Hard Carbon Anodes Enhancing Electric Vehicle Batteries

Carbon-coated hardly graphitizable carbon for high performance lithium-ion batteries. The carbon coating layer has an average thickness of 4-30 nm and improves battery performance compared to uncoated graphite or thicker carbon coatings. The coating thickness provides both high discharge capacity and initial efficiency. The coating promotes electrolyte stability, prevents particle deactivation, and enhances conductivity. The coated carbon has specific structural features like high sp2 carbon orientation and spacing.

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Non-graphitizable carbonaceous material for fully charged lithium-ion batteries with high charge/discharge efficiency and capacity. The material has an oxygen content of 0.25% mass or less. It enables high charge/discharge performance and capacity in lithium-ion batteries that are fully charged compared to traditional graphitizable carbon anodes. The low oxygen content prevents overcharging issues. The material is made by acid treating a plant-derived carbon precursor followed by firing in an inert gas at 1100-1400°C.

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Electrochemical device with improved energy density and reduced lithium precipitation in lithium-ion batteries using a specific range of ratios for hard carbon content and capacity balance. The hard carbon used as the negative electrode active material has a molar H/C ratio of 0.05-0.18. The capacity balance between negative and positive electrodes is 0.95-1.05. This range of ratios improves ion transmission speed, energy density, and prevents lithium segregation.

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Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery with improved cycle life and energy density by using non-graphitizable carbon in the negative electrode. The carbon expands and contracts less during charging/discharging compared to graphite, preventing electrode structure deterioration. However, keeping the capacity ratio of non-graphitizable carbon to negative electrode capacity between 5-65% balances benefits like lower resistance and overvoltage against issues like increased initial resistance and lower energy density from high carbon levels.

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A negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries that has low average potential for lithium removal, improving battery energy density. The material is a hard carbon with a specific microporous structure. The carbon has a delithiation potential between 0.15-0.40 V vs Li/Li+ when used with a metallic lithium counter electrode. The micropores allow lithium intercalation during charging, providing reversible capacity. The optimized pore structure enables high capacity, low voltage, and good lithium ion diffusion. This carbon material is used as the negative electrode active material in lithium-ion batteries to provide higher energy density compared to conventional graphite electrodes.

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Hard carbon negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved first coulombic efficiency, capacity, and cycle life. The hard carbon precursor is coated with a lithium-containing substance and asphalt before carbonization. This reduces surface area, side reactions, and first irreversible capacity loss. The lithium substance provides lithium for SEI formation during battery preparation, preventing consumption of lithium from electrolyte/positive. The asphalt reduces surface area further. This results in higher first coulombic efficiency, capacity, and cycle life compared to uncoated hard carbon.

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Anode structure for lithium-ion batteries that improves cycle life and initial efficiency. The anode has an inner core of hard carbon surrounded by a graphite outer layer. This configuration prevents localized carbon degradation in the core during cycling, which improves cycle life. The graphite outer layer provides initial efficiency. The hard carbon center reduces central carbon loss during cycling compared to using graphite alone.

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Power storage element like lithium-ion batteries that have a high capacity retention after cycling when using non-graphitizable carbon in the negative electrode. The key is to balance the density of the non-graphitizable carbon in the negative electrode and the pore ratio of the separator. The true density of the non-graphitizable carbon should be between 0.56 and 0.83 g/cm3, and the separator pore ratio should be 50% or more. This prevents lithium plating and improves capacity retention when using non-graphitizable carbon with deep charge depth.

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Lithium ion battery negative electrode material with high fast charging performance, high energy density, good low-temperature retention rate, and long cycle life. The material has a unique core-shell structure with a continuous cavity layer between the inner hard carbon and outer soft carbon coatings. The thin cavity layer allows efficient lithium ion transfer between the coatings. Coating order and carbonization conditions are optimized to achieve this structure.

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Preparation method for high-performance negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved energy density, fast charging, and high temperature performance. The method involves mixing coke, hard carbon, and a carbonaceous binder like pitch, tar, polypropylene, polyethylene, or acrylic acid to form a slurry. This slurry is coated onto a current collector to make the negative electrode sheet. The sheet is then dried to create the negative electrode for the battery.

