Increasing EV Battery Density with Nanomaterial

Lithium-ion batteries with enhanced cycling performance through negative electrodes incorporating high-capacity silicon oxide active materials. The electrodes achieve superior cycling stability by incorporating a blend of silicon oxide and graphite with a significant component of graphite. The binder characteristics also contribute to the cycling stability. The electrolyte formulations employ fluoroethylene carbonate as the solvent and exclude other unstable components, ensuring the electrodes maintain their structural integrity during cycling. The combination of silicon oxide and graphite active materials, along with optimized binder blends, enables batteries with cycling capabilities exceeding 800 cycles at reasonable discharge rates.

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High ceramic content composite solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries that provides better performance compared to traditional solid electrolytes. The composite electrolyte is prepared by milling amorphous boron nitride (BN) nanosheets and mixing them with a polymer electrolyte like PVDF-HFP. The composite has high ionic conductivity, stability, and lithium ion migration number due to the fast ion diffusion channels, large volume expansion space, and surface defects of the BN nanosheets. The composite also has wide electrochemical windows and interface stability between the electrode and electrolyte.

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Enhancing lithium-ion battery performance through nanostructured electrode materials that significantly increase energy density, enable faster charging, and enhance safety. The nanostructured materials, engineered at the nanoscale, exhibit unique properties including increased surface area, improved electrical conductivity, and enhanced thermal management capabilities. These properties enable the development of lithium-ion batteries with enhanced energy density, faster charging rates, and improved safety features compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. The nanostructured electrodes address critical challenges such as capacity fading, charging speed limitations, and thermal runaway concerns, making them a critical component in the development of high-performance lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and portable electronics.

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Negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries that combines high capacity silicon oxide active materials with improved cycling stability through specific design features. The electrode comprises from 75% to 92% silicon oxide, 1% to 7% nanoscale conductive carbon, and 6% to 20% polymer binder, with a blend of mechanically strong polyimide and elastic polymer binder. The design incorporates a blend of silicon oxide and graphite, with nanoscale carbon for enhanced conductivity, and a polymer binder with specific mechanical properties that enhance electrode lamination and electrical conductivity. This combination enables significant capacity retention and improved cycling stability compared to conventional silicon-based electrodes, while maintaining high energy density.

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Lithium-sulfur battery with enhanced electrical conductivity through carbonaceous materials replacing anode tabs. The battery features a jelly roll design where carbonaceous materials replace traditional anode tabs, creating a conductive pathway between cathode and anode while maintaining mechanical integrity. The carbonaceous materials are integrated into the battery structure through a slurry process, enabling precise control of sulfur loading and distribution. This design approach addresses the polysulfide shuttle effect, enables higher sulfur utilization, and maintains cell stability during operation.

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Lithium secondary battery with enhanced capacity and thermal stability. The battery incorporates lithium metal oxide cathode active material with a concentration gradient region between the center and surface, and anode comprising silicon-based and carbon-based active materials. The gradient creates a localized concentration gradient in the cathode material, while the anode's composition with higher silicon content and carbon content provides enhanced thermal stability. The battery achieves improved energy density, capacity retention, and temperature resistance compared to conventional designs.

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Negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries that combines high capacity silicon oxide active materials with improved cycling stability through specific electrode design features. The electrode comprises silicon oxide, graphite, nanoscale carbon, and a polymer binder, with the polymer binder comprising at least 50% polyimide and a distinct second polymer binder with an elastic modulus of no more than 2.4 GPa. The design incorporates a blend of silicon oxide and graphite with a significant component of graphite, along with a binder blend that provides both mechanical strength and adhesion. The electrode achieves remarkable cycling stability, maintaining over 80% of its capacity after 450 cycles at 2.3V-4.35V, while delivering high energy density.

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Negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries that achieves high cycling stability through a novel design combining silicon oxide active material with graphite. The electrode comprises silicon oxide (SiOx) as the primary active material, with graphite and nanoscale carbon contributing to electrical conductivity, and a high-performance polymer binder. The binder blend incorporates a high-strength polymer with an elastic modulus of 2.4 GPa, enabling laminated electrode structure. This design enables significant capacity retention during cycling, with cells achieving over 600 charge/discharge cycles while maintaining over 80% of initial capacity. The design is compatible with conventional positive electrode materials, including nickel-rich lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, and can be adapted for various battery formats.

