Lithium Recovery from Used EV Batteries

Recycling lithium from lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, which are a type of lithium-ion battery. The recycling process involves extracting lithium from black mass material derived from LFP batteries. The method includes adjusting pH and iron concentration of the black mass slurry, separating out ferrous phosphate, processing the resulting solutions to concentrate lithium sulfate, and precipitating lithium compounds for recovery.

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An efficient green method for extracting lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries to solve the resource scarcity challenge. The method uses the lithium plating phenomenon that occurs during fast charging of end-of-life batteries to concentrate lithium at the anode/separator interface. This concentrated lithium is then recovered using water as the extraction solvent. The recovery process involves electrochemically charging the spent battery at high rates to induce lithium plating, which deposits metallic lithium at the anode. Extracting the concentrated lithium from the plated film and SEI layer using water only, no acids or bases, achieves over 90% lithium recovery compared to conventional recycling methods.

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Closed-loop recycling process for lithium from lithium-ion battery cathode materials that selectively extracts lithium from a recycling stream containing lithium and transition metals. The process involves leaching the lithium with an organic acid that dissolves lithium but not the transition metals. The leach solution is then distilled to separate the dissolved lithium. The distilled lithium solution is sintered to form lithium carbonate powder that can be washed and filtered to obtain highly pure lithium carbonate. This closed-loop process provides efficient and selective recovery of lithium from battery recycling waste.

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Recovering lithium from waste lithium-ion batteries using an aqueous process. The process involves immersing the battery active material in water and bubbling carbon dioxide. This leaches lithium from the material as soluble lithium compounds into the water. The pH is controlled to suppress aluminum leaching. The solution is then crystallized to recover lithium carbonate.

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Apparatus for efficiently recycling waste lithium-ion battery components like electrolyte, slurry and positive electrode material. The recycling system uses a turntable with fixed assemblies to suction, shake and drop out the battery contents. The slurry and electrolyte are centrifuged to separate and recycle. The solid positive electrode material is calcined, crushed and acid leached. This allows efficient and harmless recycling of all battery components without volatile gas release. The system has a simple flow, high efficiency and prevents environmental pollution compared to existing battery recycling methods.

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Fine adjustment of 3D roof models generated from aerial images using a variable neighborhood search (VNS) optimization technique. The VNS algorithm iteratively refines the parameters of a 3D roof model projected onto an aerial image to improve alignment. It weighs candidate models and uses VNS to find the optimal one. This allows refining roof models from aerial images for more accurate representation of the actual roofs.

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A low-cost, efficient method to recycle lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries and produce high-purity LFP precursor material for reuse in new batteries. The recycling process involves steps like acid leaching, copper electrolysis, iron oxidation, iron phosphate precipitation, and lithium carbonate precipitation. It separates and removes impurities like copper and aluminum from the LFP precursor, reducing impurity content compared to other methods.

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As demand for lithiumion batteries increases, the supply of materials is increasingly constrained by their geographical concentration. This has spurred significant research into recycling spent to enhance resource circulation. Currently, commercially applied methods (such as pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy) face environmental economic challenges, including waste acid gas generation, hightemperature heat treatment, operational complexity. A promising alternative carbothermic reduction process, which operates at lower temperatures, minimizing costs emissions. However, this method still requires large quantities external reducing agents. Therefore, study aims introduce a simplified direct (SDCR) process. The SDCR process leveraged carbon conductive organic binders within electrode Additionally, high compaction state created conducive environment gases, promoting efficient material recovery. approach reduces reliance on agents streamlines reupcycling making it viable.

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A method to selectively extract lithium hydroxide (LiOH) from lithium-ion battery waste using ammonia (NH3) as a reducing agent. The method involves thermally reducing the battery cathode scraps in NH3 gas to convert lithium oxide (Li2O) into lithium hydroxide (LiOH) in situ. The lithium is then selectively extracted using water leaching since the reduced transition metals remain undissolved. Purification steps like filtration, CaO reaction, ion exchange, evaporation, and crystallization can further improve LiOH yield and quality.

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Recovering valuable metals like lithium, iron, aluminum, and silicon from waste lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery positive electrodes using a single-step high-temperature chlorination process. The process involves roasting the electrode material in a chlorine atmosphere at high temperature to form metal chlorides that can be directly distilled and condensed for recovery. This avoids the need for multiple leaching and extraction steps using large amounts of acids and bases. The high-temperature chlorination process allows direct distillation and condensation of the metal chlorides for recovery.

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Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries to extract metals like lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, and aluminum using a leaching solvent and microwave heating. The process involves contacting the leaching solvent with a portion of the battery to form a dispersion. The dispersion is heated with microwaves to 50-90°C for 10-5 minutes. The dispersion is filtered and the pH raised to precipitate the metal salts. This allows efficient, low-energy extraction compared to pyrometallurgy.

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Selective extraction of lithium, calcium, and magnesium using ultrasonic leaching. The process involves grinding the ore or waste to fine particles, adding an acidic solvent, and applying ultrasonic energy to the mixture in a leaching tank. The ultrasound selectively liberates the target metals from the ore/waste particles, allowing their extraction into solution while leaving behind the other components. The tank can have a stirrer and ultrasonic probe or plate to provide the sonic energy. This enables efficient, selective extraction of lithium, magnesium, and calcium from ores and waste materials without intensive grinding and leaching.

