Ion Diffusion in Sodium Ion Electric Vehicle Batteries

Sodium-ion battery for electric vehicles with enhanced performance and safety. The battery features optimized electrode surface densities for both positive and negative electrodes, enabling improved energy density, faster charging, and enhanced thermal stability. The surface density of the positive electrode active layer is between 215g/m² and 300g/m², while the negative electrode active layer surface density is between 25g/m² and 35g/m². The battery's thermal runaway prevention system ensures reliable operation under extreme conditions.

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Optimizing sodium ion battery production through dynamic charging control. The method involves controlling charging current and voltage to achieve optimal SEI film formation, while maintaining electrolyte integrity and preventing over-discharge. The control parameters are determined based on the battery's material properties and operating conditions, enabling rapid identification of optimal charging conditions for achieving a stable and effective SEI film.

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Dual-ion conductor diaphragm for lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries that enables enhanced thermal safety, improved ion migration barrier, and enhanced dynamic performance. The diaphragm comprises a base film with a lithium-ion conductor, sodium-ion conductor, dispersant, binder, wetting agent, and additive coating, which is applied to the base film's surface through a controlled drying process. This design enables the creation of a diaphragm that can be used in both lithium-ion and sodium-ion battery architectures, where the dual-ion conductor coating addresses both thermal safety concerns and improved ion transport properties.

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Sodium-ion battery separator with enhanced performance through synergistic integration of solid electrolyte and solid electrolyte matrix. The separator comprises a base film and a sodium ion-conductive coating on at least one side surface, where the coating is prepared by mixing solid electrolyte and solid electrolyte matrix in specific proportions and grinding to the required particle size. The coating is then baked to produce the modified separator. This design enables superior sodium ion conductivity, mechanical strength, and rate performance compared to conventional separators, making it suitable for high-performance sodium-ion batteries.

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High-efficiency sodium-ion battery with enhanced electrode performance through controlled solid electrolyte phase interface film (SEI) and electrochemical interface film (CEI) formation. The battery achieves improved charge/discharge efficiency by regulating the SEI and CEI thickness through precise control of electrolyte composition and operating conditions. This approach enables the battery to maintain its structural integrity during charge/discharge cycles while maintaining optimal SEI and CEI properties.

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High-safety composite electrode for sodium-ion batteries that eliminates conventional laminated designs by integrating positive and negative electrodes during coating. The electrode features a polymer base, a metal layer with L-shaped conductive members, and two additional conductive layers on top. The negative and positive active materials are applied to the metal layers, with an insulating layer at the positive material edge. This integrated design eliminates misalignment and short-circuit risks, while maintaining the benefits of a laminated structure.

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Sodium-ion battery with enhanced SEI stability through optimized electrolyte composition. The battery incorporates metal salt additives to enhance electrolyte properties, specifically targeting low electrode potential metal elements that facilitate SEI formation. The additives, including potassium, lithium, and other metal salts, are incorporated into the electrolyte to improve SEI film integrity and stability during charge/discharge cycles. This approach enables improved SEI properties, reduced impedance, and enhanced cycle stability compared to conventional battery designs.

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Diaphragm-free sodium-ion battery cell that eliminates traditional diaphragm separators by incorporating conductive layers on the electrode surfaces. The cell features a positive electrode sheet with integrated conductive layers, and a negative electrode sheet with conductive layers, creating a conductive interface between the electrodes. This design replaces conventional separators with a single, integrated conductive layer, enabling higher performance and safety in sodium-ion batteries.

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Sodium-ion battery with enhanced performance through a novel electrolyte composition. The electrolyte contains additives A, B, and C, with A being a silicon or tin compound with unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds, B being a fluorinated phosphorus-containing lithium salt, and C being a boron-containing sodium salt with high film-forming potential. The additives enhance the battery's first cycle performance, temperature stability, and thermal stability compared to conventional sodium-ion battery electrolytes.

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Sodium-ion battery with improved cycle stability by optimizing the SEI film formation. The battery contains a low-potential metal salt in the electrolyte, such as lithium, magnesium, or calcium salts, with standard electrode potentials below -2.714 V. The low-potential metal salt helps form a more stable SEI film. The battery parameters, like metal salt concentration, electrolyte volume, and negative electrode surface area, are adjusted to satisfy a specific relationship. This optimizes the SEI composition, reduces polarization, initial impedance, and impedance growth rate, and improves cycle life.

