Thermal Management Systems for EV

Battery pack design for electronic devices that prevents overheating and thermal runaway by using a separate heat sink to dissipate heat from the battery pack components. The battery pack has a housing with two compartments, one for the battery cells and another for the circuit board with heat generating components. The heat sink is attached to the compartment without the cells and extends into the cell compartment to contact the heat sources. This isolates the cells from direct contact with the heat sink, preventing overheating and thermal runaway. The heat sink also covers an aperture in the cell compartment to seal it off. Air vents allow airflow between the compartments to cool the heat sink.

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Battery system with improved thermal management for electric vehicles. The system circulates two different fluids through the battery cells and surrounding areas to optimize cooling and heating. One fluid circulates through channels at the ends of the cells while the other fluid circulates through the cell holder cavity. This allows separate control of fluid flow for thermal management based on factors like load, temperature, and cell uniformity.

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Solid-state battery module for efficient temperature control using resonant wireless charging. The module has the battery, a resonant capacitor, and wireless power circuitry all mounted on one side of a substrate. This allows the capacitor to directly heat the battery using resonant charging. The capacitor is sandwiched between low thermal conductivity components to isolate and concentrate the heat. A thermally conductive path connects the capacitor to the battery. This enables efficient battery heating using wireless charging without needing a separate heating element.

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Battery module and rack design to suppress fires in battery packs and prevent propagation when thermal runaway occurs. The module has a valve nozzle to feed firewater into the module if vent gas or flames are detected. An expandable member inside the module absorbs fluid to block air inlets and outlets when the valve opens. This keeps the water level high to cool cells. The rack has a water tank, pipes, and sensors to feed water into modules if runaway is detected.

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Improving safety and reliability of battery packs by selectively supplying power to the cooling system when a thermal runaway occurs in one module. When a battery module undergoes thermal runaway, the system determines the module and surrounding modules without runaway based on voltage levels. It then powers the chiller using the non-runaway modules to cool the pack. This prevents overheating and gas generation in the runaway module. The vehicle control unit assists by checking the power supply circuit of the backup modules.

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Battery pack design for electric vehicles that improves energy density, mechanical rigidity, and space utilization compared to conventional packs. The pack has a unique arrangement of battery modules inside a case. Each module has battery cells arranged in one direction, enclosed in a case with beams between the cells. The modules are fixed to the cover of the pack instead of a separate tray. This eliminates gaps, beams, and covers inside the pack. Cooling is integrated into the module base plate. The pack cover has a water channel to circulate cooling fluid around the modules. This reduces heat transfer path, parts, and space compared to separate heatsinks.

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Reducing weight and complexity of composite materials used in large structures like aircraft by integrating UV/visible light protection into the composite itself rather than applying separate coatings. The composite substrate is coated with a thin layer of UV/visible light-resistant fiberglass before curing. This embedded UV protection eliminates the need for separate coatings and reduces weight compared to applying multiple layers. The composite with integrated UV protection has improved UV resistance without adding weight or complexity.

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A heat pump assembly for battery-powered electric vehicles that provides efficient heating and cooling of the cabin, batteries, and drive train while addressing the challenges of low waste heat generation in electric vehicles. The heat pump has a refrigerant circuit with a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. It also has separate coolant circuits for the batteries and drive train. The refrigerant circuit has a chiller that can provide both cooling and heating to the coolant circuits. This allows flexible operation with parallel cooling/heating capability. It eliminates the need for separate air and coolant heating elements. The refrigerant bypass around the chiller allows operation as a pure refrigeration unit when heating isn't needed.

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Bodily fluid testing system that allows home urinalysis using a smartphone instead of a lab. The system uses a compact, handheld device with integrated lateral flow strips. Users apply their urine to the device, capture an image with their phone, and analyze the strip colors using the phone's camera. The phone sends the images to a server for processing to determine if indicators of specific conditions are present. The server calculates strip colors using calibration techniques to account for variations between devices.

