg) ions. The nanowires have a specific metastable phase, denoted ζ-V2O5, that allows for insertion of up to 0.33 Mg ions per V2O5 unit. This is much higher than the capacities observed for Mg insertion in other V2O5 phases. The ζ-V2O5 phase is stabilized by selectively leaching out cations from a precursor bronze phase. The high Mg intercalation capacity is attributed to the expanded interlayer spacing and structural features of the ζ-V2O5 phase that facilitate Mg diffusion.

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Lithium-ion battery cathode material with improved stability and performance through a novel approach to combining lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) with carbon. The material combines a high-performance LMFP with a carbon coating that is applied to the surface of the LMFP, creating a single-layer cathode structure. The carbon coating layer enhances the LMFP's electronic conductivity while preventing manganese dissolution through a synergistic effect. This approach eliminates the need for multiple coating layers and complex processing steps, enabling large-scale production of high-performance LMFP cathodes while maintaining superior stability and cycle life.

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Composite material for lithium-ion batteries with improved electrochemical performance. The composite includes lithium-vanadium oxide (LVO) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) with specific properties. The LVO has an average particle size of 500 nm or less and the CNT have a specific surface area of 50-500 m2/g. This composite can be prepared without ultracentrifugation or flash annealing steps by mixing the LVO and CNT powders, calcining, and annealing. The CNT surface chemistry helps disperse the LVO particles and form a composite with high capacity and power.

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High capacity batteries with metal oxide electrodes having acidic properties that improve performance compared to traditional metal oxides. The acidic metal oxide electrodes can have lower loading of active material, like 20-40% compared to conventional 80-99%, allowing for higher overall capacity. The acidic metal oxides can be alternated with conductive layers in the electrode structure. The acidic metal oxides can also be used in combination with acidic additives in the electrolyte. This acidic metal oxide and electrolyte composition provides enhanced capacity, cyclability, and longevity for batteries compared to traditional metal oxides.

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Positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries that has high capacity and excellent cycle life. The material contains lithium, cobalt, oxygen, and aluminum with a crystal structure belonging to the R-3m space group. The aluminum content is less than 0.2 times the cobalt content. This composition and crystal structure provide stable lithium storage and inhibit capacity fade during cycling. Adding magnesium further improves cycle life. The manufacturing method involves mixing the oxide precursors with aluminum in specific ratios.

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A process for preparing metal hydroxides, carbonates, and oxides containing nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium, aluminum, magnesium, and copper using simple and efficient chemical methods. The processes involve dissolving the metal salts in water, optionally adding other metal salts, and then adjusting the pH and electrolyzing the solution to convert to the desired metal hydroxide, carbonate, or oxide. The processes can be used to prepare metal hydroxides like Ni(OH)2, Co(OH)2, LiNiO2, LiCoO2, LiNiMnCoO2, LiNiAlO2, LiNiMgO2, LiNiCuO2, LiCoMgO2, LiCoAlO2, LiCoCuO2, and LiAlMgO

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Recycling lithium-ion battery electrode materials by relithiating them in a way that prevents the formation of cubic phases that impede performance in batteries. The relithiation process involves using an oxidizing agent in the solution to help convert cubic NMC phases to hexagonal NMC phases, and prevent the formation of cubic phases. The oxidizing agent also acts as an oxygen donor to fill oxygen vacancies in the lattice that arise from reduced nickel. This helps maintain the desired metal oxidation states during relithiation.

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Fluorine-substituted cation-disordered lithium metal oxides with improved cycling performance for lithium-ion batteries. The fluorine substitution helps alleviate oxygen loss during cycling that degrades electrochemical properties. The disordered lithium transition metal oxides have a general formula Li1+xM1-xO2-yFy where 0.05≤x≤0.3, 0<y≤0.3, and M is a transition metal. The fluorine substitution is randomly distributed in the disordered rocksalt structure along with oxygen. This prevents densification and maintains lithium excess levels necessary for fast lithium diffusion. The fluorine-substituted disordered oxides show improved discharge capacity, voltage, and rate capability compared to unsubstituted disordered oxides.

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Organic ptype cathode materials with high redox potentials and fast kinetics have captured widespread attention in propelling Znorganic batteries (ZOBs). However, their anionaccessible capacity is insufficient due to single electron reaction and/or energy barrier of each redoxactive unit. Here we design twoelectrondonating organic chalcogen small molecules (phenoxazine (PO), phenothiazine (PS) phenoselenazine (PSe)) tuned charge distributions transfer behaviors as for ZOBs. With the decrease chalcogenide electronegativity (O&gt;S&gt;Se), PSe liberates strongest coordination activity, efficient delocalization, storage an ultralow activation (0.23 vs. 0.34 eV PS 0.41 PO), which contributes dualelectron utilization phenazine motifs 99.2% (vs. 68.8% 52.7% PO). Consequently, Zn||PSe battery delivers highest (227 mAh g1) density (273 Wh kg1) among reported cells, along long life (10,000 cycles). A twoelectron mechanism unlocked at amine/selenium sites PSe, accompanied by reversible uptake two CF3SO3 anions. This study highlights considerable potential low... Read More

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Bimodal lithium composite oxide for high capacity and long life lithium-ion batteries. The composite oxide is a mixture of two lithium composite oxides with different particle sizes. One is a nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide with small particles and the other is a cobalt-free nickel-manganese oxide with larger particles. This bimodal composition improves electrochemical properties and stability compared to low-cobalt or cobalt-free oxides. The small particle oxide provides high capacity while the large particle oxide prevents agglomeration and improves density.

