PCM-Based Passive Cooling Development for EV Batteries

Battery cooling system with improved thermal runaway handling. The system uses phase change material (PCM) lined cooling channels that melt and detach from the inner walls when an overheating battery cell conductively transfers heat. The PCM is carried by the cooling fluid and solidifies at the channel end, blocking further fluid flow. This prevents convective heat propagation to downstream cells.

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Phase-change cooling module for uniformly cooling devices like CPUs and batteries by using the potential heat of a cooling medium to boil and condense inside the cooling channels. The module has a body with channels for heat transfer, a porous layer on the channel walls, and a cooling medium that absorbs heat from the devices and uses it to boil and condense inside the channels. This prevents temperature differences between inlet and outlet of the channels, allowing more uniform cooling of the devices. The boiling-condensing cycle also reduces pressure drop compared to plain channels.

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Embedding phase change material (PCM) rods in heat sinks to improve thermal management of electronic components without increasing the outer dimensions of the heat sink. The heat sink has a thermally conductive body with bores drilled into it. PCM rods are inserted into the bores, sealed, and solid at ambient temperatures. The rods have a phase change temperature just below the component's maximum operating temperature. This allows the PCM to absorb heat and prevent overheating without enlarging the heat sink.

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The transition toward sustainable mobility necessitates intelligent thermal energy management strategies, especially in solar-assisted hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) where fluctuating solar input and dynamic operational loads challenge system efficiency. This chapter presents a comprehensive framework integrating algorithmic intelligence social pedagogy to optimize storage (TES) using nano-enhanced phase change materials (Nano-PCMs). application of advanced computational techniquessuch as genetic algorithms, reinforcement learning, optimization modelsenables precise control real-time adaptation TES performance under variable environmental conditions. synergistic incorporation Nano-PCMs significantly enhances the conductivity density systems, supporting efficient heat absorption release during vehicular operation. integration pedagogical perspectives ensures user-centric design societal alignment, enhancing both functional reliability public acceptance. also explores adaptive regulation strategies based on irradiance variability, predictive modeling for battery temperature cont... Read More

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The advancement of electric and solar vehicles demands efficient sustainable thermal management solutions to ensure optimal battery performance, safety, longevity. This chapter presents a comprehensive exploration hybrid systems (HTMS) employing nano-enhanced phase change materials (nano-PCMs) as next-generation strategy for effective cooling. Nano-PCMs combine the latent heat storage capability traditional PCMs with superior conductivity nanomaterials, thereby overcoming limitations conventional cooling systems. integration passive active control methods within HTMS is examined, highlighting improved temperature uniformity, accelerated dissipation, enhanced energy efficiency under varying operational conditions. Emphasis placed on material synthesis, thermophysical characterization, system-level modeling nano-PCM-based architectures tailored solar-powered vehicle platforms. role nanomaterials such graphene, carbon nanotubes, metal oxides in augmenting performance analyzed, along techno-economic considerations real-time testing data. also addresses design challenges, environmental im... Read More

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Device for cooling battery packs in electric vehicles that provides homogeneous cooling of individual battery cells. The device uses a thermal processing unit inside the battery pack enclosure. It has circuits for a heat transfer fluid and a dielectric fluid. The heat transfer fluid circulates through channels in a plate. The dielectric fluid is sprayed into the battery pack chamber. The plate condenses the sprayed dielectric fluid onto battery cell surfaces. This cools the cells by vaporization and condensation. The base of the enclosure collects condensed dielectric fluid for reuse.

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Abstract Encapsulated phase change materials (ePCMs) have the potential to emerge as a key solution for efficient thermal management in various applications. This review paper explores recent advancements ePCMs energy storage and management. We start with basic overview of PCMs then performance enhancements through encapsulation, critical parameters encapsulation methods, their evaluation are discussed. also discusses properties proposed figure merit ePCMs, impact on thermophysical properties, needs, role PCMs. The advances management, focusing advanced nano-enhanced integration heat sinks transfer fluids. Through this comprehensive review, highlights challenges, research gaps, future perspectives ePCMs. aims present resource researchers professionals working

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Battery assembly and electronic device design to improve battery charging efficiency by dissipating heat. The battery assembly has a cell with tab, a protection plate connected to the tab, and a heat dissipation assembly with phase-change material that absorbs heat. This draws heat away from the cell during charging to prevent excessive temperatures and allow higher charging currents. The heat dissipation assembly can be attached to both the cell tab and protection plate.