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Protective sheet fixing jig for securing protective sheets on stages in automated visual inspection devices like semiconductor wafer inspection systems. The jig has an upper plate that presses the protective sheet to tightly fix it to the stage. It also has a post, bracket, and a fixing part that presses the stage itself. This allows the protective sheet to be easily replaced without re-taping. The jig can be used on multiple stages in an inspection device. It also has options like pins to locate edges and adjustable screws to press the stage.

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Evaluating electrode quality by measuring color coordinates of the active material layer before roll-pressing to quickly filter out defective electrodes. The color coordinate values are compared against predetermined criteria. Electrodes with colors within the range are considered good quality. This allows identifying and removing electrodes with poor adhesion potential before roll-pressing, improving overall electrode quality and yield.

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Display panel with improved light transmittance and viewing angles for balancing display performance in high-resolution vertical alignment liquid crystal displays. The panel has pixels with red, blue, green and white subpixels. Each subpixel has a pixel electrode with two electrodes. One electrode applies a voltage to the liquid crystal layer. The other electrode has a different voltage. This creates different orientations of liquid crystal molecules in adjacent regions. The white subpixel helps balance light transmittance. The multiple electrodes and region alignment improves viewing angles.

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Protecting a reticle used in semiconductor lithography from particles without using a pellicle. The reticle has gas openings in the border section that blow a pressurized gas away from the front surface to create an air wall surrounding it. This prevents particles from falling onto the reticle during exposure. The gas openings are angled relative to the reticle axis. A gas supply provides gas to the openings through tubes. The gas pressure and flow rate can be adjusted.

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A storage system for flash-based storage devices that improves performance and reduces wear by using separate fast write storage in addition to the main flash storage. The system writes data initially to the fast write storage and then later moves it to the main flash storage. This allows faster initial commits without as many writes to the main flash, reducing wear. The fast write storage can be implemented as an on-board SSD or DRAM buffer.

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Real-time generation and provisioning of directed digital content based on decomposed structured messaging data for targeted product offers during real-time payments. The method involves extracting elements from payment messages to predict future purchases. It generates product offers tailored to predicted future purchases and provides them to the customer's device in real-time during the current payment. This allows targeted offers during payments based on decomposed message data rather than relying on delayed message content.

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An experimental device and method for reproducing expectorated blood spatter, the bloodstain ejected from a victim's respiratory tract at a crime scene. The device has a compressed air ejection unit with an air nozzle and a blood ejection unit connected to it. Blood is injected into the blood ejection unit. Compressed air is ejected from the air nozzle and the blood is ejected from the blood ejection unit under the compressed air pressure. This replicates expectorated blood spatter. The device can be operated at varying compressed air pressures to reproduce different spatter shapes.

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A thermal management system for electric and hybrid vehicles that efficiently controls temperatures of vehicle components like the battery, powertrain, and cabin while reducing packaging size and cost compared to separate systems. The system uses a flexible thermal unit (FTU) that integrates components for controlling coolant and refrigerant flow between systems like the battery, drivetrain, and cabin air. This allows thermal management of multiple subsystems from a single device, reducing packaging requirements and costs while increasing function and performance.

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Battery heating device for electric vehicles that efficiently heats the battery while minimizing heat loss in the heater core and radiator. The device uses a branching and merging configuration of the coolant flow paths between the radiator, heater core, and battery. It has a radiator flow rate reducing part closer to the radiator in the branching flow path. This allows prioritizing radiator cooling over battery heating initially, then merging the coolant with reduced flow rate from the radiator to the battery once the radiator has warmed up. This reduces heat loss in the radiator and heater core compared to always flowing through them.

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Battery cooling system for electric vehicles that improves cooling performance without increasing occupant discomfort from fan noise. The system adaptively adjusts fan speed based on window state. When windows are closed, it uses lower fan speeds for lower battery temperatures to avoid excess noise. When windows are open, it allows higher fan speeds for lower temps to compensate for external airflow. This prevents overcooling with closed windows and allows sufficient cooling with open windows without excess fan noise.

