Heat Sinks for EV Battery Cooling

Battery module design that simplifies cooling structure, improves cooling performance and increases space utilization compared to conventional battery modules. The module has a battery cell stack, housing, and integrated heat sink at the bottom. The heat sink has an upper plate that is also the housing bottom, with a refrigerant flow path between the plates made of different metals. This simplified integrated heat sink reduces thermal resistance and air gaps compared to separate housing, heat transfer member, and heat sink components. The refrigerant circulates between the plates to extract heat from the cells and dissipate it to the exterior.

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Battery module with improved cooling performance for high capacity battery packs. The module has a simplified cooling structure by integrating the module frame and a heat sink. This reduces the number of thermal interfaces and air gaps compared to separate components. The integrated heat sink forms a cooling flow passage between the upper plate and upper cover of the frame. The module also uses a thermally conductive resin layer between the cells and lower frame part for additional cooling. This simplified, integrated cooling path improves heat transfer and reduces thermal resistance compared to separate components.

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Battery assembly for electric vehicles that provides improved thermal management of pouch cells to prevent overheating and degradation. The assembly uses cooling plates with contact areas to thermally bond to the flexible pouch cell surfaces. This allows expansion/contraction while maintaining thermal contact. Securement bars hold the plates to a heat exchange panel. This enables the cells to move without breaking the thermal connection, preventing cell swelling/popping issues. The plates also have exchange areas to contact the heat exchanger.

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Battery pack design for electric vehicles with improved thermal management and safety. The pack uses a double-layer configuration with two battery modules stacked together. Cooling plates are attached to the top of each module. This allows effective liquid cooling of both modules during operation. The pack also has relief cavities connected to explosion valves and pressure relief channels to prevent gas leakage if cells overheat. The relief cavities isolate pressure buildup to avoid affecting other components.

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Fractal heat sink design that increases heat dissipation compared to conventional heat sinks. The fractal geometry of the heat sink surface provides a chaotically distributed surface area that disrupts the stagnant boundary layer of fluid flow. This chaotic surface increases the effective surface area available for heat transfer, while avoiding acoustic resonance. The fractal geometry also allows for variation in flow rate and direction over different scales. The fractal heat sink design improves heat dissipation efficiency by increasing the surface area available for convective and radiative heat transfer.

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Battery module with improved cooling and structural stability for large-area modules used in high-power applications like electric vehicles. The module has a heat sink integrated below the housing. Cooling ports connect the heat sink to the housing. The end plate has protrusions that match the lead protrusions from the cells. This allows direct cooling of the cells without vulnerable connections. The integrated design provides better cooling and prevents deformation.

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Heat dissipation module for power conversion devices like battery packs that improves cooling efficiency by preventing heat buildup inside the enclosure. The module has a heat transfer path between the power electronics and a separate heat sink. This path has multiple sub-paths that connect the electronics and heat sink, with spaced apart paths between them. This allows better convection cooling by breaking up the heat source into smaller regions rather than having a solid block of heat between the components and heat sink. The heat sink also has holes aligned with the sub-paths to further enhance convection.

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Electric vehicles (EV) are advancing rapidly, with increasing demand for enhanced technological support. One of the key challenges EVs is ensuring adequate power storage, a critical parameter being battery pack's ability to support high discharge rate. Achieving rate requires proper cell design and efficient heat management within pack. During discharge, generation becomes significant, necessitating an effective cooling system. Battery Thermal Management Systems (BTMS) employed regulate temperatures, optimal performance. Among various methods, liquid-based BTMS demonstrates superior performance compared phase-change materials (PCM) air cooling. However, weight liquid coolers, due volume coolant required, can add substantial battery, impacting overall vehicle efficiency. This paper investigates potential use mini channels integrated into plates applications. The study utilizes finite element method (FEM) simulate fluid flow processes in systems operating at C-rates. findings show that this novel effectively maintains temperatures below 40C, offering promising solution current limita... Read More