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Protecting batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) and other applications to enhance safety and reliability using multifunctional battery modules with tubular energy absorbers filled with phase change materials (PCMs). The tubes surround the batteries and absorb impact forces during crashes. The PCMs squeeze out through orifices in the tubes, further increasing energy absorption. The tubes also dissipate heat from the batteries using the PCMs. The thin-walled tubes provide improved energy absorption compared to hollow tubes. The PCM-filled tubes have optimized geometric parameters for lateral compression.

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Passive cooling system for battery cells in electric vehicles that does not require active cooling pumps or electrically conductive coolant channels. The system uses a housing with battery cells surrounded by a porous media filled with a phase change material. The phase change material vaporizes when heated and condenses back to liquid when cooled. A cold plate at the top cools the vaporized material. This allows the cells to be cooled passively without active cooling. The porous media channels along the cells help distribute the cooling.

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Battery pack system for electric vehicles with improved thermal runaway mitigation. The system uses a thermochemical material that undergoes an endothermic reaction above 50°C to absorb excess heat and prevent thermal runaway propagation. The material can be located inside the stack of battery cells, between cell edges, or in adjacent gaps. It can also be in a reservoir with valves that release upon threshold conditions like temperature or pressure. The material absorbs heat from thermal events to quench them and prevent spread.

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Battery pack design with improved safety during thermal runaway events to prevent chain reactions and explosions. The pack has a case with features that isolate and vent overheating batteries. The battery modules are fixed to the case at a distance from the bottom plate. Between the plate and modules is a phase change material pad that vaporizes at high temperatures. If a module overheats, the pad expands and separates the module from the plate to prevent heat transfer. This isolates the overheating module and prevents propagation of thermal runaway to adjacent modules.

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Abstract This paper proposes a versatile thermal management solution utilizing phase change material (PCM) for compact 21700 battery modules. First, flame-retardant and heat-conductive pouring sealant is utilized to encapsulate the PCM. The impact of diameter number PCM columns on performance module evaluated by single-factor multi-objective optimization methods. Then, low-temperature heating scheme film heaters devised module. results indicate that heat generation diminishes as working temperature rises, whereas it escalates with an increase in discharge rate. When 8 inner outer heights are 66 mm 13 mm, maximum difference controlled at 45.6 C 4.61 C, respectively. With power 13.6 W, average may from -5 11.7 25 minutes, resulting differential 4.6 C.

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ABSTRACT The efficiency and effectiveness of a battery thermal management system (BTMS) primarily depend on the lesser heat capacity phase change material (PCM). To improve performance BTMS, bare batteries with different extended surfaces (straight arc) are considered to enhance dissipation heat, leading significant enhancement performance. In present study, numerical simulations carried out study impact influence CuO (10%) nano additive dispersion in PCM. Also, analyses by modifying geometries arc fins battery. Results reported that proposed improved life 61%90% compared conventional BTMS systems. Extended boost exchange surface area, batterytoPCM/CuO dissipation, form novel method for conduction during liquid fraction melting. This network expands increasing fin radial distance, enhancing At ambient temperature range 15C45C, PCM/CuO/fin substantially PCMbased 163%, 192%, 212%, respectively. These findings demonstrate possibility straight shapes PCM control. experimental results show how these designs optimize transport, improving control under varied operating si... Read More

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Under high-rate charging and discharging conditions, the coupling of phase change materials (PCMs) with liquid cooling proves to be an effective approach for controlling battery pack operating temperature performance. To address inherent low thermal conductivity PCM enhance heat transfer from plates, numerical simulations were conducted investigate effects installing fins between upper lower plates on distribution. The results demonstrated that merely adding surfaces filling in inter-cell gaps had limited effectiveness reducing maximum temperatures during 4C discharge (8A current), achieving only a 1.8 K reduction peak while increasing difference over 10 K. Cooling incorporating optimized flow channel configurations fins, alternating coolant inlet/outlet arrangements, appropriate increases rate (0.5 m/s), reduced inlet (293.15 K) could maintain below 306 constraining differences approximately 5 discharge. Although increased rates enhanced efficiency, improvements became negligible beyond 0.7 m/s due limitations conductivity. Excessively found adversely affect control initial phases. ... Read More

