V2G Integration for EV Battery Systems

A compact and efficient system for bi-directional charging of electric vehicles using existing AC charging stations. The system involves using a rectifier that converts AC power from the charging station to DC for the vehicle battery, and a reverse conversion using an inverter and motor when the vehicle needs to send power back to the grid. The rectifier can be integrated with the vehicle's existing AC-DC converter, eliminating the need for separate AC and DC charging hardware. This allows using any AC charging station without modifications.

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Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system that allows electric vehicles to provide electricity back to the grid during power outages or when the grid needs additional capacity. The system determines high-priority devices at a location that have lost power, identifies vehicles nearby, and directs electricity from those vehicles to the devices based on need. The system can also route electricity between sources like solar farms, batteries, and the grid to balance demand. The vehicles communicate with a smart meter processor to coordinate charging and discharging.

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System for managing electric grid loads using electric vehicle charging data. It monitors charging events of electric vehicles at charging stations connected to the grid. When the charging data indicates high demand or oversupply conditions on the grid, it generates grid alerts and takes actions like pausing charging, shifting charge times, or supplying energy back to the grid to manage the load. This dynamically adjusts the electric vehicle charging to mitigate grid issues like peak demand or oversupply.

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Control system for segmented winding electric motors in bidirectional direct-grid-tie power transfer applications like vehicle-to-grid (V2G) charging. The control system determines d-axis and q-axis command voltages for the secondary winding based on measured primary winding voltage, current, and rotor position. It then generates gate signals for the inverter to transfer power between primary and secondary windings using these commanded voltages. This allows precise control of power flow between the grid and vehicle battery during grid charging or discharging.

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The utilization of electric vehicles (EVs) has grown significantly and continuously in recent years, encouraging the creation new implementation opportunities. battery vehicle (BEV) charging system can be effectively used during peak load periods, for voltage regulation, improvement power stability within smart grid. It provides an efficient bidirectional interface from grid discharging into These two operation modes are referred to as grid-to-vehicle (G2V) vehicle-to-grid (V2G), respectively. management flow both directions is highly complex sensitive, which requires employing a robust control scheme. In this paper, Integral Fast Terminal Synergetic Control Scheme (IFTSC) designed BEV charger through accurately tracking required current G2V V2G modes. Moreover, Black-Winged Kite Algorithm introduced select optimal gains proposed IFTS checked using Lyapunov method. Comprehensive simulations MATLAB/Simulink conducted assess safety efficacy suggested IFTSC comparison with IFTSC, integral synergetic, conventional PID controllers. Furthermore, processor-in-the-loop (PIL) co-simulation ca... Read More

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Electric vehicle charge/discharge scheduling method and device for optimizing electric vehicle battery charging and discharging to buildings using vehicle-to-building (V2B) technology. The method involves inputting data like electric vehicle battery info, building power usage, and charging station details. It then sets an appropriate scheduling model using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) if the number of vehicles is less than stations, or mixed-integer quadratic programming (MIQP) if more vehicles. The scheduling model is optimized using an objective function and output as scheduling data to coordinate vehicle charging and discharging.

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Charging method for batteries in electric vehicles that improves accuracy of state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) estimation for lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries without disrupting normal driving patterns. The method involves calculating the exact SOC during charging by leveraging vehicle-to-grid (V2G) functionality. When the vehicle is plugged into a charging station, it first discharges to 24% SOC to accurately determine the SOC. It then charges back to full. This allows precise SOC determination without relying solely on open circuit voltage (OCV) in the flat voltage range of LFP batteries.

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Electric vehicle (EV) charging and discharging scheduling method that optimizes EV battery usage to reduce costs and generate profits by considering factors like contract for difference, smart charging, demand response, and national DR markets. The method involves setting a scheduling model with constraints like vehicle charging limits, prevention of reversed power flow, compliance with DR bid power, etc, and optimizing an objective function that balances regular charging/discharging for contract for difference, plus DR, and irregular charging/discharging for national DR.

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The European Union (EU) aims to realize the energy transition by increasing renewable production and enhancing flexibility of system. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, which enables electric vehicles (EVs) both draw power from supply back grid, presents a particularly important opportunity contribute this goal. However, technology faces legal regulatory barriers in some EU Member States, including Spain. This article investigates contribution V2G sector coupling examines its potential participation balancing markets, with specific focus on Spanish context. Balancing markets are technically well-suited for participation, but Spain's current legislation significant barriers. While level regulations supporting integration were introduced under Clean Energy All Europeans Package, Spains delayed or incomplete transposition these rules into national law continues prevent entering electricity markets. analyzes key factors behind limitation, market design favoring large-scale centralized absence framework independent aggregators. Nevertheless, it concludes that recent ongoing legislative ... Read More

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Bidirectional power transfer system between electric vehicles (EVs) and structures like homes that allows EVs to provide backup power during outages. The system uses the EV's own battery to power initial communications between the EV and an EVSE. This prompts the EV to start transferring power through the EVSE to the structure. The EVSE can then recharge its battery from the EV. This allows the EVSE to still operate during grid outages.

