PCM-Based Passive Cooling Development for EV Batteries

The transition toward sustainable mobility necessitates intelligent thermal energy management strategies, especially in solar-assisted hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) where fluctuating solar input and dynamic operational loads challenge system efficiency. This chapter presents a comprehensive framework integrating algorithmic intelligence social pedagogy to optimize storage (TES) using nano-enhanced phase change materials (Nano-PCMs). application of advanced computational techniquessuch as genetic algorithms, reinforcement learning, optimization modelsenables precise control real-time adaptation TES performance under variable environmental conditions. synergistic incorporation Nano-PCMs significantly enhances the conductivity density systems, supporting efficient heat absorption release during vehicular operation. integration pedagogical perspectives ensures user-centric design societal alignment, enhancing both functional reliability public acceptance. also explores adaptive regulation strategies based on irradiance variability, predictive modeling for battery temperature cont... Read More

Source

The advancement of electric and solar vehicles demands efficient sustainable thermal management solutions to ensure optimal battery performance, safety, longevity. This chapter presents a comprehensive exploration hybrid systems (HTMS) employing nano-enhanced phase change materials (nano-PCMs) as next-generation strategy for effective cooling. Nano-PCMs combine the latent heat storage capability traditional PCMs with superior conductivity nanomaterials, thereby overcoming limitations conventional cooling systems. integration passive active control methods within HTMS is examined, highlighting improved temperature uniformity, accelerated dissipation, enhanced energy efficiency under varying operational conditions. Emphasis placed on material synthesis, thermophysical characterization, system-level modeling nano-PCM-based architectures tailored solar-powered vehicle platforms. role nanomaterials such graphene, carbon nanotubes, metal oxides in augmenting performance analyzed, along techno-economic considerations real-time testing data. also addresses design challenges, environmental im... Read More

Source

Device for cooling battery packs in electric vehicles that provides homogeneous cooling of individual battery cells. The device uses a thermal processing unit inside the battery pack enclosure. It has circuits for a heat transfer fluid and a dielectric fluid. The heat transfer fluid circulates through channels in a plate. The dielectric fluid is sprayed into the battery pack chamber. The plate condenses the sprayed dielectric fluid onto battery cell surfaces. This cools the cells by vaporization and condensation. The base of the enclosure collects condensed dielectric fluid for reuse.

Source

Abstract Encapsulated phase change materials (ePCMs) have the potential to emerge as a key solution for efficient thermal management in various applications. This review paper explores recent advancements ePCMs energy storage and management. We start with basic overview of PCMs then performance enhancements through encapsulation, critical parameters encapsulation methods, their evaluation are discussed. also discusses properties proposed figure merit ePCMs, impact on thermophysical properties, needs, role PCMs. The advances management, focusing advanced nano-enhanced integration heat sinks transfer fluids. Through this comprehensive review, highlights challenges, research gaps, future perspectives ePCMs. aims present resource researchers professionals working

Source

Battery assembly and electronic device design to improve battery charging efficiency by dissipating heat. The battery assembly has a cell with tab, a protection plate connected to the tab, and a heat dissipation assembly with phase-change material that absorbs heat. This draws heat away from the cell during charging to prevent excessive temperatures and allow higher charging currents. The heat dissipation assembly can be attached to both the cell tab and protection plate.

Source

Protecting batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) and other applications to enhance safety and reliability using multifunctional battery modules with tubular energy absorbers filled with phase change materials (PCMs). The tubes surround the batteries and absorb impact forces during crashes. The PCMs squeeze out through orifices in the tubes, further increasing energy absorption. The tubes also dissipate heat from the batteries using the PCMs. The thin-walled tubes provide improved energy absorption compared to hollow tubes. The PCM-filled tubes have optimized geometric parameters for lateral compression.

Source

Passive cooling system for battery cells in electric vehicles that does not require active cooling pumps or electrically conductive coolant channels. The system uses a housing with battery cells surrounded by a porous media filled with a phase change material. The phase change material vaporizes when heated and condenses back to liquid when cooled. A cold plate at the top cools the vaporized material. This allows the cells to be cooled passively without active cooling. The porous media channels along the cells help distribute the cooling.

