Cell Balancing Algorithms to Prevent Thermal Runaway in EVs

Multifunctional battery packaging and insulation system that enables efficient cooling of lithium-ion battery cells through a novel porous ceramic foam structure. The system comprises a block with strategically positioned recesses that house individual battery cells, where the foam material has open cells allowing gas or liquid flow. A pump circulates cooling media through the block, enabling precise temperature management and preventing thermal runaway. The system addresses both thermal management and cell-level cooling challenges in lithium-ion battery cells.

Source

Balancing protection for multiple series-connected battery cells through real-time monitoring of voltage, current, and temperature data. The system analyzes internal resistance gradients to predict potential degradation and thermal issues, enabling targeted balancing interventions. It integrates temperature and resistance data to evaluate the impact of thermal management strategies on battery performance. The system employs machine learning algorithms to optimize balancing operations based on real-time data, ensuring consistent voltage and temperature distribution across the battery pack.

Source

A battery module with adaptive coolant channel cross-sectional area control to mitigate thermal runaway events in lithium-ion cells. The module features heat-sinks with variable coolant channel cross-sectional areas that dynamically adjust to maintain optimal cooling performance based on temperature changes in adjacent cells. This adaptive cooling strategy prevents thermal runaway propagation by redirecting cooling to affected cells, thereby preventing the thermal runaway event from spreading throughout the module.

Source

Battery management system that prevents temperature-related degradation in lithium-ion batteries by controlling cell temperature differences through real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance. The system measures temperature at two points in the battery pack, one at each cell, and compares them to predict potential temperature imbalances. Based on this temperature comparison, the system implements temperature-controlled charging or discharging strategies to prevent thermal stress on cells operating at different temperatures.

Source

A battery pack thermal runaway protection system that uses advanced cell-level data analysis to prevent thermal runaway in battery packs. The system integrates a battery management system (BMS) with a thermal management system to monitor and control temperature and voltage conditions across the battery pack. When abnormal conditions are detected, the BMS sends control signals to the thermal management system, which activates targeted cooling through precise flow management of the cooling medium. This enables rapid temperature reduction and prevents the rapid thermal runaway that can occur when cells fail to cool properly. The system incorporates multiple temperature sensors and flow control mechanisms to ensure uniform cooling across the battery pack.

Source

A BMS system for lithium-ion battery packs that prevents thermal runaway through active control of individual cells. The system comprises multiple sub-control circuits connected in parallel to the main control chip, each controlling a separate battery cell. The sub-control circuits employ a ferrite bead filter to remove high-frequency interference, and a light-emitting diode to monitor temperature. The system integrates a varistor-based equalization module and a temperature control module, with the sub-control circuits controlling each cell individually. This configuration enables precise temperature management of each battery cell while preventing thermal runaway across the entire pack.

Source

Energy storage system optimization through dynamic equalization control that balances charging time and energy loss. The system employs an optimization algorithm to find the optimal charging rate and time based on real-time conditions, including temperature, battery state, and load demand. This approach enables precise control of the charging process while minimizing energy loss through advanced equalization strategies that combine passive and active methods. The system continuously monitors energy loss and adjusts the equalization parameters to maintain optimal performance and battery lifespan.

Source

A battery pack discharge method to mitigate thermal runaway and reduce safety risks when cells overheat. The method involves selectively discharging bypass cells and monitoring cell voltages to prevent thermal runaway propagation. When a cell temperature exceeds a threshold, find physically connected bypass cells and discharge them to lower pack voltage. This reduces the chance of neighboring cells overheating. Similarly, if a cell voltage exceeds a threshold, discharge it to lower pack voltage. This prevents adjacent cells from overcharging. By selectively discharging cells, it reduces the pack's overall voltage to mitigate thermal runaway and reduces safety risks.

Source

Delaying or preventing heat propagation in high voltage battery packs with cell stacks having thermal barrier layers between cells. The technique involves reducing the state of charge of adjacent cells if a cell experiences thermal runaway. This targeted discharge removes energy that could trigger further propagation in adjacent cells. The discharge time is coordinated with the thermal delay provided by the barrier layer to maximize the discharge window. By combining barrier layers with controlled cell discharge, safety is balanced with energy density.

Source

Battery cell unit, battery pack, and vehicle technology that enhance safety by preventing thermal runaway through advanced thermal management systems. The system integrates multiple thermal monitoring and protection mechanisms across the battery pack, including temperature sensors, thermal management systems, and protective circuitry. This integrated approach enables real-time detection and response to thermal anomalies, preventing catastrophic failures and ensuring the safe operation of the battery pack and vehicle.