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Efficient thermal management of lithium-ion batteries is crucial for electric vehicle safety and performance. This study investigates immersion cooling in serpentine channels 18650 batteries, aiming to identify key factors affecting maximum battery temperature (Tmax) pump power (Pw). A Box-Behnken experimental design implemented with Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations analyze responses Tmax Pw. Five variables are defined: partition length (Lp), charging/discharging rate (Crate), coolant volumetric flow (V), inlet (Tin) ambient (Tamb). Statistical significance evaluated via Analysis Variance. The results show that: Tin dominated Tmax, followed by Crate, V, Lp. Significant interactions (VTin VTamb) observed. For Pw, V V extreme significance, while Lp effects were minor. Interaction LpV was significant but secondary. After optimization minimize Tave the optimal values Lp, Tin, Tamb determined be 89.5 mm, 1.08 C, 0.51 LPM, 20 C, 25.62C respectively. corresponding optimized are: = 22.87C, 21.67C, Pw 0.279 mW. Optimal requires prioritizing control suppression regulati... Read More

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Battery assembly with integrated cooling system to mitigate thermal runaway propagation and improve safety. The assembly has expandable insertion members between cells that absorb heat when filled with fluid. Temperature and gas sensors monitor cells. If temps exceed threshold or gas detected, a pump moves fluid into the insertion members to cool adjacent cells. This prevents thermal runaway spread. The insertion members also have insulation layers to minimize heat transfer between cells.

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This study presents an experimental investigation of a novel hybrid battery thermal management system (BTMS) that integrates solenoid-actuated Peltier-based heat sink with CuO/ethylene glycol (EG) nanofluid coolant loop. The delivers on-demand cooling through time-controlled thermoelectric operation, enhancing temperature regulation during surges. Experiments were conducted CuO nanoparticle concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2.0% (vol.) and flow rates 1 5 LPM, at inlet 50C ambient 26C. Performance metrics such as drop, transfer rate, overall coefficient analyzed. Results showed maximum enhancement 40.63% (tube-side) 38.64% (air-side) CuO. Compared conventional liquid system, the setup demonstrated 7.01% higher rate improved variation control (up 28.53%). Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis demonstrates 25%30% reduction in long-term costs 36% life extension, supporting systems economic viability. scalable, energy-efficient BTMS offers promising solution for advanced electric vehicles requiring high-precision control.

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Battery module with improved cooling performance for applications like electric vehicles. The module has a heat sink integrated into the lower frame to directly cool the battery cells. The heat sink has a flow path for refrigerant. The flow path has longer parallel paths between the cells versus perpendicular paths. This configuration allows direct cooling of the cells with better cooling efficiency compared to indirect cooling through a separate heat sink. The integrated heat sink also improves space utilization compared to a separate heat sink.

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A good thermal management system for batteries is the key to solving potential risks such as runaway of and ensuring that work within appropriate temperature range. To resolve conflict between cooling efficiency input power in existing battery systems based on thermoelectric cooling, this paper proposes an optimization method layout devices. Using a multi-physics coupling numerical model, study focuses analyzing impact quantity devices current temperature. The optimal arrangement structure response characteristics are investigated from four aspects: maximum temperature, difference, difference uniformity, coefficient. research results show optimized capable reducing both pack, reduces consumption by 19.8%, effectively enhancing energy system.

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The study presents a thorough theoretical analysis of the thermal distribution in electric vehicle battery packs under different heating loads. A finite-element heat transfer model is developed COMSOL to simulate pack with 15 cylindrical lithium-ion cells integrated liquid-cooled support plates. C-rates, which define generation during charge-discharge cycle, are included model-in real case scenarios wherein 10 Ah generates outputs about 10.5 W, 25 and 54 W at 3C, 5C, 8C charge rates, respectively. Transient simulations display how temperature profiles evolve time reach quasi-steady states by input counterbalanced dissipation through convection. It also examines air convection performance as technique for cooling, revealing that while it cheaper simpler implement, less effective than liquid cooling. Other alternatives this regard, such use graphite foam, have been investigated concerning their ability achieve higher coefficients, thus enhancing load management greater rates charge. results illuminate importance optimized systems avert runaway EV ensure safety, efficiency, longevity. w... Read More

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Research and development in batteries has resulted a boom the production of electric vehicles. Considered environmentally friendly, these vehicles are on rise due to developments battery chemistry. But clear problem is associated with batteries: temperature. These tend get hot as more current gets extracted from them. Ongoing research made it possible decrease temperature using various methods. so many methods available only one/two select, becomes difficult choose one. Using strong method can take energy while docile one will not do its job properly. Our project based selecting for an vehicle, designing pack, calculating heat load suitable cooling validating through finite element analysis. This help understand how selected.