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Intelligent vehicular microgrids to enable vehicles to collectively provide grid support by aggregating and discharging surplus battery capacity at optimal times using machine learning. Vehicles indicate if they want to charge or discharge when docking. A cluster forms of vehicles discharging. When the cluster reaches a threshold, it requests grid access. The microgrid accumulates and discharges surplus in bulk at optimal times.

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Intelligent vehicular microgrids to enable scaled discharging of electric vehicle batteries to the main grid. The microgrids have charging stations that accumulate excess battery charge from vehicles. A grid component determines when the main grid needs supplemental power and discharges the accumulated battery charge then. This consolidates and timed discharges versus individual vehicle schedules.

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Optimizing power and energy utilization from multiple electric vehicles at an off-grid site by networking the vehicles' power conversion units and coordinating their power and energy availability. Each conversion unit communicates its available power and energy at intervals to a central analytics process. The analytics determines the optimal utilization of the units and vehicles based on their individual limits to provide continuous power and energy to site loads.

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Intelligent charging system for electric vehicles that enables efficient charging, load balancing, and power generation. It uses charging infrastructure like pads or wireless systems in parking spaces to charge electric vehicles. The charging pads can communicate with the vehicles to customize charging based on preferences and profiles. They can also coordinate charging schedules to balance load on the grid. The pads can also integrate with solar panels on vehicles to generate power when parked and feed it back into the grid. This allows optimized, flexible, and decentralized charging of electric vehicles.

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The burgeoning adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) globally necessitates a robust and intelligentcharging infrastructure. This article provides comprehensive review current emergingEV charging technologies, focusing on the fundamental distinctions between Alternating Current(AC) Direct Current (DC) charging, diverse landscape global connector standards,and transformative role smart protocols. Particular emphasis is placed ISO15118, an international standard enabling advanced functionalities such as Plug & Charge forseamless user authentication Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) communication for bidirectional energyflow. technical principles, benefits grid stability renewable energy integration, andpersistent implementation challenges these technologies are rigorously analyzed. reviewconcludes by outlining future trends in wireless artificial intelligence, batterytechnology, alongside critical influence policy investment, underscoring complexinterplay engineering innovation, economic viability, regulatory frameworks, consumerbehavior shaping EV charging.

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Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology enables electric vehicles (EVs (Unless otherwise specified, Electric Vehicles (EVs) in this study refer to the totality of BEVs, PHEVs, and other battery-equipped that have potential participate V2G)) interact with renewable energy sources, positioning it as a key driver system decentralization. While V2G holds significant for enhancing grid stability economic efficiency, its large-scale deployment requires robust assessment. However, existing research predominantly focuses on technical feasibility, lacking comprehensive evaluations due complexity architectures. To bridge gap, we propose BSTP (Business-Stakeholders-Technology-Policy) evaluation framework VRR (Value Realization Rate) methodology, employing Semi-Systematic Co-Design Approach. This systematically characterizes evolution business models, interactions among stakeholders, influence technological policy factors, criteria feasibility Furthermore, identify Big Models, No Trials issue research, where theoretical models lack empirical validation. address challenge ensure practical applicab... Read More

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A power conversion device for electric vehicles that allows utilizing the vehicle's battery to provide power for home or grid applications when the vehicle is not in use. The device has a detachable transmission assembly that connects to the vehicle's battery pack to receive the battery power. An external power converter then converts the battery power into either DC or AC form. This enables extracting power from the vehicle's battery when it's parked to provide off-grid or backup power. The converter stops when the battery charge gets low.

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Rapidly charging an electric vehicle's battery using shared power electronics from nearby vehicles. The charging station has a common DC bus that connects to the vehicles. When a vehicle wants a fast charge, it can request the station to provide extra power from other vehicles' converters. The station communicates with their controllers to coordinate sharing the charging current. This allows faster charging than just using the vehicle's converter alone. It reduces component count and weight compared to dedicated chargers, as the shared converters can provide higher currents. The vehicles can also use the station's converters for normal charging when parked.