Source

A method for equalizing the state of charge (SOC) of cascaded battery clusters in energy storage systems through advanced control strategies. The method involves determining the standard deviation of battery cell voltage across the entire system, then employing automatic bypass control to dynamically adjust the SOC of non-bypassed clusters during charging and discharging phases. This approach ensures consistent SOC levels across all clusters, mitigating the common issue of SOC imbalance in cascaded systems.

Source

Battery pack for power storage devices that rapidly extinguishes thermal runaway in battery cells through controlled external short-circuiting. The pack comprises a housing, battery modules with integrated thermal management, and an external short-circuiting unit that rapidly connects to a battery cell when thermal runaway occurs. The external short-circuiting unit enables controlled external discharge of the short-circuited cell, preventing spread of thermal energy through the pack. This enables rapid fire suppression and prevention of thermal runaway, significantly improving safety in battery packs.

Source

Battery Management System (BMS) for electric vehicles that ensures balanced charging across all cells while preventing overcharging. The system employs a unique switching strategy that dynamically distributes charge between cells, utilizing a combination of ultra-capacitor (UC) charging and natural charging control. The BMS employs a thermistor-based temperature monitoring system and temperature-controlled charging profiles to maintain consistent state-of-charge across all battery cells.

Source

Battery system and control method that prevents cell balancing errors by dynamically identifying and balancing abnormal cells. The system monitors battery cell parameters and detects cells with significant deviations from normal operation. When an abnormal cell is detected, the system calculates a reference voltage for balancing the affected cells, ensuring uniform voltage and state-of-charge across the battery module. This approach enables precise balancing while avoiding the limitations of traditional passive balancing methods.

Source

Non-level active and passive equalization circuit for lithium-ion battery packs that achieves precise balancing through dynamic threshold-based control. The circuit employs an LC resonant circuit with three capacitors and an active equalization circuit based on MOSFET switches, while a passive equalization circuit uses a resistance shunt. The circuit extracts dynamic thresholds from battery characteristics like voltage, SOC, and ambient temperature, and dynamically switches between active and passive equalization modes to achieve balance.

Source

Thermal runaway prevention system for series-connected battery packs that prevents overheating while maintaining pack operation. The system employs a multi-layer thermal management approach: a high thermal conductivity layer surrounding each battery cell, a low thermal conductivity material filling the gaps between these layers, and a heat pipe connecting the layers. Temperature sensors monitor each layer's temperature, and a series branch switch controls the cell or branch while a parallel branch switch controls the spare cell. The system prevents heat migration through the layers by using low thermal conductivity materials to block heat transfer between cells, and the heat pipe facilitates efficient heat dissipation. This configuration enables real-time temperature monitoring and automatic temperature control of each cell while maintaining pack operation.

Source

Early warning method for thermal runaway of power batteries that addresses the current limitations of traditional methods. The method employs a novel approach to detect thermal runaway by analyzing the difference between the battery's internal resistance and its thermal resistance. This difference is calculated based on the battery's temperature and internal resistance, providing a more accurate indication of potential thermal runaway compared to traditional methods that rely solely on temperature thresholds.

Source

Control method, device, and battery pack technical field for preventing thermal runaway spread in lithium-ion battery packs. The method involves a distributed control system that monitors battery temperature and voltage changes across the pack. When a battery's temperature or voltage exceeds predetermined thresholds, the system automatically activates temperature-controlled switches in adjacent batteries, preventing the spread of thermal runaway. This approach enables localized cooling and containment of thermal events, rather than relying on centralized cooling systems that can be ineffective in preventing the spread of thermal runaway.

Source

Accumulator for electric vehicles with enhanced thermal management capabilities. The accumulator comprises a series or parallel arrangement of battery cells connected by cooling plates, with integrated emergency cooling devices. Each cooling plate features a temperature-sensing element and a controlled flow system for managing coolant or refrigerant during thermal events. The emergency cooling devices prevent thermal spread between cells by selectively activating cooling when internal cell temperatures exceed predetermined thresholds. This integrated cooling system enables safe operation of high-voltage batteries with enhanced thermal stability.