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A secondary battery pack for electric vehicles that improves thermal management to prevent runaway cell temperatures and propagation of thermal events. The pack uses a syntactic foam made of hollow glass beads in a silicone binder to insulate the battery cells. This foam provides better low-temperature insulation compared to standard foams. It also minimizes thermal propagation between cells. The pack can have coolant channels and heat dissipation members to further manage cell temperatures. The syntactic foam also helps dampen drivetrain oscillations.

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Preparing composites with improved filler dispersion in solid elastomers using wet filler and specific mixing conditions. The method involves charging a mixer with solid elastomer and wet filler (filler + liquid), mixing at elevated temperatures to evaporate some liquid, and discharging the composite with high filler loading and low liquid content. This allows dispersing filler like carbon black or silica in solid elastomers like natural rubber without degradation or extensive mixing. The wet filler provides better dispersion than dry filler due to initial evaporation. High mixer temperatures help. The composite has lower liquid content than if starting with dry filler.

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Swiveling working machine with optimized center of gravity, compact layout, separate cooling of battery and hydraulic fluid, selective battery switching, heater using hydraulic fluid, and motor load sensing for energy savings. The machine has the battery pack behind the base, motors and pump beside it, which lowers center of gravity. Separate fans cool battery and hydraulic circuit. Battery pack has parallel cells with selective switching to prevent current spikes during cell swaps. The heater inside the cab uses hydraulic fluid instead of electric power. Motor speed is lowered when hydraulic load is low to save power.

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Modular heat exchanger system with easily maintainable and cleanable heat exchanger elements. The heat exchanger elements are manufactured by casting a folded sheet material inside an outer casing. The folded sheet has longitudinal slits forming the fluid flow paths. This allows full access to both sides of the heat transfer surface for cleaning without disassembly. Guiding elements surround the heat exchanger elements to direct fluid flow. Multiple elements are assembled between end plates for a modular heat exchanger system.

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Fractal heat sink design that increases heat dissipation compared to conventional heat sinks. The fractal geometry of the heat sink surface provides a chaotically distributed surface area that disrupts the stagnant boundary layer of fluid flow. This chaotic surface increases the effective surface area available for heat transfer, while avoiding acoustic resonance. The fractal geometry also allows for variation in flow rate and direction over different scales. The fractal heat sink design improves heat dissipation efficiency by increasing the surface area available for convective and radiative heat transfer.

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Reducing time required for adjusting the temperature of the inside of a battery cell to a target temperature when measuring its capacity. The method involves heating or cooling the battery cell using a thermoelectric element mounted on its external surface. This allows the cell temperature to be quickly brought to the desired level instead of waiting for the chamber to match. The thermoelectric element can be controlled separately from the chamber temperature.

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Method and system for optimizing battery thermal management in electric bulldozers using deep learning. The method involves predicting the optimal compressor speed for battery cooling based on current conditions and future load predictions. It uses a support vector machine (SVM) model trained with factors like temperature, motor data, and battery state. A Markov chain model is also used to accurately reflect the battery's real-time cooling demand by weighting both current and future load segments. This weighted demand is then combined with the SVM compressor speed predictions to create a more accurate control strategy for battery cooling while minimizing energy consumption.

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A lightweight composite formulation for making molded components that provides improved color, appearance, and mechanical properties compared to traditional composites. The formulation uses a treated low density filler made by combining a solvated polymer mixture with untreated filler. The solvated polymer mixture is prepared by dissolving an additive package of dispersing agent and silane carrier in a resin. This treated filler reinforces a pigmented polymer paste to make the composite. The treated filler improves color, appearance, and reduces mechanical property degradation compared to using untreated filler.

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Battery module with improved cooling and structural stability for large-area modules used in high-power applications like electric vehicles. The module has a heat sink integrated below the housing. Cooling ports connect the heat sink to the housing. The end plate has protrusions that match the lead protrusions from the cells. This allows direct cooling of the cells without vulnerable connections. The integrated design provides better cooling and prevents deformation.