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Silicon-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries that achieve improved cycle life and capacity compared to conventional anodes. The anode comprises a fibrous silicon precursor, which is processed through a series of chemical reduction steps to produce a porous silica-based fiber. The fiber is then washed and purified to create a highly porous structure with interconnected pores, where silicon is present in concentrations greater than 20 weight percent. This unique fiber architecture enables enhanced lithium-ion intercalation and capacity retention, while maintaining superior mechanical strength and thermal stability.

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Silicon-graphite composite for lithium battery anodes that enhances anode performance through controlled expansion and intercalation resistance. The composite incorporates a silicon source fiber into an interlayer structure of flake graphite, where the fiber is restrained through an interfacial force to prevent excessive expansion during cycling. The composite is prepared through a novel calcination process that maintains the fiber's integrity while promoting controlled expansion and intercalation.

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Nanocomposites comprising 2D carbon and 2D boron nitride materials, where the carbon material is reduced graphene oxide and the boron nitride material is hexagonal boron nitride, exhibit enhanced thermal stability, mechanical strength, and electrochemical performance. The 2D materials work synergistically to improve the nanocomposite's thermal resistance, surface area, and electrochemical properties, particularly under high temperature and pressure conditions. The nanocomposite can be used as an electrode material in lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, enabling safe and reliable operation at elevated temperatures and pressures.

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Composite electrodes for lithium-ion batteries that overcome conventional issues of cracking and pulverization during repeated charge-discharge cycles. The electrodes feature a conductive anode material, a charge-conducting binder, and a network of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) bound to the binder's surface. The binder, a conjugated polythiophene, specifically interacts with the nanotube surface, effectively capturing and stabilizing the nanotubes while maintaining electrical conductivity. This architecture enables suppressed electrode breakdown, reduced electrode thickness variations, and enhanced SEI formation, leading to improved battery performance and durability.

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Flexible supercapacitor electrodes featuring nanomaterials arranged in controlled orientations on flexible substrates. The electrodes exhibit superior performance characteristics, including enhanced ion transport pathways and improved energy density, due to the deliberate arrangement of nanomaterials with specific orientations. The arrangement enables conformal conforming of conductive nanotubes or other materials to the flexible substrate surface, while maintaining mechanical stability under operational conditions.

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Energy storage devices with enhanced lithium-ion intercalation capabilities through the integration of nanoscale carbon nanotube structures with intercalation materials. The devices feature vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays on a conductive substrate, where the nanotube edges serve as active sites for intercalation of lithium ions. The intercalation material is applied in a controlled manner to the nanotube edges, allowing precise control over the intercalation process. The nanoscale structure enables efficient lithium storage and release, while the controlled intercalation process enables stable capacity retention over multiple charge cycles.

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A novel SiO/C/Cu composite material for lithium-ion batteries that addresses the challenges of silicon anode degradation through improved conductivity, structural stability, and cycle performance. The material is prepared through a novel hydrothermal synthesis process followed by Cu layer deposition, resulting in a SiO/C/Cu composite with enhanced electrical conductivity, structural integrity, and reversible lithium insertion properties. This composite material enables high-capacity, long-cycle performance in lithium-ion batteries while maintaining superior cycle life compared to conventional silicon anodes.

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Energy storage devices, particularly rechargeable batteries, that achieve enhanced performance characteristics through the optimization of electrode materials and their processing conditions. The devices employ conversion-type electrodes with nanoscale particle sizes of 0.2-20 microns, which exhibit moderate volume changes during charging and discharging. These electrodes are formed through a novel approach involving conversion-type materials that undergo phase transformation during charging, followed by controlled processing to achieve the desired nanoscale particle size and density. The conversion-type materials are particularly effective in achieving high-capacity electrodes with moderate volume changes, enabling improved cycle stability and energy density compared to conventional intercalation-type electrodes.

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Improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries by optimizing the active material in the positive electrode. The active material has a grain size of 10-100 nm, a surface area of 10 m2/g or more, and an X-ray diffraction half width of 0.12-0.17 degrees. This optimizes the diffusion path for lithium ions, increasing the charging and discharging rate.

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Metal lithium negative electrode with enhanced protective layer for lithium-ion batteries, comprising a substrate and a nano-conductive carbon material-coated surface layer. The nano-carbon material, comprising carbon nanofibers or carbon nanotubes, is deposited on the substrate surface through a mixed solution process, forming a high surface area protective layer. This layer enhances lithium deposition uniformity and prevents dendrite formation while maintaining sufficient electrical conductivity. The resulting electrode exhibits improved safety characteristics compared to conventional lithium metal electrodes.