Source

Active temperature equalization control for battery packs during cooling to prevent severe temperature fluctuations and improve thermal consistency, efficiency, and safety. The system monitors the average and maximum temperature differences between sensors in the pack. It then adjusts fan and pump speeds to stepwise change the coolant inlet temperature. This reduces the large initial temperature difference between hot pack and cold coolant, preventing excessive temperature swings and internal damage.

Source

Battery array equalization circuit that enables cross-branch balancing and directional balancing through a novel topology that incorporates multiple balancing modules arranged in parallel. The circuit features a controller, energy storage element, and multiple balancing modules connected in series to form battery balancing groups. Each balancing module comprises a bridge arm with a voltage sensor and a switch tube, connected in parallel with the energy storage element. The balancing modules are arranged in horizontal groups and connected in parallel at the energy storage element's terminals, with the bridge arms' midpoints connected to the battery terminals. The controller manages the balancing process across multiple groups, enabling efficient and precise cross-branch balancing while maintaining directional control.

Source

Battery equalization system that eliminates the need for separate cooling devices while maintaining temperature control. The system integrates equalization modules, a heating module, and a heat dissipation module into a single temperature management system. The equalization modules, heating module, and dissipation module operate in parallel through the system's output ports, with the output ports connecting to the battery management system. This configuration eliminates the need for additional cooling devices while maintaining temperature control, allowing the equalization process to operate without affecting electronic device performance.

Source

Battery system for electric vehicles that optimizes thermal management during discharge. The system employs advanced thermal management techniques to prevent battery degradation during low-state-of-charge conditions. The system includes a battery management system (BMS) that monitors battery state-of-charge and temperature, and a thermal management system that actively regulates heat dissipation through active cooling channels and thermal interfaces. This enables the battery to maintain optimal operating conditions even when the vehicle is in low-state-of-charge, reducing the risk of thermal-related battery degradation.

Source

A lithium-ion battery thermal protection system that enables safe operation at high temperatures without compromising safety. The system integrates a temperature monitoring and control circuit within the battery pack, which detects temperature anomalies and initiates a thermal shutdown mechanism. The circuit includes a temperature sensor, a thermal protection module, and a control circuit that monitors battery temperature and voltage. When the battery temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold, the control circuit activates the thermal shutdown mechanism, which rapidly de-energizes the battery. The system prevents thermal runaway while maintaining stable battery operation during thermal events.

Source

A charging system for large-capacity battery packs that dynamically switches battery cells based on power and temperature conditions. The system employs a power management controller that monitors battery cell power and temperature, and automatically switches cells to maintain balanced charging. The controller continuously monitors the battery pack's state of charge and temperature, and adjusts charging parameters to prevent overcharging and ensure safe operation. The system also includes a power detection and temperature monitoring system that continuously monitors the battery pack's electrical and thermal state.

Source

Equalization control for parallel battery storage systems by sorting charge state values using the Hill method. The system collects charge state data from individual battery cells and applies the Hill sorting algorithm to rank them. This enables precise control of battery state of charge levels, ensuring balanced charging and discharging across the parallel system.

Source

Power battery thermal runaway cooling and extinguishing system for electric vehicles that prevents battery fires and explosions by integrating cooling and extinguishing into the battery design. The system uses high-temperature fusible material cooling blocks attached to the battery cells. When the cell temperature exceeds the block melting point, it dissolves and floods the cell with coolant to quench overheating or fires. The blocks are connected in series with the battery terminals and circulate cooling fluid through the pack.

Source

Thermal management system for electric vehicle batteries that reduces temperature differences between battery modules to improve performance and longevity. The system has a liquid cooling loop with multiple battery cooling units, each cooling two modules. A controller adjusts the flow valves based on module temperatures. When a module gets too hot, the controller opens the valve more to direct more coolant to that module, gradually equalizing temperatures. This compensates for fixed positions with higher temps by actively balancing cooling.

Source

Battery pack balancing control method that addresses the conventional limitations of balancing lithium-ion battery packs. The method employs advanced voltage monitoring and capacity analysis to determine the optimal balance point between battery modules. By identifying the highest voltage during charging and the lowest voltage during discharge, the system determines the most critical balance point. This approach enables precise energy transfer between modules, ensuring optimal battery state and preventing pack degradation.