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This study presents an experimental investigation of a novel hybrid battery thermal management system (BTMS) that integrates solenoid-actuated Peltier-based heat sink with CuO/ethylene glycol (EG) nanofluid coolant loop. The delivers on-demand cooling through time-controlled thermoelectric operation, enhancing temperature regulation during surges. Experiments were conducted CuO nanoparticle concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2.0% (vol.) and flow rates 1 5 LPM, at inlet 50C ambient 26C. Performance metrics such as drop, transfer rate, overall coefficient analyzed. Results showed maximum enhancement 40.63% (tube-side) 38.64% (air-side) CuO. Compared conventional liquid system, the setup demonstrated 7.01% higher rate improved variation control (up 28.53%). Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis demonstrates 25%30% reduction in long-term costs 36% life extension, supporting systems economic viability. scalable, energy-efficient BTMS offers promising solution for advanced electric vehicles requiring high-precision control.

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Overheating and overcharging are the core triggering conditions for thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries. Studying behavioral differences batteries under these two is crucial safety design protection In this study, we investigated temperature, pressure, gas generation, heat generation characteristics lithium conditions. Under overheating conditions, release lattice oxygen in cathode decomposition electrolyte trigger a self-catalytic reaction, generating CO2 (54.7%) H2 (29.7%), with total 17.6 kJ accumulation rate 24.3 W, forming local high-temperature area. voltage drop, capacity attenuation 21.1% (22301762 mAh), internal resistance surge (621 m) reflect severe damage to electrode. Accompanied by oxygenation EC (CO32 + C2H4), production faster. The middle pressure was 0.601 MPa, proportion 67.4%. However, relies on synergistic effect electrochemical reactions ohmic accumulation, resulting relatively low energy accumulation.

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This paper proposes a wireless sensor network (WSN)-based next-generation battery management system (BMS) architecture for large-scale packs in electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems (ESS). Traditional wired BMS offers high reliability but suffers from complex wiring, installation costs, maintenance difficulties. study compares the characteristics of key communication technologies such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Zigbee, LoRa, Ultra-Wideband (UWB) to optimize design. Moreover, performance cost-effectiveness are compared based on existing literature simulation data analysis. Technical measures improve security environments also proposed. The findings this can serve valuable reference commercialization standardization EV ESS applications.

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<title>Abstract</title> The inconsistency between power battery cells can seriously restrict the energy utilization efficiency of pack, accelerate aging batteries, and even significantly increase risk thermal runaway. Aiming at this inconsistency, an active equilibrium scheme combining dynamic programming (DP) model predictive control (MPC) is proposed. Firstly, topology circuit bidirectional flyback transformer with rapid equalization speed built, then a system prediction established through MPC to achieve rolling optimization. Finally, using DP solve cost function in conditional scenarios obtain global optimal current time, used predict state changes multiple sampling periods online correction balanced current. algorithm improves overall reduces loss while considering charging discharging equalizer ensure consistent convergence each individual SOC. Simulation experimental results show that strategy quickly effectively correct lithium packs under various conditions, thereby greatly improving balance pack.

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In the context of global energy transition, thermal management electric vehicle batteries faces severe challenges due to temperature rise and consumption under dynamic operating conditions. Traditional strategies rely on real-time feedback suffer from response lag efficiency imbalance. this study, we propose a neural network-based synergistic optimization method for driving conditions prediction management, which collects multi-scenario real-vehicle data (358 60-s condition segments) by naturalistic collection method, extracts four typical (congestion, highway, urban, suburbia) combining with K-means clustering, constructs BP (backpropagation network) model (20 neurons in input layer 60 output layer) predict speed next s. Based results, coupled PID control mechanism dynamically adjusts coolant flow rate (maximum reduction 17.6%), reduces maximum battery 3.8 C, difference 0.3 standard deviation fluctuation at ambient temperatures 25~40 C is 0.2 AMESim simulation experimental validation. The results show that strategy significantly improves safety system economy complex working pro... Read More

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Heat pump system for battery electric vehicles that provides efficient heating and cooling for the cabin and battery. The system uses a heat pump with parallel cooling and heating loops. The main refrigerant loop cools the cabin using an external heat exchanger. Parallel loops draw heat from the battery and drive train. In cooling mode, the battery and drive train loops are bypassed. In heating mode, the battery and drive train loops are active. This allows efficient heating from ambient air, battery, and drive train sources. The parallel loops reduce pressure drop compared to serially connecting all heat sources.