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Battery module design for electric vehicles that improves cooling and stability of the battery cells. The module has upper and lower frames around the battery cells, with heat transfer members that connect to cooling channels. The frames support the cells to prevent expansion damage. The upper and lower frames have bending parts that join the side panels. The lower frame also has a flange around the cover plates. This provides a sealed, rigid structure with cooled upper and lower cell areas. The frames and heat transfer members enhance cooling by direct contact with the channels. It improves stability by supporting cell expansion and prevents internal fires spreading between modules.

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Microchannel heat sinks are widely used in thermal management systems due to their compact design and efficient transfer. To further enhance performance, this study uses numerical simulations explore the transfer characteristics of rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, circular microchannels while maintaining equal cross-sectional areas. At Re = 900, triangular microchannel demonstrates optimal performance (HTP) but weakest hydraulic with a 5.56% reduction resistance 54.45% increase pumping power compared rectangular microchannel. The exhibits worst HTP best 12.78% 32.04% power. trapezoidal similar those one. This paper provides theoretical basis for optimizing sink designs by evaluating different shapes. findings offer insights into trade-offs between efficiency helping guide future improvements applications.

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Battery pack design for electric vehicles that simplifies assembly, reduces costs, improves space utilization, and enables higher energy density compared to conventional packs. The pack has integrated mechanical and electrical fixing for the battery modules. The pack case has a tray to support the modules and a cover that attaches to the tray. The cover has electrical connections built into it that connect to the module terminals. This eliminates separate bolting and wiring steps for the modules inside the pack. The cover also has an integrated heatsink. This reduces parts count, simplifies assembly, improves space utilization, and allows higher module packing density compared to separate heatsinks and wiring.

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Battery pack with improved cooling and safety by integrating the refrigerant piping and fastening into the pack frame, preventing refrigerant leakage and minimizing damage if leakage occurs. The pack has multiple battery modules stacked in a frame with a heat sink below. The pack frame encloses the modules and has a central refrigerant pipe. A dedicated bolt connects the module frame, heat sink, and pack frame. This bolt contains a secondary connection pipe that links the pack's refrigerant pipe to the heat sink. This integrated cooling and fastening design prevents refrigerant leaks from spreading if they occur.

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Battery array design for electric vehicle packs that integrates roll-bonded cold plates into the battery array itself rather than using separate external cold plates. The roll-bonded cold plates are formed by joining two metal sheets along a bonded seam. This allows the cold plates to be integrated into the battery array support structure to directly manage the thermal performance of the battery cells. It reduces cost and complexity compared to separate cold plates. The roll-bonded plates can form one or more sides of the array structure.

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Heat management for electric vehicle batteries that improves cooling without the use of heavy, expensive heat conduction compounds. The solution involves using spring-loaded contact elements between the battery cells and a heat dissipating element. The springs apply a defined force to maintain contact between the cells and the heat conduction element. This allows direct thermal conduction to transfer heat from the cells to the cooling system without needing a separate compound.

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In this article, a cold plate with elliptical ribs in the flow channel is designed. The influence of shape on maximum temperature and difference battery, as well fluid rate, explored. Additionally, effects varying number ribs, minor axis ellipse, major ellipse battery's temperature, difference, pressure loss plate, rate are analyzed. cooling performance evaluated using heat transfer coefficient. results show that dissipation better when contains under premise acceptable loss, reduced by 11.53%. containing has highest lowest cell temperature. Excessive larger higher mass which causes vortexing at end ribs. parameter greatest effect an increase 64.50%. change only 12.39% changed.

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In response to the global imperative reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel dependency, electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a sustainable transportation alternative, primarily utilizing lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due their high energy density efficiency. However, LIBs are highly sensitive temperature fluctuations, significantly affecting performance, lifespan, safety. One of most critical threats safe operation is thermal runaway (TR), an uncontrollable exothermic process that can lead catastrophic failure under abusive conditions. Moreover, propagation (TRP) rapidly spread failures across battery cells, intensifying safety threats. To address these challenges, developing advanced management systems (BTMS) essential ensure optimal control suppress TR TRP within LIB modules. This review systematically evaluates cooling strategies, including indirect liquid cooling, water mist immersion phase change material (PCM) hybrid based on latest studies published between 2020 2025. The highlights mechanisms, effectiveness, practical considerations for preventing initiation suppre... Read More

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Battery module and pack design with integrated heat sink for better cooling efficiency and uniform cooling of multiple modules. The battery module has a housing that encloses the stacked battery cells and also integrates a heat sink with cooling passages. This allows direct contact between the cells and heat sink for enhanced cooling. In a pack with multiple modules, the integrated heat sink provides uniform cooling compared to separate heat sinks. The pack also has interconnect bus bars between adjacent modules to simplify wiring.