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Battery thermal management systems (BTMS) ensure the safety and performance of lithium-ion batteries, which power electric vehicles. However, designing an effective BTMS is challenging due to batteries' complex behaviour sensitivity temperature variations. This review comprehensively explores current vital technologies trends in BTMS, explicitly focusing on analysing various cooling control strategies. To discuss four primary technologies: air cooling, liquid immersion phase change material (PCM) cooling. The advantages disadvantages each technology are compared terms cost-effectiveness, applicability, limitations when dealing with high-energy-density batteries. Furthermore, delves into discussion strategies data prediction methods for emphasizing importance advanced analysis optimising battery safety. Different strategies, such as passive, active, hybrid control, introduced evaluated. Data methods, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, machine learning, also presented discussed. comprehensive provides in-depth understanding while serving a valuable reference future research appli... Read More

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Simultaneously charging multiple thermal batteries in transportation vehicles like trucks, trailers, and carts without using large industrial chillers. The batteries have a closed-loop cooling system with a phase change material (PCM) and heat exchangers. The vehicles' cargo areas are also cooled using the PCM. To charge the batteries, an external charging source connects to ports on the vehicles. An onboard pump circulates a heat-transfer fluid between the cargo area, PCM, and external ports. An industrial chiller charges the central storage reservoir over a longer time. This allows simultaneous battery charging without needing large chillers on each vehicle.

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Battery module with enhanced thermal management through strategically integrated phase change materials (PCMs) that absorb heat generated in critical battery connections. The module features a bus bar with integrated phase change members that distribute heat from connecting areas between the cell tab and bus bar, while a secondary phase change member is positioned on the top surface of the cell. This dual-phase design enables targeted cooling of high-temperature areas, particularly the connecting region between the cell tab and bus bar, while maintaining overall system thermal balance. The phase change materials are designed to absorb and release heat efficiently, preventing thermal runaway and fire hazards.

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Inside a closed, thin-walled hollow cylinder, there is solid state of phase change material (NePCM) that has been nano-enhanced. This NePCM heated at its bottom, with nanoparticles (Al2O3) inserted and homogenized within the PCM (sodium acetate trihydrate, C2H3O2Na) to create NePCM. The cylinder thermally insulated from outside ambient temperature, while heat supplied sufficient cause change. Once entire converted liquid due heating, it then cooled, thermal insulation removed. cylindrical liquefied bar cooled in this manner. Thermal entropy, entransy dissipation rate, efficiency during heating cooling were analyzed by changing variables. volume fraction ratio nanoparticles, inlet flux, height variables considered. results indicate significant impact on liquefaction convective when values these are altered. For instance, an increase 3% 9%, constant flux 104 Wm2 0.02 m, decreases 99%. entropy conduction through significantly lower compared air surface. increases average 110% without any cooling. With 6%, 80% as m.

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Batteries with improved performance, durability, and safety for electric vehicles and other applications. The batteries have features like phase change materials, thermally conductive articles, and housing designs that mitigate heat generation and cell expansion during charging/discharging. The phase change materials absorb excess heat from cells, cooling them. Thermally conductive articles align cells and facilitate heat transfer. Uniform pressure distribution is achieved by housing components. These features allow high energy density batteries with reduced deleterious effects of lithium metal cells.

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Cooling apparatus for lithium-ion batteries that allows expansion without degrading heat transfer. The cooling apparatus has a heatsink that contacts the battery on three sides to absorb heat. It also has a clearance portion that allows the battery to expand. Additionally, the heatsink has a metal plate with a spring arm to secure the battery. The clearance prevents pressure buildup and swelling, while the metal plate prevents contact loss during expansion. An elastomer between the heatsink and battery provides thermal conductivity and compression force to maintain contact. This enables efficient cooling and prevents overheating during fast charging and discharging.

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Battery pack for vehicles with a fluid-filled compartment in the battery holder to improve cooling and prevent uneven temperature distribution. The holder has a base plate with through openings for venting battery cell gases. It also has a closed compartment partially filled with fluid. The fluid spreads heat generated by the cells, reducing risks of hot spots. The compartment can extend across the base plate. Grooves channel gas to the compartment. The compartment surface structures facilitate heat transfer. The fluid can be a phase change material for temperature regulation.

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Charging inlet assembly with integrated cooling to prevent overheating of the charging terminals during high current charging. The cooling module has phase change elements enclosed in pockets on a carrier that is thermally connected to the charging terminals. The phase change elements absorb heat from the terminals during charging to lower their operating temperatures.