Source

Battery pack system for electric vehicles with improved thermal runaway mitigation. The system uses a thermochemical material that undergoes an endothermic reaction above 50°C to absorb excess heat and prevent thermal runaway propagation. The material can be located inside the stack of battery cells, between cell edges, or in adjacent gaps. It can also be in a reservoir with valves that release upon threshold conditions like temperature or pressure. The material absorbs heat from thermal events to quench them and prevent spread.

Source

Battery pack design with improved safety during thermal runaway events to prevent chain reactions and explosions. The pack has a case with features that isolate and vent overheating batteries. The battery modules are fixed to the case at a distance from the bottom plate. Between the plate and modules is a phase change material pad that vaporizes at high temperatures. If a module overheats, the pad expands and separates the module from the plate to prevent heat transfer. This isolates the overheating module and prevents propagation of thermal runaway to adjacent modules.

Source

Abstract This paper proposes a versatile thermal management solution utilizing phase change material (PCM) for compact 21700 battery modules. First, flame-retardant and heat-conductive pouring sealant is utilized to encapsulate the PCM. The impact of diameter number PCM columns on performance module evaluated by single-factor multi-objective optimization methods. Then, low-temperature heating scheme film heaters devised module. results indicate that heat generation diminishes as working temperature rises, whereas it escalates with an increase in discharge rate. When 8 inner outer heights are 66 mm 13 mm, maximum difference controlled at 45.6 C 4.61 C, respectively. With power 13.6 W, average may from -5 11.7 25 minutes, resulting differential 4.6 C.

Source

ABSTRACT The efficiency and effectiveness of a battery thermal management system (BTMS) primarily depend on the lesser heat capacity phase change material (PCM). To improve performance BTMS, bare batteries with different extended surfaces (straight arc) are considered to enhance dissipation heat, leading significant enhancement performance. In present study, numerical simulations carried out study impact influence CuO (10%) nano additive dispersion in PCM. Also, analyses by modifying geometries arc fins battery. Results reported that proposed improved life 61%90% compared conventional BTMS systems. Extended boost exchange surface area, batterytoPCM/CuO dissipation, form novel method for conduction during liquid fraction melting. This network expands increasing fin radial distance, enhancing At ambient temperature range 15C45C, PCM/CuO/fin substantially PCMbased 163%, 192%, 212%, respectively. These findings demonstrate possibility straight shapes PCM control. experimental results show how these designs optimize transport, improving control under varied operating si... Read More

Source

Under high-rate charging and discharging conditions, the coupling of phase change materials (PCMs) with liquid cooling proves to be an effective approach for controlling battery pack operating temperature performance. To address inherent low thermal conductivity PCM enhance heat transfer from plates, numerical simulations were conducted investigate effects installing fins between upper lower plates on distribution. The results demonstrated that merely adding surfaces filling in inter-cell gaps had limited effectiveness reducing maximum temperatures during 4C discharge (8A current), achieving only a 1.8 K reduction peak while increasing difference over 10 K. Cooling incorporating optimized flow channel configurations fins, alternating coolant inlet/outlet arrangements, appropriate increases rate (0.5 m/s), reduced inlet (293.15 K) could maintain below 306 constraining differences approximately 5 discharge. Although increased rates enhanced efficiency, improvements became negligible beyond 0.7 m/s due limitations conductivity. Excessively found adversely affect control initial phases. ... Read More

Source

Battery thermal management systems (BTMS) ensure the safety and performance of lithium-ion batteries, which power electric vehicles. However, designing an effective BTMS is challenging due to batteries' complex behaviour sensitivity temperature variations. This review comprehensively explores current vital technologies trends in BTMS, explicitly focusing on analysing various cooling control strategies. To discuss four primary technologies: air cooling, liquid immersion phase change material (PCM) cooling. The advantages disadvantages each technology are compared terms cost-effectiveness, applicability, limitations when dealing with high-energy-density batteries. Furthermore, delves into discussion strategies data prediction methods for emphasizing importance advanced analysis optimising battery safety. Different strategies, such as passive, active, hybrid control, introduced evaluated. Data methods, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, machine learning, also presented discussed. comprehensive provides in-depth understanding while serving a valuable reference future research appli... Read More