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A battery module frame for compactly packaging multiple cylindrical battery cells with improved thermal management and simplified cell retention compared to prior art. The frame has a central cooling plate with manifolds and channels to circulate cooling fluid. Exterior plates extend perpendicularly from the manifolds. The channels between the plates have thermally conductive layers to transfer heat between the plates and the cells. This allows efficient cooling and retention without complex mechanisms or fasteners.

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With the rapid development of battery energy storage technology, issue thermal runaway (TR) in lithium-ion batteries has become a key challenge restricting their safe application. This study presents an innovative protection strategy that integrates liquid cooling with sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT)-based composite phase change materials (CPCM) to mitigate TR and its propagation prismatic modules. Through numerical simulation, this systematically investigates mechanism optimization pathways for The results indicate pure SAT exhibits poor latent heat performance due low conductivity. In contrast, incorporation expanded graphite (EG) significantly enhances conductivity improves overall performance. Compared traditional paraffin-expanded (PA-EG), SAT-EG, 4.8 times higher than PA-EG, demonstrates more six effectiveness delaying (TRP). When combined cooling, effect is further enhanced, will not be triggered when initial abnormal generation rate relatively low. Even if experiences TR, prevented thickness SAT-EG exceeds 12 mm. Ambient temperature influences both peak timing occurrence modu... Read More

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Energy-dense modular battery pack design with integrated cooling system for electric vehicles. The battery pack has an array of parallel-surfaced battery cells in a non-conductive shell. Thermally conductive material like beads are placed between the cells and top/bottom contacts. Cooling plates with fluid channels compress the beads and surround the cells. The plates have inlets/outlets and channels arranged to distribute heat across the pack. This provides efficient cooling for high-density, compact battery packs that can be customized for various EV applications.

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ABSTRACT Heat generation during fast charging and discharging of lithiumion batteries (LIBs) remains a significant challenge, potentially leading to overheating, reduced performance, or thermal runaway. Traditional battery management systems (BTMS), such as airbased cooling indirect liquid using cold plates, often result in high gradientsboth vertically within cells horizontally across packsespecially under highcurrent discharge rates. To address these issues, this study introduces evaluates steadystate convectionbased esteroil immersion (EOIC) technique for LIBs. Numerical simulations based on the Newman, Tiedemann, Gu Kim model, aligned with multiscale multidimensional principles, were performed both single 18650 cylindrical cell 4S2P pack. Experimental validations conducted 2C 3C rates at 25C ambient temperature. The EOIC system demonstrated temperature reduction up 13C 15C pack compared natural air convection achieved 10C gradient simulation results closely matched experimental data, maximum deviation only 2C, confirming model's reliabi... Read More

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ABSTRACT The efficiency and effectiveness of a battery thermal management system (BTMS) primarily depend on the lesser heat capacity phase change material (PCM). To improve performance BTMS, bare batteries with different extended surfaces (straight arc) are considered to enhance dissipation heat, leading significant enhancement performance. In present study, numerical simulations carried out study impact influence CuO (10%) nano additive dispersion in PCM. Also, analyses by modifying geometries arc fins battery. Results reported that proposed improved life 61%90% compared conventional BTMS systems. Extended boost exchange surface area, batterytoPCM/CuO dissipation, form novel method for conduction during liquid fraction melting. This network expands increasing fin radial distance, enhancing At ambient temperature range 15C45C, PCM/CuO/fin substantially PCMbased 163%, 192%, 212%, respectively. These findings demonstrate possibility straight shapes PCM control. experimental results show how these designs optimize transport, improving control under varied operating si... Read More

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Battery disconnect unit for electric vehicles that allows downsizing while enabling both heat dissipation and insulation. The disconnect unit has a relay, busbar, heatsink, and insulating sheet. The insulating sheet is placed between the coolant plate and the joint section where the relay terminal, busbar, and heatsink are fastened. This allows close proximity of the heatsink to the coolant plate for better cooling without increasing size due to added insulation between them. It also prevents arc-extinguishing sand from fuse leakage contaminating the coolant side.