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High-power lithium-ion battery with a low-cost negative electrode made of non-graphitized carbon materials like petroleum coke, carbon fiber, or microspheres. The non-graphitized carbon negative electrode active material provides improved charge-discharge efficiency, rate capability, and cycle life compared to graphitized carbon. This reduces battery cost without sacrificing performance. The battery also has a unique design with a flexible shell, separate positive and negative electrode lugs, and internal components arranged in the shell for high power density.

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High-performance carbon materials for lithium-ion batteries with improved energy density, cycle life, and power characteristics compared to conventional graphite anodes. The carbon materials are derived from organic precursors containing efficiency enhancers like phosphorus. The carbonization process is optimized to produce hard carbon with specific properties like low surface area, high porosity, and unique pore size distributions. This leads to enhanced lithium storage performance when used as battery anodes. The carbon materials have features like high reversible capacity, high first cycle efficiency, and high power density for lithium-ion batteries.

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Compound negative electrode material for lithium-ion capacitors that improves performance compared to traditional carbon anodes. The compound negative electrode material is made by melting mixing of soft carbon and hard carbon precursors. The soft carbon is graphitizable and converts to graphite structure at high temperatures, while the hard carbon cannot graphitize. The uniform mixing of soft and hard carbon in the final anode material provides better ion intercalation/deintercalation capability and capacity compared to just using soft or hard carbon. The compound anode improves lithium ion storage properties like charge-discharge efficiency and reduces risks like voltage delay and lithium trapping.

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Carbon-based composite negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries that has higher density and performance compared to conventional graphite electrodes. The composite material is made by mixing graphite and hard carbon in optimized ratios. This improves density, specific energy, and cycle life compared to using only graphite. The hard carbon increases density while the graphite provides good electrical properties. The composite can be prepared by mixing the graphite and hard carbon powders and compacting them.

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Composition for negative electrode of Li-ion batteries that improves cycling performance, durability, and safety while maintaining power density compared to conventional graphite electrodes. The composition contains a high springback surface-modified carbonaceous material and a lower springback carbonaceous material. The high springback material promotes electrode density and capacity, while the lower springback material enhances conductivity without hindering electrolyte penetration. This combination provides better electrode properties for Li-ion battery applications like electric vehicles and energy storage.

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A non-graphitizable carbon material for high capacity, high efficiency lithium-ion batteries that can be fully charged without overcharging issues. The material has specific NMR and expansion properties when fully charged. It is derived from plant sources and undergoes acid treatment and high-temperature firing to remove impurities. This results in a carbon material with improved charge/discharge efficiency and capacity compared to graphitizable carbon. It can be used as the negative electrode in lithium-ion batteries that are fully charged. The fully charged battery has higher charge capacity and efficiency due to the unique carbon material.

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Hard carbon material for lithium-ion batteries with improved cycling performance and rate capability compared to graphite anodes. The hard carbon has a coating on its surface that enhances its electrochemical properties. The coating is formed by pyrolysis of organic precursors like epoxy resins, phenolic resins, cellulose, or pitches. The coating chemically bonds or adsorbs to the carbon surface. This coating reduces electrolyte absorption, improves cycling stability, and enables high rate charging. The coating apertures are 1-55 nm in size. The hard carbon itself has a honeycomb-like microstructure with 2-60 μm granules. The coating reduces electrolyte absorption and improves cycling stability, while the honeycomb structure reduces lithium ion path length and improves rate capability.

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Carbon composite material for lithium ion capacitors that provides high capacity, output, and cycle life compared to traditional graphite anodes. The composite anode is made by combining two or more precursor materials like hard carbon and soft carbon, then heat treating to form a carbon composite. The composite anode can replace graphite and hard carbon anodes in lithium ion capacitors to improve performance.

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Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with improved cycle life and charge retention compared to conventional carbon-based batteries. The negative electrode uses a mixture of graphitizable carbon, non-graphitizable carbon, and graphite, where the non-graphitizable carbon is attached to the surface of the graphitizable carbon particles. This composite structure combines the benefits of each carbon type - high lithium intercalation capacity and cycle life of non-graphitizable carbon, and high charge retention of graphitizable carbon - to overcome the limitations of using each individually.

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High power lithium-ion battery with improved performance for applications like electric vehicles that require high currents. The battery uses amorphous carbon as the anode material. The amorphous carbon has a specific surface area of 0.5-5 m2/g. The carbon particles have a stack thickness of 1.2-4.8 nm. This specific carbon structure enables faster lithium ion transmission and reduces side reactions. The carbon composition is 85-95% carbon, 10-2% conductive carbon, and 5-3% binding agent.

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