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Bidirectional voltage regulation circuit for charging and discharging batteries in vehicles without the need for transformers. The circuit uses three NMOS transistors and a control chip to convert voltages bidirectionally between a battery and a power bus. The transistors form a loop with an inductor to boost or buck the voltage as needed for charging or discharging. This allows charging a battery with a lower input voltage to full capacity, and discharging a higher voltage battery to match the bus voltage.

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Distributing electricity from a limited supply to multiple electric vehicle chargers based on scheduling and ammeter measurements. The system has power controllers, relays, and ammeters at each charger. A remote server schedules charger usage, authorizes users, and sends instructions to enable/disable relays. The server calculates total current drawn from the power supply. If supply exceeds draw, it disables the main relay. The power controllers independently disable their relays. This allows dynamic charging based on availability and prevents overloading. The server can also send alerts and cancel reservations if time limits are exceeded.

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Low profile magnetic flux pads for inductive power transfer (IPT) systems that can operate over a wider range of lateral misalignments between the pads. The pads have two closely spaced coils with different turn spacing inside vs outside the coil centers. This non-uniform turn spacing alters the flux patterns to compensate for misalignment and improve power transfer over a wider range. The coils are also wound with variations in turn spacing and core discontinuities to further shape the flux. This allows optimizing the flux profiles for specific applications like electric vehicle charging.

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A system for efficiently delivering electrical energy to charge electric vehicles using a combination of supercapacitors, converters, and reservoirs. The system has multiple input lines to connect to power grids or renewable sources. It uses supercapacitor reservoirs connected in parallel for storing and delivering electrical energy. Converters step-up or step-down the voltage as needed. The reservoirs charge and discharge within limited voltage ranges to extend cell life. The system can also discharge into power grids during peak demand.

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DC-DC converters for high-power applications like cross-charging electric vehicles that have efficient cooling methods to enable compact size. The converters have features like immersion cooling of the inductor coils, conduction cooling of switching sub-modules, and convection cooling of diode sub-modules. The converter units are arranged with out-of-phase operation. The cooling is optimized with liquid-cooled inductor coils, a module cooling unit with heat exchanger and plate for sub-modules, and immersion-liquid cooled inductors in adjacent converter units. This enables high power density (2 kW/L) and 200 kW+ power levels.

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Dynamic charge control for electric vehicle fleets that balances energy consumption needs with grid supply/demand balance. The charge control uses real-time vehicle location, state of charge, grid signals, and service demand to determine optimized charging schedules. This helps regulate grid frequency, balance energy consumption, and enables fleet operators to manage charging to minimize grid costs. Charging structures with centralized control can further optimize fleet charging by orchestrating vehicle entry/exit based on state of charge.

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Power supply system for electric vehicles that allows bidirectional power transfer between vehicle batteries and external pods using magnetic field coupling. The system has in-vehicle power cells held in pods with closed loops of magnetic cores. Power can flow between cells and pods by changing magnetic field polarity. This allows flexible power swapping, load balancing, and cell condition monitoring. The system enables easy cell replacement, charging, and swapping without disconnecting from the vehicle.

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Server-based system for optimizing battery usage of parked electric vehicles by coordinating charging and discharging based on vehicle schedules and grid power needs. The server communicates with parked electric vehicles, learns their upcoming travel times, monitors grid power demand, and selects vehicles to charge or discharge in order to balance the grid. This allows leveraging parked vehicle batteries as virtual power storage to help balance the grid when needed. Vehicles can also precondition their batteries to desired levels before departure.

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Smart battery system for electric vehicles that uses AI, blockchain, and IoT to monitor, control, and manage rechargeable batteries in real-time. The system connects the battery's monitoring module and control module to a cloud platform that extracts battery data and environment factors, predicts battery health, renders simulations, and sends control signals. It uses blockchain nodes at charging stations for data sharing. The AI-based smart battery management platform enables autonomous battery optimization, fault detection, and disaster recovery.

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Charging an electrified vehicle's battery using power from another vehicle and a grid source simultaneously. This allows faster charging compared to just using the grid. The charging involves connecting the vehicle to both a grid source and another vehicle, synchronizing their power frequencies, and combining the grid and vehicle power to charge the battery. This leverages the other vehicle as a mobile power source to boost charging speed.