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Recycling the positive electrode materials of spent Li-ion batteries is critical for environmental sustainability and resource security. To facilitate attainment goal, this study presents a novel approach recovering valuable metals from lithium-ion (LIBs) in an H-shaped cell containing aqueous NaCl electrolyte. The process employs hydrochloric acid that could be derived chlorine cycle as leaching agent. electrolytic device engineered to generate high pH gradient, thereby enhancing metal elements eliminating requirement external or base addition. This green recycling adheres principles circular economy provides environmentally friendly solution sustainable battery material recycling.

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Cathode active material is the most valuable component of spent lithiumion batteries (LIBs), accounting for approximately 30% their overall value. Direct recycling cathode materials involves recovering, regenerating, and reusing them without breaking down chemical structure. This approach maximizes added value compound reduces manufacturing costs by avoiding need virgin production. However, one key challenge in scaling direct from lab to industry requirement highly purified materials, contrasting with low purity black mass generated battery shredding. No efficient separation process currently exists isolate different lithiumnickelmanganesecobalt oxides (NMCs) each other. Thus, technologies that can operate mixtures multiple NMC stoichiometries will be bestsuited industrial adoption. study explores into 622 using a "reciprocal ternary molten salts (RTMS)" system. Ionothermal relithiation upcycling within RTMS system successfully restore layered structure, lithium content, electrochemical performance degraded NMCs, yielding results comparable pristine (PNMC 622).

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A closed loop process for selective recovery of lithium from recycled lithium-ion battery cathode materials. The process involves leaching lithium using concentrated formic acid, distilling to separate lithium formate and trace impurities, sintering to convert lithium formate to lithium carbonate, washing to dissolve lithium carbonate and leave impurity carbonates, and precipitating lithium carbonate in acetone. This allows >99% lithium recovery with >99% purity from recycled batteries. The formic acid can be reused and impurities like transition metal carbonates remain in the solid residue.

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Targeted recycling of waste lithium batteries using pyrolysis and CO gas to separate valuable metals like aluminum, cobalt and lithium. The method involves pyrolyzing the battery cathode strips in a CO atmosphere to agglomerate cobalt nanoparticles into larger millimeter-sized particles against the CO concentration gradient. This prevents alloying with aluminum and allows separation by magnetic separation. The aluminum foil collector from the original battery acts as a reducing agent for the aluminothermic reaction. The CO gas complexes nascent cobalt monomers but doesn't reduce metals like cobalt. The aluminum robs oxygen from metal oxides preferentially due to its lower oxygen partial pressure demand compared to CO.

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The neutral organophosphate ester extraction system, particularly tri - butyl phosphate (TBP), has demonstrated remarkable efficiency in lithium recovery from high magnesium solutions. However, the underlying mechanism governing separation process remains incompletely understood. To elucidate this, hydration of ions and water transfer equilibrium are considered pivotal factors. Given scarcity comprehensive theoretical studies on between solution, this investigation employed a novel approach. Structural optimizations clusters , were conducted at wB97X D4/def2 TZVPPD level, followed by analyses formation electron energy changes Gibbs free variations. results indicated that ion interaction within first sphere is significantly stronger than second sphere. According to analysis, stable states solutions proposed be . hypothesis as state provides plausible explanation for selective Li+ Mg2+ TBP system method not only enhance our understanding via solvent but also offer innovative perspectives elucidating various metal mechanisms salting out effect related processes.

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With the accelerated depletion of non-renewable resources and increased demand for lithium batteries, green recycling has become a key issue nowadays. In this study, effects mass ratio potassium persulfate to active material battery cathode material, roasting temperature, time, liquid-solid leaching time on rate lithium, cobalt, nickel manganese were investigated. For lithium-cobalt oxide materials, optimal conditions KSO LiCoO 2:3, temperature 700 C 60 min, 98.51% selective 99.86%. ternary NCM523, 1:2 ratio, reached 98.97%. The method positive corporate environmental impact by reducing need hazardous chemicals, lowering waste operating costs, avoiding harmful emissions. It is scalable cost-effective meets needs industry environmentally friendly resource recovery. K2S2Oroasting-water process proposed in study effectively overcomes problems acid pollution traditional recovery process, provides sustainable solution efficient batteries future.

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This study explores the use of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed choline chloride and pyrogallol (1:1 molar ratio) for recovery lithium, cobalt, nickel from spent lithium-ion battery cathodes based on LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2 (NMC111). The DES exhibits moderate viscosity, intrinsic redox activity, strong complexation ability, enabling efficient metal dissolution under mild conditions. effects both temperature (5080 C) time (up to 12 h) leaching efficiency were systematically investigated. Optimal parameters80 C, 8 h, liquid-to-solid ratio 50yielded extraction efficiencies 92% Li, 85% Co, 88% Ni. Kinetic modeling indicated pseudo-first-order behavior with activation energies 26.6, 22.1, 25.2 kJ/mol Ni, respectively. Mechanistic analysis confirmed dual role as reducing agent (facilitating Co3+ Co2+ conversion) chelating ligand.

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Recovering lithium from lithium-ion battery scrap using a three-step process involving carbon dioxide water leaching, ion exchange resin purification, and thermal decomposition to produce high-purity lithium carbonate. The process involves roasting the battery scrap powder, grinding, carbon dioxide leaching to form lithium bicarbonate, ion exchange resin purification to remove impurities, and thermal decomposition to convert the lithium bicarbonate into lithium carbonate. This allows selective removal of impurities without additional chemicals and produces lithium carbonate with lower sodium and sulfur compared to conventional methods.

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