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Redox flow battery with high-voltage bipolar redox molecules for energy storage, achieving voltages greater than 3.5 V through a novel bipolar design that combines an anolyte and catholyte separated by a non-conjugating insulating linker. The system enables efficient energy conversion through reversible redox reactions between the two half-cells, with the catholyte containing a para-dimethoxybenzene-based bipolar molecule and the anolyte containing a stilbene-based molecule, both separated by a two-CX2 linker. The system can be integrated into a single tank configuration with separate catholyte and anolyte tanks, and features an external load isolation system to prevent unintended electrical connections during charging.

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Lithium secondary battery with high energy density and improved cycle life by optimizing the charge/discharge behavior of the battery. The battery uses an overlithiated manganese oxide positive electrode material and a silicon-based negative electrode material. The overlithiated manganese oxide has a composition with >50 mol % Mn and >Li/Me ratio. The silicon negative electrode enables high capacity. The battery also satisfies a specific discharge behavior to balance energy density and cycle life.

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Negative electrode for a secondary battery that enhances charge capacity while maintaining discharge capacity. The negative electrode comprises a negative electrode active material layer with a specific composition of alkali metal carbonic acid compound and magnesium compound. The composition enables superior electrochemical performance in both charge and discharge cycles while maintaining the required surface area ratio between the negative and positive electrodes.

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Coated cathode active material for lithium-ion batteries that improves cycle life and reduces manganese leaching compared to uncoated materials. The coated cathode active material has a core of a lithium-rich layered oxide containing primarily Mn and Ni, surrounded by a thin shell of tin oxide. The coating prevents Mn leaching during cycling and improves cycle life. The coating is formed by treating the core material with a tin salt solution before calcination. The coated cathode active material can be used in lithium-ion batteries for applications like electric vehicles, laptops, and tools.

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Negative electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries featuring a silicon-based composite active material. The composite comprises a silicon-based active material, phenoxy resin, and carbon nanotubes in a weight ratio of 1:0.0013 to 1:0.01. The composite is used in a negative electrode active material layer, where it enhances electrical conductivity while maintaining structural integrity. The composite provides improved performance compared to conventional silicon-based materials.

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Carbon material with improved battery performance for secondary cells, comprising a spherical graphite with controlled pore structure. The material's external region and internal region are formed through controlled filling of a suitable carbon material, with pore sizes and numbers within a specific range. This controlled pore structure enables precise filling of the graphite's internal defects while preventing electrolyte infiltration, resulting in enhanced initial coulombic efficiency, improved energy density, and superior cycling performance.

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Sulfur-doped nanoporous carbon aerogels for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries. The aerogels have a unique fibrillar pore structure that provides optimal sulfur loading and entrapment. The carbon aerogels are made by polymerization, imidization, pyrolysis, and sulfur incorporation. The fibrillar morphology and narrow pore size distribution prevent sulfur dissolution during cycling. The aerogels are monolithic, binder-free, and have high electrical conductivity and density. They enable high sulfur loadings, reversible capacity, and cycle life in lithium-sulfur batteries.

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Electrode materials for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries using layered sodium metal oxides as active materials. The layered sodium metal oxides have stacking structures like P2 or O3 found in lithium metal oxides. They contain sodium and at least one other metal like cobalt, manganese, nickel, iron, titanium, chromium, vanadium, copper, antimony, or their combinations. These sodium metal oxide electrode materials offer lower cost alternatives to lithium metal oxides while maintaining good electrochemical performance.

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Abstract In this study, a seleniumdoped sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SeSPAN) cathode fabricated by dry process with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) binder is proposed to address issues in currently developed dryprocessed cathodes. The SeSPAN (D/SeSPAN) characterized dense, robust, uniform structure that successfully resists the internal stress evolution caused significant volume variations of under highloading conditions. Understanding these architectural advantages D/SeSPAN, unrivaled potential D/SeSPAN compared traditional slurryprocessed cathodes (S/SeSPAN) established through series indepth electrochemicalmechanical investigations. As result, recorded 31.8 mAh cm 2 reversible areal capacities ultrahighloading conditions (64.2 mg ) exhibited remarkable cycle stability. Based on vital design guidelines are provided for developing Sbased crucial realizing costeffective ecofriendly battery production.

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Cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved capacity by incorporating zirconium into the lithium nickel manganese oxide cathode active material. The zirconium replaces a small portion of the nickel and lithium, creating a composite oxide with a specific chemical composition and layer structure. The zirconium-doped cathode material allows reducing the nickel content while maintaining electrochemical performance. The zirconium-doped material has a higher discharge capacity compared to pure nickel-manganese-lithium oxide.

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