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Intelligent charging of electric vehicles that balances load, reduces costs, and enables vehicle-to-vehicle power transfer. The system optimizes charging by coordinating vehicle charging schedules, delaying charging during peak grid demand, and leveraging excess power from other vehicles. It also allows vehicles with solar panels to sell excess power back to the grid. The system balances load by determining total required charging power, then scheduling charging at optimal times when rates are low. This involves communicating with power suppliers to find the best time to buy power in bulk. The system also enables qualitative load balancing by intelligently selecting charging sources based on characteristics like availability and cost.

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Controlling charging of electric vehicles to provide grid stability services like virtual inertia and frequency response. An aggregator retrieves grid and vehicle data, derives a weighted distribution of response needed, and sends it to a central charging controller. The controller then calculates optimal charge levels for each vehicle based on the weighted distribution. This allows coordinated charging of multiple vehicles to exactly match the requested grid support rather than just total charging demand. The vehicles charge at specific rates to provide the desired grid services.

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Efficiently managing the use of batteries in electric vehicles for applications beyond just powering the vehicle. The system allows controlled discharging of vehicle batteries to provide emergency power or supplemental power to the grid when the battery owner has registered for that service. It can also prioritize discharging of parked vehicles during off-peak times to provide grid stability. The system acquires registration info and usage schedules to optimize battery usage.

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A power management system that allows electric vehicles (EVs) to dynamically balance power supply and demand in a grid by selectively connecting vehicles with large battery capacities to the grid when needed. The system monitors the state of charge (SOC) and temperature of EV batteries. It prompts vehicles with high remaining charge and large capacity batteries to connect to the grid during times of power shortage or excess. This allows the grid to leverage the EVs as virtual power plants to balance supply and demand without requiring a large number of connected vehicles.

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Intelligent hub for charging and discharging electric vehicles that allows bi-directional power flow between the vehicle battery, grid, solar panels, and home appliances. The hub integrates an on-board charger that can accept DC power directly from solar panels without converting to AC first. It also enables charging one EV battery from another EV battery during power outages. The hub provides a more intelligent connection between grid, solar, vehicle, and home appliances to optimize power flow and reduce losses compared to converting DC to AC and back multiple times.

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Integrated inverter-EV charger (IIEVC) that combines a DC-AC inverter and an EV charger in a single enclosure. It allows converting DC power from renewable sources to AC for grids, and also provides AC or DC charging for EVs using shared components. The IIEVC can select input power from sources like grids, renewables, or EV batteries based on efficiency, cost, and charge levels. It also optimizes charging rates for EV batteries to extend lifespan. The IIEVC has a GUI to display info and allow manual control. The connector on the EV charger has selectable DC/AC conversion for input power from the IIEVC.

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A system to manage electric grid load using electric vehicles. It monitors grid conditions and generates alerts when demand exceeds a threshold. It then directly controls charging of a fleet of EVs connected to the grid to shape or shift the load and mitigate peak demand. This allows the EVs to represent a dynamic load capacity to the grid.

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Charging an electric vehicle (EV) battery using power from another EV and a grid source simultaneously. The method involves connecting the EV to both a grid outlet and another EV to charge its battery using electricity from both sources. It allows faster charging compared to just relying on the grid. The charger combines the grid and second EV power to provide the EV with a higher current for faster charging. This leverages the ability of EVs to serve as mobile power sources to boost charging speed.

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A distributed battery system for electric vehicles that enables flexible parallel and serial charging/discharging of multiple battery packs. The system uses bypass circuits and bidirectional voltage transformation modules connected in parallel to the battery packs. A controller determines pack compatibility and switches between direct parallel and indirect serial connections based on pack characteristics. This allows dynamically optimized charging/discharging of mixed pack types and voltages without needing matched packs.

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Allowing a vehicle's battery to be used as a mobile power source for external devices like homes or grids. The vehicle has a connecting device with two couplings: one for charging the battery and another for discharging it. The connecting device provides power transport information to the vehicle. The vehicle's charging device evaluates this info to determine if power should flow into or out of the battery. If an external device is connected, the info indicates power should leave the battery. The device can only extract power from the battery when it provides the correct info. This prevents accidentally charging the vehicle instead of drawing power.

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Charging system that allows a vehicle's electric motor to power another vehicle's battery by converting motor current to charging current. It uses the vehicle's existing motor inverter to supply current to the neutral point of the motor windings. A dedicated terminal extracts the neutral point current and provides it as charging power to an external vehicle. A controller adjusts the motor inverter switching duty to match the desired external charging current. This leverages the motor's existing components and power conversion capability to provide vehicle-to-vehicle battery charging without additional equipment.