Source

Battery equalization device with integrated heating for thermal management in both high and low temperature environments. The device comprises a series of equalization circuits, each with a high-power heating resistor that can be controlled using a MOSFET switch. The heating resistor is positioned in close contact with the battery cell casing, ensuring uniform temperature distribution throughout the battery pack. The device features a modular design with equal spacing between heating resistors, allowing precise control over temperature uniformity across the battery pack. This integrated heating solution enables efficient temperature management while maintaining high equalization efficiency and minimal thermal rise.

Source

Power management IC for lithium-ion battery systems that integrates advanced protection features into a single, compact chip. The IC provides real-time monitoring of battery voltage, current, and temperature, enabling dynamic protection against overcharging, over-discharging, and thermal stress. The system automatically detects anomalies and initiates protective measures, including voltage limiting, current limiting, and thermal shutdown, while also providing LED/LCD display indicators for battery health. This integrated approach enables comprehensive protection without the need for separate components.

Source

Battery voltage equalization circuit topology for electric vehicles that addresses the conventional limitations of equalization through a balanced approach. The circuit employs a dynamic equalization strategy that continuously monitors battery state-of-charge (SOC) and adjusts charging/discharging rates based on real-time SOC values. This enables precise control over charging/discharging patterns, preventing overcharging and undercharging while maintaining optimal battery health.

Source

Intelligent battery pack having both battery cell balancing and thermal management functions. The pack has smart battery cases connected in series with voltage and temperature acquisition boards, balancing switches, DC-DC converters, cooling and heating devices, and a main controller. The main controller coordinates cell balancing and thermal management. It can selectively connect or disconnect cells, isolate converters, and switch cooling or heating based on cell data. This enables balancing energy between cells while using high voltage cells to power thermal management instead of external supplies.

Source

A composite battery pack thermal management system for electric vehicles that uses a combination of phase change cooling, air cooling, and air conditioning to efficiently regulate battery temperature. The system has real-time temperature sensing and stepwise control to optimize each cooling branch. This enhances thermal consistency and prevents thermal runaway by cascading liquid cooling, avoiding sudden temperature differences, and mitigating thermal fluctuations.

Source

Battery pack balance control method and system that prevents battery management system misuse and safety issues by monitoring and controlling individual cell state of charge (SOC). The system ensures consistent charging and discharging across cells while preventing overcharging, over-discharging, and cell imbalance. This enables reliable battery pack operation, improves overall system performance, and enhances safety by preventing potential issues such as cell degradation and thermal runaway.

Source

Battery management system, power supply system, and method for balancing cell voltages in multi-cell battery packs to improve pack life and prevent early cell failure. The system has a central controller that coordinates battery management modules in each pack. It uses bidirectional DC-DC converters, mode selection switches, and thermal modules to balance cell voltages and temperatures. The converters transfer energy between packs, the switches prevent reflux, and the thermal modules heat/cool cells as needed. The central controller coordinates operation.

Source

Battery control system for lithium-ion batteries that optimizes charging, discharging, and storage conditions based on real-time temperature and voltage measurements. The system integrates temperature and voltage sensors into the battery pack, enabling precise control of charging, discharging, and storage parameters. The system dynamically adjusts these parameters based on the battery's operating temperature, ensuring optimal performance and safety during charging and discharging cycles.

Source

Battery equalization circuit for interleaved converters in lithium-ion batteries, enabling efficient and compact equalization through a novel interleaving approach. The method employs a multi-phase interleaving strategy where the battery is divided into multiple phases, each containing a portion of the cells. During equalization, these phases are interleaved in a controlled manner to balance the voltage across the battery pack. This approach eliminates the conventional pack-to-cell equalization requirements while maintaining the benefits of interleaving, including improved efficiency and reduced complexity compared to traditional pack-to-cell equalization circuits.

Source

Energy storage converter and balance control method for renewable energy systems that improves system reliability and capacity through equalization of battery cells. The converter comprises a storage unit, an inductor, A-phase input and output terminals, B-phase input and output terminals and C-phase input and output terminals, where the storage unit includes batteries, capacitors, and a single-phase full-bridge inverter circuit. Each energy storage unit is a monomer, and the cells are connected in parallel across cascaded storage cells. The converter features a phase-balancing circuit that adjusts the average voltage across all energy storage units when their voltages deviate from equalization, enabling continuous operation even with single-unit faults. This phase-balancing mechanism eliminates the need for traditional BMS while maintaining system reliability.

