Lithium Extraction Techniques for EV Battery Recycling

Recycling lithium from lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, which are a type of lithium-ion battery. The recycling process involves extracting lithium from black mass material derived from LFP batteries. The method includes adjusting pH and iron concentration of the black mass slurry, separating out ferrous phosphate, processing the resulting solutions to concentrate lithium sulfate, and precipitating lithium compounds for recovery.

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An efficient green method for extracting lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries to solve the resource scarcity challenge. The method uses the lithium plating phenomenon that occurs during fast charging of end-of-life batteries to concentrate lithium at the anode/separator interface. This concentrated lithium is then recovered using water as the extraction solvent. The recovery process involves electrochemically charging the spent battery at high rates to induce lithium plating, which deposits metallic lithium at the anode. Extracting the concentrated lithium from the plated film and SEI layer using water only, no acids or bases, achieves over 90% lithium recovery compared to conventional recycling methods.

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Closed-loop recycling process for lithium from lithium-ion battery cathode materials that selectively extracts lithium from a recycling stream containing lithium and transition metals. The process involves leaching the lithium with an organic acid that dissolves lithium but not the transition metals. The leach solution is then distilled to separate the dissolved lithium. The distilled lithium solution is sintered to form lithium carbonate powder that can be washed and filtered to obtain highly pure lithium carbonate. This closed-loop process provides efficient and selective recovery of lithium from battery recycling waste.

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Recovering lithium from waste lithium-ion batteries using an aqueous process. The process involves immersing the battery active material in water and bubbling carbon dioxide. This leaches lithium from the material as soluble lithium compounds into the water. The pH is controlled to suppress aluminum leaching. The solution is then crystallized to recover lithium carbonate.

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Extracting lithium from black mass (BM) leftover from lithium-ion batteries using a simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly process. The process involves comminuting BM in water, then mixing it with supercritical carbon dioxide and extracting lithium carbonate/bicarbonate using a fluidized bed reactor at high temperature and pressure. The BM is separated, leaving behind lithium-leached BM and a leachate containing lithium carbonate/bicarbonate. This extracts lithium without pre-treatment, has lower energy, chemical usage, and waste compared to traditional methods.

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Comprehensive recycling method for extracting valuable elements from lepidolite lithium slag left over from lithium mining. The method involves leaching the slag with an alkali, acidifying the leachate, concentrating it, removing impurities, and finally precipitating lithium. This allows recovery of lithium, aluminum, and potassium from the slag. The steps include alkali leaching, acid precipitation, concentration, alkali removal, and lithium precipitation.

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Lithium metal phosphate manufacturing system and method that synergize lithium metal phosphate production, lithium extraction, and lithium ion battery recycling. The system involves extracting lithium from battery black mass using acid leaching, precipitating lithium phosphate from the leach solution, and mixing it with metal phosphates to form lithium metal phosphate precursor. This is then milled, calcined, and roasted to produce lithium metal phosphate cathode material for batteries. The process reduces waste, cost, and energy compared to separate production routes.

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Recycling lithium from high nickel lithium-ion batteries like those used in electric vehicles, by selectively extracting lithium while leaving behind impurities like nickel, cobalt, and manganese. The recycling involves mixing the spent battery black mass with a dilute sulfuric acid solution in a molar ratio based on the lithium content. The mixture is heated and stirred to leach lithium. Impurities are removed by filtration and concentration steps to yield a crystalline lithium sulfate product.

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Integrated process for producing lithium metal phosphate cathode material for lithium-ion batteries using lithium extraction from recycled batteries and lithium phosphate synthesis. The process involves leaching lithium from recycled battery black mass to form a lithium solution. This lithium solution is then precipitated with phosphate to make lithium phosphate. The recycled metal phosphate and the lithium phosphate are mixed and processed to form the lithium metal phosphate cathode material. This integrates lithium extraction, phosphate synthesis, and lithium battery recycling into a single process to reduce cost and improve efficiency.

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Adaptive charging and discharging control for lithium secondary batteries with degraded electrodes. The method involves identifying the electrode with greater deterioration between positive and negative electrodes in a partially degraded battery state. It does this by measuring cell parameters like voltage, current, and temperature to determine state of charge. Then it applies a pulse current and analyzes the voltage response to calculate resistance ratios for ion diffusion and electrochemical reactions. Comparing these ratios to thresholds allows determining which electrode is more degraded. The control algorithm can then adjust charging/discharging parameters for the identified deteriorated electrode.

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Recycling waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials using an auxiliary alkali leaching process to improve lithium extraction efficiency under normal pressure. The process involves leaching lithium from waste cathode materials using an alkali solution assisted by a specific iron source. This iron source, obtained by calcining iron sulfide at certain temperatures and times, enhances the normal pressure alkaline leaching of lithium compared to using alkali alone. The iron source is created by calcining iron sulfide at temperatures between 500-900°C for 10-60 minutes. The iron source helps improve the lithium leaching efficiency at normal pressure.