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Graphene-protected electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries achieve high-capacity performance through a novel approach of encapsulating anode active materials within graphene matrices. The method involves dispersing the anode material in a graphene dispersion medium, followed by encapsulation of the dispersion in a carbon matrix. This composite structure provides enhanced mechanical stability, improved electrical conductivity, and enhanced thermal management properties compared to conventional cathode materials. The graphene matrix enables controlled expansion and contraction of the anode material during cycling, while the encapsulation provides a protective barrier against electrolyte degradation. The resulting composite electrode demonstrates superior performance characteristics, including enhanced reversible capacity, improved cycling stability, and increased rate capability, while maintaining the necessary lithium-ion conductivity.

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High-energy density lithium-ion battery cell featuring a unique cathode structure combining gradient nickel-based lithium metal oxide and a CNT-Si composite anode. The cathode contains gradient nickel oxide layers with varying concentrations, while the anode comprises a CNT-encapsulated nanoporous silicon matrix with a carbon nanotube content of 60-95%. This hybrid design enables exceptional energy density and power performance while maintaining excellent cycle life.

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A double-coated nano-silicon anode material for lithium-ion batteries that addresses the challenges of silicon anode degradation and SEI film instability. The material consists of silicon nanoparticles with a copper coating on the surface, followed by a conductive protective layer. The copper coating enhances conductivity while the protective layer prevents SEI formation. The material is prepared through a controlled suspension process followed by rapid heat treatment to create the composite structure. This innovative approach enables improved conductivity and electrochemical performance compared to conventional silicon anodes.

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Mesoporous silicon-copper composite electrode material for lithium-ion batteries, prepared through a unique impregnation process combining magnesium thermal reduction of mesoporous silica with hydrogen reduction of copper particles. The composite material exhibits superior conductivity, ductility, and reversible capacity compared to pure mesoporous silicon, with improved stability and rate performance under charge-discharge cycles. This material is particularly beneficial for lithium-ion batteries, enabling high capacity, long cycle life, and enhanced safety features through the incorporation of copper.

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Lithium-carbon composite material for high energy density lithium-ion batteries with reduced dendrite formation and improved cycle life compared to using pure lithium metal as anode. The composite material contains carbon particles with attached lithium or filled pores, which prevents dendrite growth during cycling. The lithium is adsorbed onto the carbon surface or fills voids instead of plating directly onto the electrode. This reduces lithium consumption, suppresses dendrite formation, and improves cycle life compared to using pure lithium metal as anode. The composite material can be made by mixing carbon particles with molten lithium and cooling.

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Flexible fast-charge lithium metal battery with enhanced performance through the use of graphene and carbon nanotubes as a negative electrode skeleton. The battery combines lithium metal electrodes with graphene and carbon nanotube composite electrodes, featuring a flexible lithium iron phosphate positive electrode and polyethylene oxide electrolyte. The graphene and carbon nanotube composite electrodes provide high specific surface area, improved ion transport, and enhanced mechanical flexibility, while the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode maintains high capacity and stability. The battery achieves rapid charge-discharge rates of up to 5% Coulomb efficiency and maintains excellent cycle life of over 1000 cycles.

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Nanocomposite electrode material for rechargeable lithium batteries that combines electronic conductivity with electrochemical activity. The material comprises a nanoparticulate lithium compound and a nanoparticulate binder, with average particle sizes of both materials matching. The binder is incorporated into a nanocomposite structure, where the nanoparticulate compound releases electrons and Li+ ions during cycling. The binder's nanoparticulate form enables uniform intermixing with the compound, reducing binder weight while maintaining high conductivity. This nanocomposite architecture enables enhanced electrochemical performance, including high specific energy and power density, through improved Li+ diffusion and charge storage.

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A porous silicon copper-plated electrode for lithium-ion batteries that enhances cycle life and rate performance through controlled silicon expansion management. The electrode is prepared by vacuum-drying copper-plated porous silicon, followed by Ag catalyst-assisted aggregation of copper ions. The resulting electrode structure is then formed by sintering in a controlled atmosphere. This approach prevents rapid silicon pulverization and maintains the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) barrier, while the Ag catalyst facilitates copper aggregation and binding to the silicon surface.