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A system for integrating and managing distributed energy resources (DERs) like electric vehicles, rooftop solar panels, and smart appliances into the electric power grid. The system enables real-time measurement, verification, and settlement of DERs for grid services like load shifting, reserve capacity, and frequency regulation. It provides a framework for registering DERs, communicating with them, and dispatching them based on grid needs. The system uses standardized protocols for DER integration, like IEEE 2030.5, and provides tools for monitoring and managing DER performance. It aims to enable DERs to fully participate in the grid as active grid elements, facilitating their integration and utilization.

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Electric power transmission system for vehicles like electric cars that allows simultaneous charging, discharging and powering external loads. The system has a bidirectional power converter connected to the vehicle's battery. It also has interfaces to connect to external power sources and loads. A junction box with switches manages power flow between the interfaces. A control unit coordinates charging, discharging and load powering. This allows charging while powering an external load, external grid backup charging, and prioritizing charging over load powering.

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Systems and methods for managing electric loads on power grids using fleets of electric vehicles to dynamically shape and shift grid demand in response to alerts. The system monitors charging events at multiple charging stations and identifies grid conditions like peak demand or oversupply. It then sends alerts to the EVs and charging stations to modify charging operations like pausing, starting, or supplying back charge to manage the grid condition. This allows the EVs to represent a dynamic load capacity to the grid that can be adjusted in response to grid alerts.

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Allowing electric vehicles to charge each other using their own battery packs when they come into contact via a charge/discharge cable. When an electric vehicle's direct current socket is connected to an alternating current socket of another electric vehicle, the first vehicle's controller can command its battery pack to charge the second vehicle. When an alternating current socket is connected to a direct current socket, the first vehicle's charger receives direct current from the second vehicle to charge its own battery pack.

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Wirelessly sharing electric vehicle battery charge between vehicles while they are moving, to extend range and avoid running out of power mid-journey. One vehicle initiates a charging request to nearby vehicles, establishes a communication channel, and adjusts position to optimize wireless transfer. It receives charge from another vehicle's battery via resonant coils. This allows on-the-go charging without infrastructure or specialized roads.

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Allowing an electrified vehicle to power a building during outages or other times using its battery. The system involves a power-receiving unit at the building with a cable to connect to the vehicle. When the vehicle's accessory power is detected, the unit sends a pilot signal to the vehicle. If verified, the unit closes contacts to connect the vehicle's DC power to an inverter. The inverter conditions the DC to AC for the building's system. The unit disconnects from the vehicle when it has AC power.

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Bidirectional DC/DC converter for charging the intermediate capacitor in high-voltage electric vehicle systems. The converter has transformers for galvanic isolation between the high and low voltage networks. It allows bidirectional power flow to charge the intermediate capacitor using low voltage battery energy. The converter switches diodes on both sides to transmit energy via inductive coupling. A charging method involves controlled current pulses in two phases to charge the capacitor from the low voltage battery.

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Optimizing battery usage of parked electric vehicles to provide grid balancing services. The server communicates with parked electric vehicles, learns their scheduled departures, and adjusts battery charges based on grid power demand. It can order vehicles to charge or discharge to balance the grid when needed. This allows leveraging parked vehicle batteries as a flexible resource to balance power supply and demand.

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Intelligent vehicle charging system that improves electric vehicle charging efficiency by balancing load between vehicles and the grid, optimizing charging schedules, and leveraging vehicle-to-vehicle power transfer. The system uses smart charging stations that can wirelessly charge vehicles, monitor occupancy, and communicate with vehicles to optimize charging. It balances load between grid power and vehicle-to-vehicle power transfer to reduce grid demand. It also intelligently schedules charging based on factors like battery health and user preferences.

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Power storage device for electric vehicles that can participate in bidirectional power transfer with the grid to provide services like spinning reserve and frequency regulation. The device efficiently obtains incentives while suppressing battery degradation and contributes to grid stability by selectively charging and discharging within optimal SOC ranges for each service. The device receives instructions to perform frequency regulation with the battery at a lower SOC range compared to continuous discharge for spinning reserve. This allows separate charge/discharge modes optimized for each service to balance incentives and battery life.

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Accurately estimating the maximum power that a battery pack can provide or receive at a given time, considering all battery limits like cell voltage, temperature, and current. A method using an RC circuit model for battery cells to predict cell voltage at a specified time based on parameters like SOC, temperature, and current. It adds buffer values for voltage and temperature to account for limits. The buffer values are used to weight the cell's peak and continuous current limits to determine the overall maximum current limit. This is then used to predict the maximum voltage limit, along with the buffer values, to get the maximum power limit.

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