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Battery pack cooling design to improve thermal management and efficiency of battery cells. It uses a thermal component with channels to capture and move heat away from the cells. The component extends between rows of cells in the pack. Coolant flows through the channels to absorb cell heat and transfer it away. This reduces overall pack temperature, gradient across cells, and improves pack cooling.

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Battery system with enhanced thermal management and suppression of thermal runaway propagation between cells. The system uses two coolers, one with a fluid having higher thermal conductivity and one with a fluid having lower thermal conductivity. The lower conductivity fluid flow rate is increased when cell temperature exceeds a threshold to expand the outer case of the lower fluid cooler and physically isolate adjacent cells. This prevents thermal chain propagation by insulating the expanded case from nearby cells.

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Abstract Automotive industries showed keen interest in the temperature control system of batteries. There exist varieties commercial electric vehicles, which offer battery cooling technologies with active systems as potential solutions. The creation such devices would need careful consideration physical structure and arrangement cells. However, any case, it is fundamental to have a mechanism for safe operational working all In industry automotive conversion there exists strong passion Lithium-ion control. already considerable variety vehicles on market, offering that rely active-removal possible development will definitely demand pack's architecture be carefully re-examined. final analysis, clearly come out fact necessary batteries function 'safety' mode. current study aims review strategies using air thermal energy storage improve performance hybrid vehicles. comparison capacity management (BTMS) various designs thoroughly examined. This article tries helpful guidance designing air-cooled phase change material (PCM) cooled BTMS optimal performance.

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A multilayer sheet to reduce heat conduction between heat sources like battery cells and enhance heat transmission to cooling components. The sheet has a rubber core sandwiched between insulating sheets and separate outer conductive sheets. The insulating sheets have a bag shape around the rubber to isolate heat between sources. The outer conductive sheets have higher thermal conductivity than the rubber or insulation. This configuration allows heat to be conducted from sources to cooling while isolating heat between sources.

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Abstract Battery-powered electric vehicles have gained traction as a sustainable and efficient mode of transportation. These rely on large battery packs to provide the necessary energy for their operation. However, operation these generates heat, which necessitates effective management ensure safe reliable functioning vehicle. As demand higher density in lithium-ion power batteries increases, conventional cooling methods may no longer adequately meet heat dissipation requirements under high-rate discharge high ambient temperature conditions. Researchers are investigating alternative techniques, such phase change material cooling, optimize vehicle packs, including use paraffin beeswax. The experimental results indicate that beeswax-based is more thermal solution Li-ion compared paraffin-based PCM air cooling. system maintained consistently lower temperatures slower rises, leading better control over pack heating. This also demonstrated superior performance terms voltage stability capacity retention, exhibiting drops rate depletion. findings suggest offers significant advantages design... Read More

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining popularity due to their zero tailpipe emissions, superior energy efficiency, and sustainable nature. EVs have various limitations, crucial one is the occurrence of thermal runaway in battery pack. During charging or discharging condition pack may result condition. This promotes requirement effective cooling arrangement around avoid localized peak temperature. In present work, management a 26650 Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cell using natural convection air cooling, composite biobased phase change material (CBPCM) its combination with copper fins numerically investigated multi-scale multi dimension - Newman, Tiedenann, Gu Kim (MSMD-NTGK) model Ansys Fluent at an ambient temperature 306 K. Natural was found discharge rates 1C 3C, maintaining below safe limit 318 K for 80% DoD. However, temperatures increased 321.7 325.4 4C 5C respectively which indicating inadequacy high-powered electric vehicles. 4 mm thick layer CBPCM reduced average surface 312.7 314.8 rates, respectively, w... Read More

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Battery temperature management system that uses a supercooled phase change material (PCM) to warm and cool a battery during charging without additional power sources or external components. The PCM is adjacent to the battery and solidifies upon activation to release stored latent heat. During charging, the PCM absorbs heat as it melts to cool the battery. This passive temperature regulation eliminates the need for resistive heating or external power sources while improving charge acceptance and reducing degradation at low temperatures.

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Battery module with integrated cooling plates filled with phase change material (PCM) to efficiently cool battery cells while minimizing temperature differences between cells. The module has multiple battery cells sandwiched between heat transfer interface plates. Cooling plates filled with PCM are inserted between adjacent cells to absorb heat from them. These plates contact the interface plates to receive heat. Cooling channels are coupled to the interface plates to transfer the heat to the outside. This allows cooling the cells with minimal weight compared to conventional methods like liquid immersion.