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Recovering lithium from waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials with high efficiency, high recovery rate, and high purity. The method involves leaching the cathode material with hydrochloric acid and a reducing agent to dissolve the metal ions. Then, selective precipitation removes impurity metals like nickel, cobalt, iron, aluminum, etc., leaving behind a concentrated lithium solution. Further concentration using hydrochloric acid and sodium precipitation with alcohol achieves high lithium carbonate precipitation for recovery. The stepwise impurity separation and concentration maximizes lithium recovery compared to direct precipitation.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium batteries with additives that improve output characteristics, high-temperature storage, and reduce gas generation and thickness increase. The electrolyte contains a lithium salt, organic solvent, and two additives: a first additive with one double bond and a specific structure, and a second additive with 3-5 atoms, electronegativity 3+, double bonds, and a specific group. The additives enable lower discharge resistance, improved recovery capacity at high temps, and better lifespan retention.

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A method to recover lithium from waste cathode material of lithium iron phosphate batteries with higher lithium yield compared to existing methods. The method involves selectively dissolving lithium from the waste powder, precipitating and separating lithium from the solution, and then treating the tail liquid to recover more lithium. The selective dissolution is done by jointly impregnating the waste powder with an acid and oxidant, then separating the dissolved lithium-rich solution. The lithium is precipitated and separated from this solution by concentrating and adding carbonate or phosphate. The tail liquid is then treated to further recover lithium.

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A method for preferentially extracting lithium from waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials using roasting, water leaching, and carbonation leaching. The method involves mixing the battery cathode waste with plant waste residue, roasting at 550-600°C, water leaching, and carbonation leaching. The roasting step extracts lithium using reducing gases from the plant waste residue. The water leaching step extracts lithium from the roasted material. The carbonation leaching step further extracts lithium by bubbling CO into the water. The method uses plant waste residue instead of carbon additives for lithium extraction, reduces impurities, and recycles both battery waste and plant waste.

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Recycling lithium-ion batteries using a three-step process that involves roasting, leaching, and electrochemical purification. The steps are: 1) Roasting the black mass from shredded batteries to reduce it and extract metals. 2) Simultaneous leaching and magnetic separation to extract soluble lithium species and enrich Ni-Co. 3) Electrochemical purification using a flow electrolyzer to separate lithium ions from other ions and produce pure lithium hydroxide. This allows efficient and scalable recovery of high-value lithium from end-of-life batteries.

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A full-process recycling method for waste lithium-ion batteries with high economic benefits and simple processing flow. The method involves refined dismantling of used batteries to separate positive and negative electrode sheets. The positive electrode sheets are further processed to separate the current collector and positive electrode powder. The separated positive electrode powder is sulfation roasted to form a sintered material. This sintered material is then leached to extract lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, copper, and aluminum. The lithium can be selectively extracted by roasting-water leaching to get a high-lithium solution. The high-lithium solution is further concentrated and precipitated to obtain battery grade lithium carbonate. This selective lithium extraction reduces impurities and losses compared to conventional processes.

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Method for collecting and dismantling waste lithium batteries to efficiently recycle valuable materials while minimizing environmental impact. The process involves: 1. Sorting and separating different types of waste lithium batteries based on shape and chemistry. 2. Crushing the sorted batteries to break apart the cells. 3. Refining and purifying the recovered lithium salt or metallic lithium to meet industry needs. This allows separate processing of each battery type and extracting lithium without fluorine contamination. It reduces equipment corrosion and cost compared to processing whole batteries.

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A method for extracting lithium from lithium ores like spodumene, lepidolite, and lithium porcelain stone. The method involves mixing the lithium ores with saltpeter, ball milling, roasting, acid leaching, and filtering to obtain a lithium-containing solution and silicon-rich slag. The lithium-containing solution is mixed with carbonate to precipitate lithium compounds. The addition of saltpeter improves the lithium activity in the ores, reconstructs the lithium-bound phase into a lithium nitrate form, and facilitates acid leaching. This yields higher lithium extraction and slag with higher silicon grade.

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A method for recycling lithium from waste lithium-ion batteries and regenerating it to prepare a ternary precursor. The method involves crushing the waste batteries, in-situ roasting the negative electrode material, ultrasonically assisted water leaching the roasted product, and recovering lithium carbonate. This avoids sorting, deep leaching, and impurity removal steps. The lithium-containing filtrate is concentrated and crystallized to obtain lithium carbonate with high purity. The water leaching residue is further processed to extract nickel, cobalt, and erythium from it.

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