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A method for preparing a porous silicon nanofiber/carbon composite for lithium-ion batteries that addresses the limitations of traditional carbon materials. The process involves leaching chrysotile asbestos fibers to extract magnesium oxide (MgO) nano-silica, followed by thermal reduction to produce porous silicon nanofibers. These fibers are then coated with carbon through pyrolytic carbonization or chemical vapor deposition. The resulting composite material exhibits enhanced lithium-ion battery performance characteristics, including improved specific capacity and cycle stability, while maintaining the natural asbestos properties.

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A method for preparing high-performance lithium-ion batteries with enhanced energy density through flexible packaging. The method involves creating a carbon nanotube solution, depositing it onto a diaphragm surface through oxidation treatment, and then depositing a carbon nanotube-based current collector. The resulting composite structure enables high specific energy density while maintaining flexibility and mechanical integrity.

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High-voltage, high-capacity lithium-sulfur battery with improved cycle performance, stability, voltage tolerance, capacity, and safety compared to conventional lithium-sulfur batteries. The improvements are achieved by optimizing the electrode and electrolyte materials. The cathode is an ultra-thick sintered sulfur electrode that prevents sulfur shuttle and degradation. The anode is a composite of lithium metal, carbon, glass fiber, cellulose, or polymer to prevent dendrite formation. The electrolyte is a mixture of lithium salt and ionic liquid to enhance stability.

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A novel negative electrode structure for lithium metal batteries that enhances cycle life through dendrite inhibition and electrolyte interface layer stabilization. The structure comprises a three-dimensional interconnected conduction network that prevents dendrite growth while maintaining stable electrolyte interfaces. This network enables controlled lithium ion transport through the electrode material, while the interface layer prevents unwanted side reactions. The combination of these two components enables improved battery performance compared to conventional electrodes.

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Nanocomposite materials of graphene bonded to metal oxides, formed through a one-step synthesis process. The nanocomposite materials exhibit enhanced charge-discharge rates compared to conventional titania electrodes, with specific capacities of at least twice that of titania alone. The nanocomposite materials are formed through a surfactant-mediated assembly process that enables controlled nucleation and growth of metal oxide nanoparticles onto graphene surfaces. The surfactant facilitates uniform coating of the metal oxide precursors through hydrophobic interactions with graphene. This approach enables the creation of uniform nanocomposite materials with high surface area and conductivity, enabling improved lithium-ion battery performance.

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Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid lithium/Graphene Nanocomposite for Lithium-Ion Batteries Lithium-ion battery cathode materials have gained significant attention due to their high specific capacity, flexibility, and sustainability. The present invention addresses the limitations of conventional materials through the development of anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid lithium/Graphene Nanocomposites. The composite is prepared through a simple and scalable process that combines anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid with graphene, enabling enhanced performance and stability in lithium-ion batteries.

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Silicon-carbon composite material for lithium-ion batteries that enables high-capacity anodes through controlled nano-scale particle dispersion. The material is prepared by incorporating nano-silica fume into a carbon matrix, where the silica particles are dispersed through a controlled mechanical mixing process. This approach enables the formation of high-performance silicon-carbon composites with improved mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and lithium-ion intercalation capacity compared to conventional nano-silica fume-based materials.

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Flexible lithium metal battery anode with enhanced mechanical properties and volume management capabilities. The anode comprises a lithium metal skeleton supported by a flexible, high-strength electrolyte matrix, where the skeleton is reinforced with nanostructured silica particles to prevent dendrite growth. The electrolyte matrix is designed to maintain its shape and structure during volume expansion, while the silica particles act as a protective barrier against electrolyte degradation. This configuration enables the anode to maintain its mechanical integrity even during high-charge and discharge cycles while preventing the formation of dendrites.

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Silicon-carbon composite material for lithium-ion batteries that improves charge-discharge cycle life through controlled pore size and wall nanostructure. The composite material is prepared through a thermal reduction process that creates micron-sized pores and nanostructured walls within the silicon matrix. This unique microstructure enhances the material's mechanical stability and electrical conductivity while minimizing the volume effect, thereby prolonging battery life.