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Sodium-ion battery electrolyte additives, electrolytes, and battery technology that enhance performance through specific additives and compositions. The additives specifically target sodium-ion battery cathodes and negative electrodes, while the electrolyte formulations address the challenges of high-temperature operation and charging characteristics. The battery design incorporates advanced cathode materials, conductive agents, and binder systems to improve performance and durability.

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Sodium-ion battery using polyanionic materials with enhanced energy density through controlled sodium ion embedding. The battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte, with both electrodes selected from phosphate compounds with fast sodium ion conduction structures. The negative electrode is specifically chosen from NaTi2(PO4)3, Na3Fe2(PO4)3, or Na3MnTi(PO4)3, where the metal content ranges from 0 to 3. The positive electrode is formed from Na4Fe3(PO4)2, Na4Fe3xMnx(PO4)2, Na4Mn3(PO4)2, or Na3MnTi(PO4)3, where x ranges from 0 to 3. The electrodes are fabricated using a controlled embedding process that maintains the structural integrity of the polyanionic materials while ensuring efficient sodium ion insertion. The battery achieves high energy density through the optimized embedding mechanism, enabling large-scale applications without compromising performance.

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A dry electrode for sodium-ion batteries that enhances performance through improved interface conductivity between the electrode and current collector. The electrode comprises a conductive polymer layer, active material layer, and solid electrolyte layer, with the conductive polymer layer in contact with the current collector. The active material layer contains sodium manganate as the positive electrode material and a conductive polymer. The electrode film is prepared by polymerizing the active material and conductive polymer mixture through a controlled polymerization process, followed by pressure treatment to achieve a uniform film thickness.

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Aqueous electrolyte solution with enhanced energy density and improved electrochemical performance. The solution contains a salt and a chaotropic additive, where the chaotropic additive is specifically designed to enhance the solution's potential window beyond the conventional limits of concentrated aqueous electrolytes. The chaotropic additive enables the solution to achieve higher energy density while maintaining superior electrochemical characteristics, particularly in applications requiring high energy density like sodium secondary batteries.

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Sodium-ion battery with improved performance and stability through controlled negative electrode active material (NEA) properties. The battery incorporates a novel electrolyte solution containing NaFSI as the electrolyte salt, with precise control over its composition. By regulating the NaFSI content and NEA particle size distribution, the solution achieves optimal SEI film properties, enabling enhanced rate performance and cycle stability. The solution's composition enables the SEI to maintain integrity during charging and discharging, while preventing sodium precipitation at the negative electrode. This results in improved overall battery performance and durability compared to conventional sodium-ion batteries.

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Polypyrrole-coated carbon-doped sodium vanadium phosphate cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, comprising a preparation method that combines carbon source and conductive polymer to create a material with enhanced conductivity and electron transfer properties. The material comprises carbon-doped sodium vanadium phosphate anode material, where carbon is incorporated through a process that simultaneously introduces polypyrrole and carbon source. This integrated approach addresses the limitations of traditional carbon-doped materials by incorporating both carbon and a conductive polymer into the material structure, thereby improving its electronic and ionic conductivity.

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Bipolar sodium-ion battery with improved energy density and service life through a novel bipolar architecture. The battery features stacked bipolar pole pieces with alternating positive and negative electrode regions, separated by insulating layers. The active layers are comprised of transition metal oxides, Prussian blue materials, polyanionic compounds, or amorphous materials, while the hard carbon provides mechanical support. The insulating layers sandwich the active layers between the pole pieces, preventing direct contact between the electrode surfaces. This bipolar design eliminates short circuits while maintaining structural integrity, enabling higher energy density and longer cycle life compared to conventional bipolar configurations.

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Sodium ion battery with enhanced performance characteristics, particularly for low impedance and long cycle operation. The battery comprises a positive electrode, negative electrode, separator, and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing sodium salt, non-aqueous solvent, and additives such as sodium difluorophosphate and fluorocarbons. The electrolyte provides both high ionic conductivity and excellent cycle stability, enabling reliable operation over thousands of charge/discharge cycles at low impedance.

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Aqueous sodium-ion battery cathode material with improved performance for energy storage applications. The material, NaxFey (PO4)m(Y)n, exhibits enhanced stability and cycle life compared to conventional materials through its unique composition. The material's chemical structure, comprising a balance of fluorine, hydroxide, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and oxygen anions, provides optimal conditions for aqueous electrolyte operation. This composition enables the material to maintain its electrochemical properties even in the presence of water, while the sodium insertion potential is optimized for aqueous electrolyte conditions. The material's performance is superior to existing aqueous sodium-ion battery cathodes, enabling more efficient energy storage applications.