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Battery module with integrated, in-place formed thermal management to improve cooling without adding weight. The module has a housing with a wall containing apertures. A flowable material is applied through the apertures to contact the battery core inside. It solidifies into an in-place thermal component that conducts heat from the core through the wall to the exterior. This allows the housing material with low thermal conductivity to be used while still effectively cooling the battery.

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Battery pack design for electric vehicles that improves energy density, mechanical rigidity, and space utilization compared to conventional packs. The pack has a unique arrangement of battery modules inside a case. Each module has battery cells arranged in one direction, enclosed in a case with beams between the cells. The modules are fixed to the cover of the pack instead of a separate tray. This eliminates gaps, beams, and covers inside the pack. Cooling is integrated into the module base plate. The pack cover has a water channel to circulate cooling fluid around the modules. This reduces heat transfer path, parts, and space compared to separate heatsinks.

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Battery thermal management systems (BTMS) ensure the safety and performance of lithium-ion batteries, which power electric vehicles. However, designing an effective BTMS is challenging due to batteries' complex behaviour sensitivity temperature variations. This review comprehensively explores current vital technologies trends in BTMS, explicitly focusing on analysing various cooling control strategies. To discuss four primary technologies: air cooling, liquid immersion phase change material (PCM) cooling. The advantages disadvantages each technology are compared terms cost-effectiveness, applicability, limitations when dealing with high-energy-density batteries. Furthermore, delves into discussion strategies data prediction methods for emphasizing importance advanced analysis optimising battery safety. Different strategies, such as passive, active, hybrid control, introduced evaluated. Data methods, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, machine learning, also presented discussed. comprehensive provides in-depth understanding while serving a valuable reference future research appli... Read More

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Electric vehicles (EVs) are pivotal in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving sustainable transportation goals. However, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the primary energy source for EVs, face critical thermal management, safety, long-term efficiency challenges. This study proposes an integrated battery management system that combines a waterethylene glycol-based liquid cooling mechanism with high-conductivity copper tubing to enhance LIB performance, longevity, safety. Through COMSOL multiphysics simulations, this examines behavior under varying operational conditions. The results indicate 20% reduction temperature peaks, maintaining optimal range of 15C 35C, thus mitigating risks runaway. Experimental validation using infrared thermography imaging confirms system's efficiency, showing maximum recorded 43.48C load conditions, significantly lower than unmanaged systems. Beyond work integrates advanced strategies, including state-of-charge estimation, predictive fault diagnostics, active optimization, cell balancing. analysis further reveals proposed improves heat diss... Read More

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Abstract The increasing demand for high-performance electric vehicles underscores the need efficient battery thermal management systems to ensure optimal performance and longevity of lithium-ion batteries. However, existing cooling methods often struggle maintain uniform temperature distributions effective heat dissipation, leading degradation safety concerns. To address these challenges, this study proposes an innovative liquid-cooled, microchannel-based system manage behavior a cylindrical 21700-type pack comprising 10 cells. This work aims rigorously investigate effects varying Reynolds numbers mass flow rates on critical parameters, including temperature, uniformity, convective transfer coefficient, coolant outlet pressure drop. A three-dimensional simulation model was employed analyze hydraulic proposed systems. results demonstrate that number from 400 700 significantly enhances performance, reducing maximum 38.69 C 34.25 decreasing gradient 2.45 1.86 C. improvement increases drop 3410 Pa 3990 Pa, necessitating more powerful pumping Furthermore, investigation reveals microch... Read More

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Battery module design with improved cooling for high-current, high-temperature applications like fast charging. The module has cooling pipes between the battery cell stack and frame on both the top and bottom. This provides additional cooling paths compared to just using the bottom frame. The pipes transfer heat from the cells to the frame, improving cooling and stability.

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Battery module design to prevent chain ignition and early flame extinguishment when a cell vent ruptures due to thermal runaway. The module has a heat sink facing the cell vent openings. When a cell ignites, the vent ruptures and the heat sink water flows into the ignited cell to quench the flames before they spread. The heat sink has a thin film covering the vent area that tears as the vent opens, preventing explosion force buildup and chain ignition.