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Battery thermal management system for electric vehicles that uses phase change material and shape memory alloy to rapidly and compactly heat and cool the battery without complex active cooling systems. The system surrounds the battery with phase change material that absorbs or releases heat as needed. A shape memory alloy part is positioned between the battery and phase change material to expand/contract with temperature changes. This allows the phase change material to fully surround the battery for efficient heating and cooling without requiring complex channels or pumps.

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Semiconductor cooling system for battery modules using phase change materials (PCMs) to improve cooling efficiency while reducing size compared to traditional systems. The cooling system involves arranging a base plate around the battery module sides to create a cavity filled with a PCM. A semiconductor cooling plate is mounted on the base plate with its cooling surface facing the PCM. This allows direct heat transfer between the PCM and the cooling plate. To enhance heat transfer, a U-shaped heat pipe extends into the PCM and connects to the cooling plate. This allows efficient heat transfer between the PCM, cooling plate, and heat pipe. A cover plate surrounds the PCM cavity and contains fins for additional heat dissipation. The fins extend out of the cover plate to directly exchange heat with the environment. The fins also have channels for air circulation. The fins, heat pipe, and PCM all provide efficient cooling without needing external cooling

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Thermal management system for batteries using a low melting point metal phase change material to passively regulate temperature without active cooling. The system has a shell with a cavity to hold the battery, a heat transfer element made of the same low melting point metal, and a storage cavity filled with the phase change material. As the battery heats up, it transfers heat to the heat transfer element which melts the phase change material. As the battery cools, the solidified phase change material absorbs heat. This provides passive thermal management in confined spaces without active cooling.

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Battery thermal management system that uses a combination of thermoelectric cooling, phase change materials, and liquid cooling to efficiently manage battery temperatures. Multiple identical thermal management units are coupled together. Each unit has a phase change material module, a liquid cooling integrated support module, a thermoelectric cooling module, a liquid cooling cold module, and a temperature measurement module. The system dynamically switches between modes based on battery temperature conditions to optimize cooling and heating. This allows fast cooling, precise temperature control, and preheating without adding extra components compared to single cooling methods.

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A phase change heat transfer device for battery packs that improves heat dissipation without active cooling. The device has a cavity filled with a phase change material like paraffin. The cavity size and material are determined based on pack size and power. The device is attached to the pack surface. During charging, the pack heats the cavity material which absorbs excess heat. This reduces pack temperature rise and power consumption compared to active cooling.

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Battery module, battery pack, and energy storage system design to reduce temperature rise and differences, inhibit high temperatures, and improve cooling efficiency. The design involves a phase-change heat transfer device sandwiched between the battery pack and an interface material. The device has a cavity filled with a phase-change material that absorbs/releases heat. The interface material conducts heat between the pack and device. This reduces thermal resistance and allows the pack to utilize the phase-change material for cooling. It also provides a bonding layer to fix the pack and device together. The pack can have a liquid injection port for filling the device with phase-change material.

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Battery temperature control device for improving battery cooling and uniformity, using two-stage phase change materials (PCMs) and liquid cooling. The device has square batteries stacked with interleaved PCM plates and a liquid cooling plate surrounding them. The PCM plates have separate layers of metal and organic PCMs. This allows the batteries to be sandwiched between PCMs with different melting points. The metal PCM absorbs heat at lower temperatures and the organic PCM absorbs heat at higher temperatures, providing two-stage temperature control. The liquid cooling plate circulates fluid around the batteries to further dissipate heat. This provides additional cooling and helps prevent local hotspots.

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Battery module with improved thermal management that utilizes phase change material to absorb/release heat without requiring extra space. The module has battery core holes and phase change material holes arranged in a regular pattern. The phase change material columns are cylindrical and fit in the same-sized holes as the battery cores. This allows efficient utilization of space while still providing thermal management. The phase change material has a lower melting temperature than the battery cell operating temperature to effectively absorb/release heat.

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Battery module with improved thermal management for preventing overheating. The module has a regular arrangement of phase change material (PCM) holes interspersed between the battery core holes. This allows the PCM to absorb and release heat while making better use of space compared to surrounding the battery with a separate PCM block. The PCM holes can be cylindrical in shape for better packing density.