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Electrolyte, sodium ion secondary battery, and preparation method thereof with improved capacity and rate performance for sodium ion batteries compared to existing dual-ion batteries. The electrolyte contains two or more sodium salts with different anions. The sodium salts in the electrolyte are mixed to provide better electrochemical stability and performance compared to single salt electrolytes. The sodium ion secondary battery using this electrolyte has enhanced capacity and rate performance compared to conventional sodium ion batteries.

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Sodium ion battery negative electrode material and preparation method for enhancing sodium storage capacity and stability. The material comprises a sodium ion storage compound, such as NaTi2(PO4)3, which exhibits improved capacity retention and rate performance compared to conventional materials. The material is prepared through a novel process that incorporates a novel sodium storage compound with enhanced electronic conductivity and intercalation properties. The compound is prepared through a controlled reaction between sodium ions with a metal oxide precursor, resulting in a material with improved sodium storage capacity and stability.

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Sodium vanadium phosphate nanosheets prepared through a novel method that prevents agglomeration during synthesis. The preparation involves the use of a reducing acid, specifically oxalic acid dihydrate, citric acid, or anhydrous citric acid, which selectively reduces vanadium ions to form vanadium phosphate nanosheets. This selective reduction process prevents secondary particles from forming during the synthesis process, resulting in high-quality nanosheets with excellent dispersibility. The resulting nanosheets exhibit unique properties that enable efficient sodium ion intercalation and migration, making them suitable for high-performance sodium-ion batteries.

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A sodium ion battery that eliminates the safety concerns associated with traditional phosphate-based electrolytes. The battery employs a novel phosphate-free electrolyte system that replaces the phosphate esters commonly used in lithium-ion batteries with a phosphate ester-free solvent. This solvent, comprising trimethyl phosphate, enables the battery to achieve high safety and zero-strain operation while maintaining excellent cycle life, rate performance, and thermal stability. The solvent also provides improved solubility in sodium salt solutions, enabling the battery to operate without the need for phosphate ester additives. The solvent-based electrolyte system addresses the limitations of traditional phosphate-based systems, including their narrow electrochemical window and poor electrode compatibility.

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Sodium-ion battery with improved performance through the use of a novel electrolyte that addresses common issues in existing sodium-ion batteries. The electrolyte comprises a sodium salt of at least two different anions, which enhances charge storage capacity and rate capability. The battery design incorporates a tin-based negative electrode that serves both as an electrode active material and current collector. The assembly combines the negative electrode with a tin box as both an electrode active material and current collector, while maintaining the conventional graphite-based positive electrode.

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Flexible electrode material for sodium-ion batteries that achieves high conductivity without traditional current collectors or binders. The material consists of a network of carbon nanofibers dispersed within a polymer matrix, where the polymer is derived from a precursor containing polyanionic phosphate, silicate, or pyrophosphate. The polymer matrix is prepared through a controlled solution spinning process, followed by electrospinning. The resulting material exhibits excellent conductivity and mechanical flexibility, enabling the creation of flexible electrodes for sodium-ion batteries.

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Preparation of three-dimensional graphene network-supported sodium fluorophosphate fluorophosphate composite microspheres for sodium-ion batteries. The microspheres consist of sodium vanadate fluorophosphate nanoparticles embedded between a three-dimensional graphene network framework. The graphene network provides enhanced mechanical stability and electrical conductivity while the vanadate fluorophosphate nanoparticles improve electrochemical performance through enhanced ionic conductivity. The composite microspheres exhibit superior electrochemical properties compared to conventional sodium vanadate fluorophosphate materials, with enhanced cycling stability and high-rate performance.

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Sodium ion secondary battery nonaqueous electrolyte and its sodium ion secondary battery, comprising the nonaqueous electrolyte, for preventing aluminum corrosion in positive electrode current collectors while enhancing charging voltage. The electrolyte contains a sodium bisfluorosulfonyl ether and an organic solvent, which provides superior corrosion protection and voltage enhancement properties compared to conventional electrolytes. The nonaqueous electrolyte enables higher charging voltages while maintaining excellent safety characteristics.

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Sodium-ion battery with a novel cathode design that enables high energy density and environmentally friendly operation. The battery comprises a positive electrode comprising a positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material, and a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode active material. The cathode active material is a carbon-based material with a layered structure, while the positive electrode active material contains a transition metal oxide. The battery utilizes a modified electrolyte solution with an additive that enhances the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. The battery design eliminates the need for a separate negative electrode, achieving higher energy density and improved performance compared to conventional sodium-ion batteries.