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Thermal management system for electric vehicle batteries that allows individual cooling or heating of different zones within the battery to optimize performance and lifespan. The system uses multiple distinct circuits, each associated with a cooling zone, with independent flow control valves. A controller ranks the zones by temperature and adjusts the valves to balance cooling and heating based on the hottest and coldest zones. This provides customized cooling/heating to prevent hot spots and improve overall battery temperature management.

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Battery array design for electric vehicle packs that integrates roll-bonded cold plates into the battery array itself rather than using separate external cold plates. The roll-bonded cold plates are formed by joining two metal sheets along a bonded seam. This allows the cold plates to be integrated into the battery array support structure to directly manage the thermal performance of the battery cells. It reduces cost and complexity compared to separate cold plates. The roll-bonded plates can form one or more sides of the array structure.

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Liquid immersion cooling (LIC) system for battery packs that uses stacked perforated separator plates between cell rows to distribute coolant fluid vertically upward between the cells. The separator plates have interconnected coolant channels with angled grooves on one plate aligned with opposite angled grooves on the other plate. This zigzag channel pattern creates a pressure differential that forces coolant to flow vertically between the cells. The perforated plates with angled channels stacked between cell rows improve LIC cooling by distributing the coolant fluid over and between the cells.

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The thermal management system (TMS) of electric vehicles (EVs) plays a pivotal role in vehicle performance, driving range, battery lifespan, and passenger comfort. Precise control compressor speed, informed by real-time sensor data, is essential for improving TMS efficiency extending EV range. This study proposes strategy based on the PID Search Algorithm (PSA), ensuring optimal an integrated cabin TMS. A co-simulation platform combining AMESim Simulink developed validation, utilizing various sensors to monitor performance. Simulations are conducted under target temperatures 20 C 25 replicate operating conditions. optimized compared with most commonly used controllers, fuzzy strategies. results demonstrate that PSA-Optimized significantly outperforms other three For C, shows minimal temperature overshoot 0.012 COP improvements 0.06, 0.04, 0.03 strategies, respectively. further reduced 0.010 while coefficient performance (COP) increases 0.14, 0.01, 0.07 relative same benchmarks. Overall, indicate effectively utilizes data reduce overshoot, stabilize speed fluctuations, slow decay ... Read More

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This work presents an innovative approach to battery thermal management for e-bikes by addressing heat generation at its source rather than relying on conventional cooling techniques. Traditional systems rely sinks, fans, phase change materials, or fluids, which increase cost and complexity. In contrast, this study integrates embedded algorithms into the e-bikes motor controller, enabling temperature regulation through performance limitation. Two models are investigated: a reactive algorithm that reduces speed as nears critical threshold, predictive forecasts future evolution adjusts accordingly. Experimental results show successfully limited 26.7% below value but of reductions up 40%. The model, tested in two configurations, demonstrated improved performance, limiting maximum 20% while maintaining stable profiles. These findings confirm can effectively manage temperature, with model being suitable low-complexity applications offering enhanced when more computational resources available.

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With the rapid development of battery energy storage technology, issue thermal runaway (TR) in lithium-ion batteries has become a key challenge restricting their safe application. This study presents an innovative protection strategy that integrates liquid cooling with sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT)-based composite phase change materials (CPCM) to mitigate TR and its propagation prismatic modules. Through numerical simulation, this systematically investigates mechanism optimization pathways for The results indicate pure SAT exhibits poor latent heat performance due low conductivity. In contrast, incorporation expanded graphite (EG) significantly enhances conductivity improves overall performance. Compared traditional paraffin-expanded (PA-EG), SAT-EG, 4.8 times higher than PA-EG, demonstrates more six effectiveness delaying (TRP). When combined cooling, effect is further enhanced, will not be triggered when initial abnormal generation rate relatively low. Even if experiences TR, prevented thickness SAT-EG exceeds 12 mm. Ambient temperature influences both peak timing occurrence modu... Read More