Source

Simultaneously charging multiple thermal batteries in transportation vehicles like trucks, trailers, and carts without using large industrial chillers. The batteries have a closed-loop cooling system with a phase change material (PCM) and heat exchangers. The vehicles' cargo areas are also cooled using the PCM. To charge the batteries, an external charging source connects to ports on the vehicles. An onboard pump circulates a heat-transfer fluid between the cargo area, PCM, and external ports. An industrial chiller charges the central storage reservoir over a longer time. This allows simultaneous battery charging without needing large chillers on each vehicle.

Source

Battery module with enhanced thermal management through strategically integrated phase change materials (PCMs) that absorb heat generated in critical battery connections. The module features a bus bar with integrated phase change members that distribute heat from connecting areas between the cell tab and bus bar, while a secondary phase change member is positioned on the top surface of the cell. This dual-phase design enables targeted cooling of high-temperature areas, particularly the connecting region between the cell tab and bus bar, while maintaining overall system thermal balance. The phase change materials are designed to absorb and release heat efficiently, preventing thermal runaway and fire hazards.

Source

Inside a closed, thin-walled hollow cylinder, there is solid state of phase change material (NePCM) that has been nano-enhanced. This NePCM heated at its bottom, with nanoparticles (Al2O3) inserted and homogenized within the PCM (sodium acetate trihydrate, C2H3O2Na) to create NePCM. The cylinder thermally insulated from outside ambient temperature, while heat supplied sufficient cause change. Once entire converted liquid due heating, it then cooled, thermal insulation removed. cylindrical liquefied bar cooled in this manner. Thermal entropy, entransy dissipation rate, efficiency during heating cooling were analyzed by changing variables. volume fraction ratio nanoparticles, inlet flux, height variables considered. results indicate significant impact on liquefaction convective when values these are altered. For instance, an increase 3% 9%, constant flux 104 Wm2 0.02 m, decreases 99%. entropy conduction through significantly lower compared air surface. increases average 110% without any cooling. With 6%, 80% as m.

Source

Batteries with improved performance, durability, and safety for electric vehicles and other applications. The batteries have features like phase change materials, thermally conductive articles, and housing designs that mitigate heat generation and cell expansion during charging/discharging. The phase change materials absorb excess heat from cells, cooling them. Thermally conductive articles align cells and facilitate heat transfer. Uniform pressure distribution is achieved by housing components. These features allow high energy density batteries with reduced deleterious effects of lithium metal cells.

Source

Cooling apparatus for lithium-ion batteries that allows expansion without degrading heat transfer. The cooling apparatus has a heatsink that contacts the battery on three sides to absorb heat. It also has a clearance portion that allows the battery to expand. Additionally, the heatsink has a metal plate with a spring arm to secure the battery. The clearance prevents pressure buildup and swelling, while the metal plate prevents contact loss during expansion. An elastomer between the heatsink and battery provides thermal conductivity and compression force to maintain contact. This enables efficient cooling and prevents overheating during fast charging and discharging.

Source

Battery pack for vehicles with a fluid-filled compartment in the battery holder to improve cooling and prevent uneven temperature distribution. The holder has a base plate with through openings for venting battery cell gases. It also has a closed compartment partially filled with fluid. The fluid spreads heat generated by the cells, reducing risks of hot spots. The compartment can extend across the base plate. Grooves channel gas to the compartment. The compartment surface structures facilitate heat transfer. The fluid can be a phase change material for temperature regulation.

Source

Charging inlet assembly with integrated cooling to prevent overheating of the charging terminals during high current charging. The cooling module has phase change elements enclosed in pockets on a carrier that is thermally connected to the charging terminals. The phase change elements absorb heat from the terminals during charging to lower their operating temperatures.

Source