Ion Diffusion in Sodium Ion Electric Vehicle Batteries

Sodium-ion battery for electric vehicles with enhanced performance and safety. The battery features optimized electrode surface densities for both positive and negative electrodes, enabling improved energy density, faster charging, and enhanced thermal stability. The surface density of the positive electrode active layer is between 215g/m² and 300g/m², while the negative electrode active layer surface density is between 25g/m² and 35g/m². The battery's thermal runaway prevention system ensures reliable operation under extreme conditions.

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Optimizing sodium ion battery production through dynamic charging control. The method involves controlling charging current and voltage to achieve optimal SEI film formation, while maintaining electrolyte integrity and preventing over-discharge. The control parameters are determined based on the battery's material properties and operating conditions, enabling rapid identification of optimal charging conditions for achieving a stable and effective SEI film.

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Dual-ion conductor diaphragm for lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries that enables enhanced thermal safety, improved ion migration barrier, and enhanced dynamic performance. The diaphragm comprises a base film with a lithium-ion conductor, sodium-ion conductor, dispersant, binder, wetting agent, and additive coating, which is applied to the base film's surface through a controlled drying process. This design enables the creation of a diaphragm that can be used in both lithium-ion and sodium-ion battery architectures, where the dual-ion conductor coating addresses both thermal safety concerns and improved ion transport properties.

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Sodium-ion battery separator with enhanced performance through synergistic integration of solid electrolyte and solid electrolyte matrix. The separator comprises a base film and a sodium ion-conductive coating on at least one side surface, where the coating is prepared by mixing solid electrolyte and solid electrolyte matrix in specific proportions and grinding to the required particle size. The coating is then baked to produce the modified separator. This design enables superior sodium ion conductivity, mechanical strength, and rate performance compared to conventional separators, making it suitable for high-performance sodium-ion batteries.

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High-efficiency sodium-ion battery with enhanced electrode performance through controlled solid electrolyte phase interface film (SEI) and electrochemical interface film (CEI) formation. The battery achieves improved charge/discharge efficiency by regulating the SEI and CEI thickness through precise control of electrolyte composition and operating conditions. This approach enables the battery to maintain its structural integrity during charge/discharge cycles while maintaining optimal SEI and CEI properties.

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High-safety composite electrode for sodium-ion batteries that eliminates conventional laminated designs by integrating positive and negative electrodes during coating. The electrode features a polymer base, a metal layer with L-shaped conductive members, and two additional conductive layers on top. The negative and positive active materials are applied to the metal layers, with an insulating layer at the positive material edge. This integrated design eliminates misalignment and short-circuit risks, while maintaining the benefits of a laminated structure.

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Sodium-ion battery with enhanced SEI stability through optimized electrolyte composition. The battery incorporates metal salt additives to enhance electrolyte properties, specifically targeting low electrode potential metal elements that facilitate SEI formation. The additives, including potassium, lithium, and other metal salts, are incorporated into the electrolyte to improve SEI film integrity and stability during charge/discharge cycles. This approach enables improved SEI properties, reduced impedance, and enhanced cycle stability compared to conventional battery designs.

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Diaphragm-free sodium-ion battery cell that eliminates traditional diaphragm separators by incorporating conductive layers on the electrode surfaces. The cell features a positive electrode sheet with integrated conductive layers, and a negative electrode sheet with conductive layers, creating a conductive interface between the electrodes. This design replaces conventional separators with a single, integrated conductive layer, enabling higher performance and safety in sodium-ion batteries.

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Sodium-ion battery with enhanced performance through a novel electrolyte composition. The electrolyte contains additives A, B, and C, with A being a silicon or tin compound with unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds, B being a fluorinated phosphorus-containing lithium salt, and C being a boron-containing sodium salt with high film-forming potential. The additives enhance the battery's first cycle performance, temperature stability, and thermal stability compared to conventional sodium-ion battery electrolytes.

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Sodium-ion battery with improved cycle stability by optimizing the SEI film formation. The battery contains a low-potential metal salt in the electrolyte, such as lithium, magnesium, or calcium salts, with standard electrode potentials below -2.714 V. The low-potential metal salt helps form a more stable SEI film. The battery parameters, like metal salt concentration, electrolyte volume, and negative electrode surface area, are adjusted to satisfy a specific relationship. This optimizes the SEI composition, reduces polarization, initial impedance, and impedance growth rate, and improves cycle life.

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Sodium-ion battery electrolyte additives, electrolytes, and battery technology that enhance performance through specific additives and compositions. The additives specifically target sodium-ion battery cathodes and negative electrodes, while the electrolyte formulations address the challenges of high-temperature operation and charging characteristics. The battery design incorporates advanced cathode materials, conductive agents, and binder systems to improve performance and durability.