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ABSTRACT Heat generation during fast charging and discharging of lithiumion batteries (LIBs) remains a significant challenge, potentially leading to overheating, reduced performance, or thermal runaway. Traditional battery management systems (BTMS), such as airbased cooling indirect liquid using cold plates, often result in high gradientsboth vertically within cells horizontally across packsespecially under highcurrent discharge rates. To address these issues, this study introduces evaluates steadystate convectionbased esteroil immersion (EOIC) technique for LIBs. Numerical simulations based on the Newman, Tiedemann, Gu Kim model, aligned with multiscale multidimensional principles, were performed both single 18650 cylindrical cell 4S2P pack. Experimental validations conducted 2C 3C rates at 25C ambient temperature. The EOIC system demonstrated temperature reduction up 13C 15C pack compared natural air convection achieved 10C gradient simulation results closely matched experimental data, maximum deviation only 2C, confirming model's reliabi... Read More

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Abstract Currently, as the use of electric vehicles is rapidly increasing, battery pack that powers system one most important issues. Li-ion batteries are preferred type because their high energy density, fast-charging capabilities, and long life. However, heat generated by current drawn affects performance poses safety risks. Effective thermal management systems (BTMSs) required to quickly remove this from packs. For purpose, three different models were created adding extra air inlet channels points on 4 6 module, cooling efficiency was investigated. Numerical analyses performed using Ansys Fluent software package, comparisons made both among themselves with conventional model. The (Basic Model, Model A, B C) analyzed at four Reynolds numbers (104, 2x104, 3x104, 4x104) calculated according velocity duct cross sections. Based these results, Nusselt number (Nu), temperature values, friction factor, pressure drop, PEC (performance criteria) values obtained. Compared Base effective methods determined C, respectively. Adding module resulted in least a 23.86% increase Nu numbers, 40% l... Read More

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ABSTRACT The efficiency and effectiveness of a battery thermal management system (BTMS) primarily depend on the lesser heat capacity phase change material (PCM). To improve performance BTMS, bare batteries with different extended surfaces (straight arc) are considered to enhance dissipation heat, leading significant enhancement performance. In present study, numerical simulations carried out study impact influence CuO (10%) nano additive dispersion in PCM. Also, analyses by modifying geometries arc fins battery. Results reported that proposed improved life 61%90% compared conventional BTMS systems. Extended boost exchange surface area, batterytoPCM/CuO dissipation, form novel method for conduction during liquid fraction melting. This network expands increasing fin radial distance, enhancing At ambient temperature range 15C45C, PCM/CuO/fin substantially PCMbased 163%, 192%, 212%, respectively. These findings demonstrate possibility straight shapes PCM control. experimental results show how these designs optimize transport, improving control under varied operating si... Read More

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Abstract Electric vehicle (EV) charging has recently become one of the most pressing issues. Given growing demand for lithiumion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles, this study analyzes optimization methods improving existing approaches to speed up while reducing temperature rise. This work formulates a doubleobjective function battery based on an electrothermal model. The focused objective is comprised combination two different fitness functions. Optimization current made dynamically following battery's temperature. These experimental findings validate proposed strategy's effectiveness delivering optimal profile. approach demonstrably achieves wellcalibrated balance between competing performance objectives. By adopting suggested strategy, any increase can be maintained within acceptable range. constant voltage (CCCV) method takes total time 1874 s, with shift from 26 45.78 .