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This study experimentally analyzes the performance of a passive thermal management system using three-dimensional (3D) pulsating heat pipe (PHP) designed for pouch cell batteries in electric vehicles. The term 3D refers to complex spatial arrangement PHP, which features multiple interconnected loops arranged three dimensions maximize dissipation efficiency and improve temperature uniformity around battery pack. Lithium-ion cells are increasingly favored compact lightweight packs but managing their generation is crucial maintaining preventing failure. research investigates operational parameters 3D PHP by testing two working fluids (R134a Opteon-SF33), filling ratios (30%, 50%, 80%), various condenser conditions (natural forced convection at 5 C, 20 35 C). effectiveness was tested simulated discharge cycles, with power inputs ranging from 200 W. results show that significantly improves management. Additionally, Opteon-SF33, an environmentally friendly refrigerant, offers excellent transfer properties, making this fluid promising cooling solution vehicle batteries.

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ABSTRACT Cooling lithiumion batteries using phase change material and starshaped channel for flowing fluid is presented in this paper. The proposed design tested on six 21700 cylindrical battery cells. cells are placed a case filled with wax as material, where cooled four water channels crosssection. flow assumed to be steady, fully developed, laminar. This study conducted COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 software, assuming lumped analysis the incompressible both water. It was shown from results that temperature lowered by range of 9.43C 11.07C when discharged 15% 4C rate paraffin wax. While 9.13C 10.51C circular channels. When carried out without any cooling method during discharge, 6 reached 39.528C, while 1 39.468C. However, after case, dropped 29.788C, 30.034C, lowest 28.440C 5. temperatures were recorded 30.146C, 30.339C, 28.996C 6, 1, 5, respectively. replaced n Octadecane wax, all approximately 27.4C. showed achieved compared other designs methods. By comparing present published results, it found good agreement previous findings shows notable impro... Read More

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Abstract Batteries employed in electric vehicles are the important components due to their significant high heat capacity and energy density characteristics. However, these batteries experience drastic temperature rise generation, which is basically affected different discharge rates. To reduce this, phase change materials around as they possess latent capacity, compactness light weight nature without necessity of additional power. In present study transfer characteristics battery pack consisting 25 arranged a with paraffin PCM cells. first part work analysis carried out by varying rates evaluate thermal It observed that increase greater quantity accumulated near cells this limited conducting capabilities PCM. avoid fin configurations designed studied melting fraction average distribution within pack. Results reported M3 layout developed most effective reducing interior buildup while maintaining an optimal time. Additional examination at includes influence rest intervals, convection, configurations. The results indicate implementing intervals augmenting convection not only diminish p... Read More

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Cooling apparatus for lithium-ion batteries that allows expansion without degrading heat transfer. The cooling apparatus has a heatsink that contacts the battery on three sides to absorb heat. It also has a clearance portion that allows the battery to expand. Additionally, the heatsink has a metal plate with a spring arm to secure the battery. The clearance prevents pressure buildup and swelling, while the metal plate prevents contact loss during expansion. An elastomer between the heatsink and battery provides thermal conductivity and compression force to maintain contact. This enables efficient cooling and prevents overheating during fast charging and discharging.

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Battery pack design for mobile devices and electric vehicles that enhances heat management through a novel heat transfer system. The pack incorporates a heat sink with strategically positioned windows that match the cell vents, and a leg extending from the heat sink to the bus bar. The heat transfer material is integrated into the bus bar's design, covering both protrusions and concave sections. This multi-directional heat transfer system optimizes heat dissipation from both the bus bar and cell compartments, significantly reducing thermal stress and improving overall pack performance.

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Abstract Immersion cooling technology holds significant potential for Lithium-ion battery thermal management. This paper proposes a counterflow based management system (BTMS) under fast charging conditions, using high-thermal-conductivity silicone oil-based nanofluid as the coolant. Experimental equipment has been used to extract battery-related parameters, along with experimental test bed validation of immersion modeling. The performance CuO nanofluid, at 5% volume fraction, was found reduce maximum temperature by 1.09 C and 32.59% in difference compared base fluid. impact various parameters on analyzed, revealing that increasing fraction can both difference. Furthermore, comparison between direct flow design revealed configuration, optimal separators location from top box, middle returning while upper lower parts directly entering flow, outperformed design, achieving 1.22 reduction highest average 2.79 temperature. Therefore, this innovative structure significantly enhance uniformity efficiency battery.