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Lithium-ion battery cathode material with enhanced stability and performance through a novel carbon nanotube-based composite structure. The material comprises a lithium-ion battery cathode comprising PVDF:AB:FePO4 with a thickness of 150um, electrolyte:LiPF6:EC-DMC, assembled into a button cell (CR2025), and cycling 25 times with stable coulombic efficiency. The cathode material achieves improved stability through the incorporation of carbon nanotubes dispersed in a surfactant-free dispersion, which form uniform microspheres upon spray drying.

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Manufacturing lithium-sulfur batteries through a novel process that addresses existing limitations in lithium-sulfur battery performance. The method employs a unique separator structure comprising a porous carbon nanotube film with adsorption properties, integrated into the positive electrode configuration. This separator selectively captures lithium polysulfide anions, preventing their interaction with lithium metal and thereby inhibiting negative reaction kinetics, dendrite growth, and lithium sulfide precipitation. The separator's adsorption capabilities enable controlled lithium ion migration while maintaining cell performance and stability.

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High-performance lithium-ion battery anode material and method comprising a Si-SiOx / C / DC composite system. The material comprises submicron Si-SiOx uniform carbon particles dispersed in a stable structure, with the use of a carbon substrate buffer to improve silicon negative electrode cycle life. The composite is formed through a process involving organic pyrolytic carbon coating and a conductive carbon nanotube composite network. This material provides improved cycle life and electrical conductivity compared to conventional silicon-based anode materials.

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Nano copper-coated porous silicon composite material for lithium-ion battery anodes, prepared through a novel method that integrates electroless copper plating onto porous silicon particles with nano-etching silicon alloy. The composite material achieves high discharge capacity, charge-discharge cycling stability, and excellent power characteristics through the electroless copper plating process.

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A novel method for preparing ultrafine silicon-carbon nanocomposites through controlled synthesis of nanometer-sized spheres. The process involves the controlled formation of polymeric colloidal particles through thermoplastic resin dissolution and acid treatment, followed by selective washing, drying, and calcination to produce ultrafine silicon-carbon nanocomposites. This method enables the precise control of particle size and composition, making it particularly suitable for lithium-ion battery applications where ultrafine nanocomposites are required.

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A compound-graphene composite material for flexible lithium-ion batteries that enhances performance through chemical bonding of diatypes to graphene surfaces. The diatypes are chemically bonded to graphene, forming a stable interface that enables enhanced electrochemical properties. The composite material is prepared through a process involving diatypes, graphene, and a solvent, followed by dispersion and electrode assembly. The diatypes can be derived from brewing compounds or distilled polymers, while graphene serves as the electrode material. The resulting composite exhibits improved conductivity, stability, and mechanical flexibility compared to conventional organic cathode materials.

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Power storage device with enhanced performance through nano-sized active materials. The device features a positive electrode with ultrafine particles (10 nm or less) and a surface area of 10 m2/g, achieved through controlled firing and carbon support. The positive electrode material, Li(2-x)MSiO4, exhibits improved conductivity and crystallinity, enabling enhanced discharge capacity. The negative electrode, crystalline silicon, provides superior capacity compared to conventional carbon-based materials. The combination of these nano-sized materials with carbon support enables high-performance power storage devices.

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Composite electrode material for lithium-ion batteries that combines high energy density with excellent capacity retention. The material comprises a conductive matrix of carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers, with a specific aspect ratio of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers. The nanotubes are dispersed in a binder solution and then combined with carbon fibers. The resulting composite material exhibits superior conductivity, mechanical stability, and capacity retention compared to conventional materials.

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A lithium-ion battery cathode material comprising a silicon-carbon composite with enhanced specific capacity, enabling higher-performance lithium-ion batteries. The material combines a silicon matrix with graphene and carbon nanotubes, achieving a theoretical capacity of 4200mAh/g. The composite material comprises a silicon matrix with a nanostructured surface, where the surface is treated with a graphene and carbon coating. This nanostructured surface enables rapid charge/discharge cycles while maintaining safety, and the material's unique nanostructured surface provides improved electrical conductivity.

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A nanocomposite-based anode and cathode in lithium-ion batteries that achieves high specific capacity, excellent reversible capacity, and long cycle life through a novel nano-filament architecture. The electrodes comprise a porous aggregate of interconnected nano-filaments with diameters less than 1 μm, where the filaments form a three-dimensional network of electron-conducting paths. Electroactive particles are bonded to the surface of these filaments using a conductive binder, resulting in a material with superior mechanical stability, reversible capacity, and long cycle life compared to conventional materials.

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