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Battery unit for hybrid or electric vehicles that efficiently thermally regulates the battery cells without unnecessary energy losses. The battery unit has an adiabatic enclosure around the cells to isolate them from external temperatures. To heat the cells in cold weather, a passive heat transfer member with a working fluid changes phase from liquid to vapor inside the enclosure when the cells get too cold. Gravity returns the fluid to the liquid phase when it condenses on an external cooling device. This eliminates reheating of cooling fluid and provides efficient cell heating without extra energy loss.

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Battery thermal management module for electric vehicle packs with high temperature uniformity using heat pipes and phase change materials. The module has a liquid-cooled plate, battery cells on top, and heat pipes between columns. The heat pipes have vertical sections in the box and flat sections on the plate. Corrugated plates distribute lateral heat. Phase change material fills the box to quickly transfer heat to the pipes and plate. This improves lateral and longitudinal temperature uniformity of large, high-density battery packs.

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A battery thermal management system for electric vehicles that integrates preheating and cooling using phase change material (PCM) and forced convection. The system has a box containing the battery pack with PCM shells surrounding the cells. A fan provides forced airflow over the PCM. A heating pipe connects the fan to the pack. The PCM absorbs heat during charging and releases it during discharging. The fan circulates air to cool the PCM and pack. The PCM shells provide large surface area for convection and separate channels between cells.

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Heat conducting member, battery module, battery and electric device with improved pole cooling for batteries. The heat conducting member has a hollow structure with a phase change working fluid filled inside. This allows rapid cooling of the battery pole by utilizing the phase change principle of the fluid. The cooling fluid contacts the pole to quickly absorb and dissipate heat, improving pole cooling efficiency compared to solid heat conductors.

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Battery heat management device for electric vehicles that uses a phase change material (PCM) to improve cooling efficiency and prevent PCM leakage. The battery pack has a heat exchanger with microchannel plates separated by spacers. The PCM is filled between the plates and batteries to transfer heat. This prevents PCM from flowing into the battery cells. The PCM encapsulation adheres to the plates and cells. The pack also has a thermal management system with temperature sensors and a refrigerant loop. The PCM provides internal cooling without external liquid loops. The spacers insulate between cells and the PCM prevents thermal bridging. The PCM protrusions fill gaps between plates. The pack has a flexible case with higher thermal expansion than the batteries/pack for expansion accommodation.

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Battery packs, power tools, lighting fixtures, and circuit boards with improved thermal management using composite phase change materials. The devices contain a composite heat absorber made of a combination of a main body phase change material and microcapsules. The composite absorber contacts at least one battery cell, motor, lamp element, or electronic component to absorb heat during operation. This provides localized heat dissipation without needing additional heat sinks or encapsulation. The composite absorber prevents leakage and material loss compared to pure phase change materials.

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Battery design with improved thermal management to prevent overheating and improve performance. The battery has a unique ear-shaped phase change device on the upper cover near the electrode. This device absorbs heat from the electrode during charging and changes phase from solid to liquid. The liquid then vaporizes and transfers the heat to the battery housing through a heat pipe. The vapor chamber provides additional heat transfer area. This isolated ear prevents internal battery heating and allows efficient external heat dissipation.

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Heat management device for lithium batteries in electric vehicles that uses a combination of active and passive cooling techniques to maintain battery temperature within safe operating ranges. The device has a battery case filled with phase change material, which absorbs and releases heat. A fan is also inside the case to actively cool the battery. This combined approach provides efficient and continuous temperature control without relying solely on active or passive cooling methods. A temperature sensor and controller can start/stop the fan based on battery temperature readings.

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Battery thermal management device, module, and method for improving battery safety and performance by using phase change materials and heat pipes. The device has two temperature phase change bodies with different transition temperatures in an insulated cavity. Battery cells are in separate compartments. Heat pipes connect the phase change bodies and a heat exchanger. This allows thermal runaway isolation while still dissipating normal heat. The phase change materials act as thermal barriers during runaway to prevent propagation. The insulated cavity divides into zones to isolate runaway. The heat pipes transfer heat between phases for better overall cooling.

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A battery cooling system for large-capacity lithium-ion batteries that reduces heat buildup without additional power consumption. The system uses a combination of cored heat pipes, gravity heat pipes, and phase change materials in a compact heat exchanger unit. The cored heat pipe transfers battery pole heat to the gravity heat pipe. The gravity heat pipe condenses into the phase change material for storage or dissipates via fins. This directional heat transfer prevents external heat from entering. The phase change material absorbs/releases heat as needed. The compact, integrated cooling system avoids active cooling devices and saves cost/space.

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