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Under high-rate charging and discharging conditions, the coupling of phase change materials (PCMs) with liquid cooling proves to be an effective approach for controlling battery pack operating temperature performance. To address inherent low thermal conductivity PCM enhance heat transfer from plates, numerical simulations were conducted investigate effects installing fins between upper lower plates on distribution. The results demonstrated that merely adding surfaces filling in inter-cell gaps had limited effectiveness reducing maximum temperatures during 4C discharge (8A current), achieving only a 1.8 K reduction peak while increasing difference over 10 K. Cooling incorporating optimized flow channel configurations fins, alternating coolant inlet/outlet arrangements, appropriate increases rate (0.5 m/s), reduced inlet (293.15 K) could maintain below 306 constraining differences approximately 5 discharge. Although increased rates enhanced efficiency, improvements became negligible beyond 0.7 m/s due limitations conductivity. Excessively found adversely affect control initial phases. ... Read More

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Thermal management system for electric vehicle battery packs that provides efficient cooling and heating without adding significant weight or cost. The system uses a network of flexible tubes connecting intake and exhaust manifolds with channels tuned for even fluid flow distribution. It allows direct contact cooling/heating of individual battery cells by conforming tubes passing between them. The system connects to a pump and heat exchanger for circulating fluid through the pack. The flexible tubes fill and bleed easily for installation. The manifold design prevents fluid bypassing and ensures full inflation.

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Electric vehicles (EVs) are pivotal in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving sustainable transportation goals. However, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the primary energy source for EVs, face critical thermal management, safety, long-term efficiency challenges. This study proposes an integrated battery management system that combines a waterethylene glycol-based liquid cooling mechanism with high-conductivity copper tubing to enhance LIB performance, longevity, safety. Through COMSOL multiphysics simulations, this examines behavior under varying operational conditions. The results indicate 20% reduction temperature peaks, maintaining optimal range of 15C 35C, thus mitigating risks runaway. Experimental validation using infrared thermography imaging confirms system's efficiency, showing maximum recorded 43.48C load conditions, significantly lower than unmanaged systems. Beyond work integrates advanced strategies, including state-of-charge estimation, predictive fault diagnostics, active optimization, cell balancing. analysis further reveals proposed improves heat diss... Read More

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Abstract Non-contact boiling cooling enhances thermal management in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) during fast charge/discharge, ensuring rapid heat dissipation and temperature uniformity of LIBs. The microchannel plate (MCP) structure critically affects coolant transfer performance (BHTP) LIB distribution. Four types MCPs with different internal structures based on a MCP traditional straight channel (TSC-MCP) are proposed this research: an single-sided stepped trapezoidal fins (SSTF-MCP), bilateral (BSTF-MCP), equal-height (BEHTF-MCP), interconnected (BITF-MCP). flow characteristics (pressure drop between inlet outlet (P) friction coefficient (f)), (Nusselt number, Nu), total entropy production (Sgen), comprehensive (PEC) the HFE7000 MCPs, (Tstd) analyzed at Reynolds numbers (Re). optimal type for Tstd PEC is found to be BSTF-MCP. Subsequently, parameters decreasing height steps spacing adjacent BSTF-MCP optimized. Compared TSC-MCP, optimized shows significant improvements both characteristics. Specifically, P, f, Tstd, Sgen decreased by 7.59%, 26.53%, 3.83%, 6.25%, respectively, ... Read More

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Abstract The increasing demand for high-performance electric vehicles underscores the need efficient battery thermal management systems to ensure optimal performance and longevity of lithium-ion batteries. However, existing cooling methods often struggle maintain uniform temperature distributions effective heat dissipation, leading degradation safety concerns. To address these challenges, this study proposes an innovative liquid-cooled, microchannel-based system manage behavior a cylindrical 21700-type pack comprising 10 cells. This work aims rigorously investigate effects varying Reynolds numbers mass flow rates on critical parameters, including temperature, uniformity, convective transfer coefficient, coolant outlet pressure drop. A three-dimensional simulation model was employed analyze hydraulic proposed systems. results demonstrate that number from 400 700 significantly enhances performance, reducing maximum 38.69 C 34.25 decreasing gradient 2.45 1.86 C. improvement increases drop 3410 Pa 3990 Pa, necessitating more powerful pumping Furthermore, investigation reveals microch... Read More

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