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Sodium-ion battery using polyanionic materials with enhanced energy density through controlled sodium ion embedding. The battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte, with both electrodes selected from phosphate compounds with fast sodium ion conduction structures. The negative electrode is specifically chosen from NaTi2(PO4)3, Na3Fe2(PO4)3, or Na3MnTi(PO4)3, where the metal content ranges from 0 to 3. The positive electrode is formed from Na4Fe3(PO4)2, Na4Fe3xMnx(PO4)2, Na4Mn3(PO4)2, or Na3MnTi(PO4)3, where x ranges from 0 to 3. The electrodes are fabricated using a controlled embedding process that maintains the structural integrity of the polyanionic materials while ensuring efficient sodium ion insertion. The battery achieves high energy density through the optimized embedding mechanism, enabling large-scale applications without compromising performance.

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Hybrid lithium-sodium ion battery with improved cycle stability through controlled electrolyte composition. The battery utilizes a single electrolyte containing both lithium and sodium salts, where the lithium and sodium ions are present in the same electrolyte composition. This composition enables the formation of a moderately thick and uniform SEI film, which is crucial for maintaining the battery's cycle life. The electrolyte composition is optimized to achieve the optimal balance between SEI film thickness and battery performance, with the lithium and sodium ions present in the same electrolyte.

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A dry electrode for sodium-ion batteries that enhances performance through improved interface conductivity between the electrode and current collector. The electrode comprises a conductive polymer layer, active material layer, and solid electrolyte layer, with the conductive polymer layer in contact with the current collector. The active material layer contains sodium manganate as the positive electrode material and a conductive polymer. The electrode film is prepared by polymerizing the active material and conductive polymer mixture through a controlled polymerization process, followed by pressure treatment to achieve a uniform film thickness.

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Aqueous electrolyte solution with enhanced energy density and improved electrochemical performance. The solution contains a salt and a chaotropic additive, where the chaotropic additive is specifically designed to enhance the solution's potential window beyond the conventional limits of concentrated aqueous electrolytes. The chaotropic additive enables the solution to achieve higher energy density while maintaining superior electrochemical characteristics, particularly in applications requiring high energy density like sodium secondary batteries.

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Sodium-ion battery with improved performance and stability through controlled negative electrode active material (NEA) properties. The battery incorporates a novel electrolyte solution containing NaFSI as the electrolyte salt, with precise control over its composition. By regulating the NaFSI content and NEA particle size distribution, the solution achieves optimal SEI film properties, enabling enhanced rate performance and cycle stability. The solution's composition enables the SEI to maintain integrity during charging and discharging, while preventing sodium precipitation at the negative electrode. This results in improved overall battery performance and durability compared to conventional sodium-ion batteries.

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Electrolyte and gel polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries that achieve non-flammable properties through a novel polymer matrix. The electrolyte comprises a PVDF-HFP polymer matrix with PVDF-HFP, which when cast onto non-woven fabrics, forms a uniform gel matrix. The PVDF-HFP matrix provides excellent ion transport properties while the PVDF-HFP fibers enhance mechanical stability. The electrolyte exhibits exceptional capacity retention at high charge/discharge rates and maintains stability across a wide temperature range, making it suitable for both sodium and lithium-ion batteries.

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Polypyrrole-coated carbon-doped sodium vanadium phosphate cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, comprising a preparation method that combines carbon source and conductive polymer to create a material with enhanced conductivity and electron transfer properties. The material comprises carbon-doped sodium vanadium phosphate anode material, where carbon is incorporated through a process that simultaneously introduces polypyrrole and carbon source. This integrated approach addresses the limitations of traditional carbon-doped materials by incorporating both carbon and a conductive polymer into the material structure, thereby improving its electronic and ionic conductivity.

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Bipolar sodium-ion battery with improved energy density and service life through a novel bipolar architecture. The battery features stacked bipolar pole pieces with alternating positive and negative electrode regions, separated by insulating layers. The active layers are comprised of transition metal oxides, Prussian blue materials, polyanionic compounds, or amorphous materials, while the hard carbon provides mechanical support. The insulating layers sandwich the active layers between the pole pieces, preventing direct contact between the electrode surfaces. This bipolar design eliminates short circuits while maintaining structural integrity, enabling higher energy density and longer cycle life compared to conventional bipolar configurations.

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Sodium ion battery with enhanced performance characteristics, particularly for low impedance and long cycle operation. The battery comprises a positive electrode, negative electrode, separator, and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing sodium salt, non-aqueous solvent, and additives such as sodium difluorophosphate and fluorocarbons. The electrolyte provides both high ionic conductivity and excellent cycle stability, enabling reliable operation over thousands of charge/discharge cycles at low impedance.

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