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Battery pack cooling design to improve thermal management and efficiency of battery cells. It uses a thermal component with channels to capture and move heat away from the cells. The component extends between rows of cells in the pack. Coolant flows through the channels to absorb cell heat and transfer it away. This reduces overall pack temperature, gradient across cells, and improves pack cooling.

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Battery module with improved flame propagation suppression and heat dissipation. The module has a container with a plate-shaped member inside that partitions the cell compartments. The plate has a thermally conductive elastic body and plates on either side. This allows the cells to deform against the elastic body during cycling. The elastic body contacts the cells to dissipate heat. The thermally conductive plates connect the elastic body to the container, allowing heat transfer. This prevents gaps and provides continuous heat pathway for suppression and dissipation.

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Battery system with enhanced thermal management and suppression of thermal runaway propagation between cells. The system uses two coolers, one with a fluid having higher thermal conductivity and one with a fluid having lower thermal conductivity. The lower conductivity fluid flow rate is increased when cell temperature exceeds a threshold to expand the outer case of the lower fluid cooler and physically isolate adjacent cells. This prevents thermal chain propagation by insulating the expanded case from nearby cells.

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Abstract This paper proposes a gravity heat pipe-air hybrid temperature control system to address the inadequate dissipation in power batteries under high-rate discharge conditions when using single cooling methods. The systems performance was evaluated for series-arranged battery packs at rates above 5C. Results show that effectively meets thermal management requirements 3-cell 5C, but as number of cells increases seven, degrades, with uniformity exceeding 5 C threshold, leading failure. To resolve this, C-shaped configuration adopted improved pack arrangement. Further analysis demonstrates optimized manages up 7C within air span 20 35 C.

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Abstract Battery-powered electric vehicles have gained traction as a sustainable and efficient mode of transportation. These rely on large battery packs to provide the necessary energy for their operation. However, operation these generates heat, which necessitates effective management ensure safe reliable functioning vehicle. As demand higher density in lithium-ion power batteries increases, conventional cooling methods may no longer adequately meet heat dissipation requirements under high-rate discharge high ambient temperature conditions. Researchers are investigating alternative techniques, such phase change material cooling, optimize vehicle packs, including use paraffin beeswax. The experimental results indicate that beeswax-based is more thermal solution Li-ion compared paraffin-based PCM air cooling. system maintained consistently lower temperatures slower rises, leading better control over pack heating. This also demonstrated superior performance terms voltage stability capacity retention, exhibiting drops rate depletion. findings suggest offers significant advantages design... Read More

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining popularity due to their zero tailpipe emissions, superior energy efficiency, and sustainable nature. EVs have various limitations, crucial one is the occurrence of thermal runaway in battery pack. During charging or discharging condition pack may result condition. This promotes requirement effective cooling arrangement around avoid localized peak temperature. In present work, management a 26650 Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cell using natural convection air cooling, composite biobased phase change material (CBPCM) its combination with copper fins numerically investigated multi-scale multi dimension - Newman, Tiedenann, Gu Kim (MSMD-NTGK) model Ansys Fluent at an ambient temperature 306 K. Natural was found discharge rates 1C 3C, maintaining below safe limit 318 K for 80% DoD. However, temperatures increased 321.7 325.4 4C 5C respectively which indicating inadequacy high-powered electric vehicles. 4 mm thick layer CBPCM reduced average surface 312.7 314.8 rates, respectively, w... Read More

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A heat exchange system for battery packs that improves cooling during fast charging and prevents overheating. The system has three parts: a main heat exchanger with multiple sections, a peripheral heat exchanger around the battery modules, and inlet/outlet pipes. The main heat exchanger is divided into interconnected sections that alternate facing opposite directions. This allows more surface area for heat exchange. The peripheral heat exchanger surrounds the modules for additional cooling. The inlet/outlet pipes connect the main and peripheral heat exchangers. The arc-shaped pipe connecting sections allows better flow through the main heat exchanger. The system provides better overall heat dissipation compared to traditional designs.

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