Source

Battery equalization circuit and control system for lithium-ion batteries that enables precise cell balancing across multiple cells while maintaining overall system voltage stability. The circuit incorporates a transformer, switching circuit, and advanced measurement and control systems to accurately detect and manage cell voltage deviations. This enables precise balancing across individual cells while maintaining overall system voltage stability, addressing the limitations of traditional voltage balance methods. The system also includes a charging and discharging control mechanism that optimizes equalization processes to match the charging and discharging characteristics of individual cells.

Source

Battery thermal management system for electric vehicles featuring a serpentine heat exchanger with integrated cooling passages. The system comprises a battery array with cells arranged in a serpentine configuration, a heat exchanger with serpentine film, and a bladder container that encloses the cells. The bladder contains a spacer element that prevents complete cell compression of the internal coolant passages. The heat exchanger's serpentine design enables efficient heat dissipation through the coolant circulation system while maintaining cell contact. The bladder container's design ensures cell compression while maintaining the serpentine heat exchanger's structural integrity.

Source

A lithium battery balancing integrated circuit for lithium-ion batteries that provides enhanced safety and efficiency through a novel temperature monitoring and control system. The circuit comprises a power supply, charging, and temperature detection pins, with a heating resistor connected to the common pin. A temperature sensor is mounted on the heater's side surface, and a temperature switch is integrated with the heater. The circuit includes a control switch that connects to the power supply pin, enabling automatic switching between charging and balancing modes. This integrated design eliminates the need for separate temperature monitoring and control components, offering improved reliability and safety compared to conventional balancing systems.

Source

A battery pack cooling system for electric vehicles that ensures balanced temperatures across all cells to improve battery life and performance. The system uses internal baffles within the battery box to direct airflow between cells. This prevents hot spots and provides uniform cooling/heating. The baffles are positioned vertically to match the cell layout. By balancing airflow to each cell, it prevents uneven temperatures and aging issues that can occur with conventional battery packs.

Source

High-efficiency equalizer topology circuit for a double-layer bridge arm series battery pack, enabling continuous equalization of battery cells during charging and discharging cycles. The circuit employs a novel active equalization approach that utilizes a dedicated power amplifier to generate a continuous equalizing current, eliminating the limitations of traditional passive equalization methods. This enables the battery pack to maintain optimal state-of-charge levels during charging and discharging, while maintaining the high efficiency and reliability of the battery pack's charging and discharging processes.

Source

Charging battery pack with intelligent current limiting that prevents rapid capacity loss during charging. The charging system continuously monitors both the battery voltage and temperature, determining the optimal charging current based on both parameters. It then controls the charging current to be below the maximum charging current value (MCCV), ensuring safe and efficient charging while preventing rapid voltage and temperature degradation.

Source

Dynamic battery capacity estimation for electric vehicles through a novel, continuous monitoring approach. The method employs a battery management system (BMS) to continuously monitor and analyze battery state-of-charge (SOC) using advanced techniques like Kalman filtering. When the BMS detects significant deviations from normal operating conditions, it initiates a series of controlled discharges to balance the battery state. This balanced discharge process ensures accurate SOC estimation by preventing overcharging and undercharging. The method continuously monitors the battery's state-of-charge and adjusts the discharge parameters based on real-time conditions, enabling precise capacity estimation.

Source

Electric vehicle battery pack heat management system to balance temperatures between cells and prolong battery life. The system involves using baffle plates inside the battery pack enclosure to create a forced airflow path between cells. This equalizes temperatures and prevents hotspots. The baffles are vertical plates between the cell compartments that direct airflow from intakes to outlets. This ensures consistent airflow and cooling/heating across the pack.

Source

Lithium battery protection circuit for integrated circuits that enables real-time monitoring and control of battery state-of-charge, voltage, temperature, and current. The circuit comprises a base plate with integrated control modules for balance, voltage comparison, oscillator, temperature comparison, logic, and current detection. The control modules are bidirectionally connected through a single interface, enabling simultaneous monitoring and control of multiple battery parameters.

Source

A lithium battery protection IC for integrated circuits that enables precise state-of-charge monitoring and balance control through a compact design. The IC integrates a balance control circuit, voltage comparison module, oscillator, temperature comparison module, logic control module, and current detection module. The balance control circuit compares the battery's state of charge to the reference level, while the voltage comparison module monitors the battery's voltage. The oscillator module generates a signal to the logic control module, which then controls the balance circuit. The temperature comparison module monitors the battery's temperature. The current detection module measures the battery's current. This architecture enables accurate state-of-charge monitoring and balance control without requiring complex power management circuits.

Source