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Cathode material for sodium-ion batteries that enhances storage capacity and stability through a novel alloy composition. The material, NaTi2P3, combines the benefits of titanium and phosphorus to achieve improved electrical conductivity, discharge capacity, and cycle life compared to conventional anode materials. The alloy composition enables enhanced sodium storage capacity while maintaining the structural integrity of the material.

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A composite material for sodium-ion batteries that enhances performance through a novel carbon coating process. The material comprises secondary particles with primary particles of titanium phosphate and phosphoric acid-coated carbon particles. The carbon layer is prepared through a two-step process, with the first step involving a conventional carbon coating method and the second step involving a modified carbon coating process that incorporates a novel carbon precursor. This composite material provides improved conductivity, uniformity, and stability compared to conventional sodium titanate electrodes.

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Polyaniline modified vanadyl phosphate cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, which enhances electrochemical performance by introducing conductive polyaniline. The material combines the high conductivity of polyaniline with the structural framework of vanadyl phosphate, enabling rapid ion diffusion and improved charge-discharge efficiency. The vanadyl phosphate structure provides a stable, three-dimensional framework for vanadium ions, while the polyaniline enhances conductivity through its electronic conduction properties.

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A method for producing high-performance sodium-ion battery cathode materials, specifically Na3V2(PO4)3/C, through a simplified and efficient approach. The method combines vanadium, sodium, phosphorus, carbon, and surfactant in a single solution, allowing for uniform mixing and dispersion of the precursor material. The solution is then processed to create a uniform dispersion, which is then lyophilized to produce the precursor powder. The powder is then calcined directly at high temperature without intermediate cooling steps, significantly reducing sintering time and effort compared to traditional multi-step processing methods.

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Sodium-ion battery with improved electrolyte performance that maintains high voltage stability and efficiency. The electrolyte contains zinc and sodium salts, surfactant, and water/ethanol solvent, which is modified to enhance its electrochemical properties. The modified electrolyte provides superior performance characteristics, including higher capacity, energy density, and coulombic efficiency, while maintaining voltage stability. The surfactant component plays a crucial role in maintaining the electrolyte's electrochemical stability and preventing side reactions. The battery design features a 2:1 ratio of sodium to zinc salts and titanium anode material.

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A three-dimensional carbon-coated titanium phosphate (TiPO4) nanowire electrode for sodium-ion batteries, featuring enhanced electrochemical performance through hierarchical carbon coating. The coating creates a three-dimensional structure with high surface area and excellent reactivity, facilitating efficient ion transport and improved electrochemical stability. The carbon coating also enables enhanced conductivity and mechanical durability compared to traditional TiPO4 electrodes.

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A composite cathode material for sodium-ion batteries that enhances performance, cycle life, and thermal stability through a multi-core-shell architecture. The material comprises a core made of amorphous carbon layers coated with sodium phosphate and sodium fluorophosphate, with a conductive polymer shell. The core-shell structure combines the benefits of both materials, with the phosphate-based structure offering improved ionic conductivity and charge storage capacity, while the fluorophosphate-based structure enhances thermal stability and charge-discharge performance.

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A novel cathode material for sodium-ion batteries that enables high-performance energy storage through the integration of vanadium redox flow batteries. The method involves embedding vanadium-based cathode materials into aqueous sodium-ion electrolyte solutions, where the vanadium ions facilitate the redox reaction. The aqueous solution is prepared by combining vanadium acetate and sodium acetate in a specific molar ratio, with a glass fiber membrane separator and carbon cloth current collector. The vanadium-based cathode materials are assembled into the battery cell, enabling superior performance characteristics at high charge rates.

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Layered sodium vanadium oxide (NaVO4) @ graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites for high-rate, long-life sodium-ion battery cathodes. The nanocomposites are synthesized through a hydrothermal method that creates uniform dispersion of GO sheets on the vanadium oxide precursor surface. The GO sheets form a stable mixed gel dispersion, which is then freeze-dried to preserve the internal structure. The precursor is then subjected to a controlled heat treatment process, resulting in the formation of layered NaVO4 @ GO nanocomposites with enhanced electrochemical performance.

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Nanocrystalline vanadium phosphate sodium carbon anode material for sodium-ion batteries, comprising vanadium phosphate sodium carbon or graphite alkene compounds, prepared through a novel method involving controlled vanadium doping and phosphorus addition. The material achieves high sodium-ion storage capacity while maintaining low cost and environmental sustainability, offering a promising alternative to traditional lithium-ion battery anodes.

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